英文名称：That Sugar Film
年代：2014
推荐：千部英美剧台词本阅读
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| [00:00] | 澳大利亚土著居民和托雷斯海峡岛民观众 郑重提醒广大观众 本片可能 包含已故者的图像与录音 | |
| [01:19] | My name is Damon Gameau. | 我叫达蒙·加诺 |
| [01:22] | This is my weatherboard house. | 这是我的檐板房 |
| [01:24] | This is a time-lapse of my girlfriend’s pregnancy. | 这是我定时纪录女朋友怀孕的照片 |
| [01:27] | There’s three months to go. | 只剩三个月就要生了 |
| [01:29] | And this is a photo of me at age 10. | 这是我十岁时候的照片 |
| [01:33] | I was a rare boy whose face grew into his teeth. | 我是少见的长着两颗大暴牙的男孩 |
| [01:38] | Five years ago, when I met my girlfriend, | 在五年前 遇到我女朋友的时候 |
| [01:40] | I was pretty much living on cigarettes, | 我靠香烟 糖果 |
| [01:42] | sugar and my homemade Australian pizzas. | 和自家做的澳式披萨为生 |
| [01:47] | But then, as men often do, | 但是那时 我就像男生们通常做的那样 |
| [01:48] | they feign interest in things to impress a girl. | 假装对女孩子们喜欢的事感兴趣来加深印象 |
| [01:52] | The lovers’ bike. | 骑双人自行车之类的 |
| [01:54] | For me, it was healthy eating. | 对我而言 则是健康饮食 |
| [01:57] | I actually cut out refined sugar from my diet to seal the deal. | 事实上我为了搞定她 我不再吃高精炼糖了 |
| [02:03] | But now sugar is dominating the headlines | 但是现在糖已经占据了各大头条 |
| [02:06] | and there’s so much debate and conjecture on the topic | 关于这个话题还有许多的舆论和猜想 |
| [02:08] | that it’s hard to know what to believe. | 这使我们很难抉择到底应该相信什么 |
| [02:11] | But with this little person on the way, | 但是这个小生命马上就要诞生了 |
| [02:13] | I feel like I need some definitive answers. | 我觉得我有必要给出个明确的答案 |
| [02:18] | If the average Australian family of four | 如果一个普通的澳大利亚四口之家 |
| [02:20] | had to buy the sugar they are consuming in a week, | 要去买他们一个礼拜所需的糖 |
| [02:24] | they would be going to the supermarket, | 他们会去超市 |
| [02:26] | taking six 1-kilo bags of sugar off the shelves… six… | 从货架上拿六包一千克的糖 六包 |
| [02:31] | taking it home, eating it all that week | 把它们带回家 在一周内吃掉 |
| [02:35] | and then going back next week and doing it again. | 然后下周再去超市买六包 |
| [02:37] | Clearly, the ability to be on a high-sugar diet | 显然 高糖饮食的能力 |
| [02:43] | is really new, | 是较新的 |
| [02:45] | especially in terms of evolutionary time zone. | 尤其把它放在人类的进化史来说 |
| [02:55] | Sugar has become so prevalent in today’s society | 糖在当今社会已经相当流行了 |
| [02:58] | that if you removed all the items containing it | 如果你从一个标准的超市货架上 |
| [03:01] | from a standard supermarket’s shelves… | 移除含糖的所有物品 |
| [03:05] | just 20% of items would remain. | 那只能剩下百分之二十的货物了 |
| [03:27] | Ladies and gentlemen, boys and girls, | 先生们 女士们 男孩们 女孩们 |
| [03:29] | this is the condensed history of sugar. | 这是糖的简要历史 |
| [03:41] | The first reports of sugar came from New Guinea in 8000 BC. | 关于糖的第一份报告 出自公元前8000年的新几内亚 |
| [03:45] | Local mythology says that the human race came about | 当地的神话传说 在一个人热爱上甘蔗的茎之后 |
| [03:48] | after a man made love to the stalk of a sugar cane. | 人类就彻底改变了 |
| [03:52] | Ow. | 哇 |
| [03:53] | Then, via trader migration routes, | 然后 通过贸易路线 |
| [03:56] | the cane made its way to India. | 甘蔗来到了印度 |
| [04:03] | Thank you. | 谢谢大家 |
| [04:06] | In the 12th century, sugar arrived in Europe. | 在十二世纪 糖到了欧洲 |
| [04:11] | And, due to its rarity, | 但是 由于糖的珍贵 |
| [04:12] | it quickly became a status symbol for royalty. | 它很快就成了贵族地位的象征 |
| [04:15] | Queen Elizabeth I had a real love of sugar. | 伊丽莎白一世非常热爱糖 |
| [04:21] | So much so that her teeth rotted and went black from it. | 因为吃了太多的糖她的牙齿开始腐烂变黑 |
| [04:26] | Eugh. | 呃 |
| [04:32] | At the start of the 20th century, | 在二十世纪初 |
| [04:34] | sugar was still seen as a treat… | 在茶或者咖啡里加糖 |
| [04:36] | something you would add to a cup of tea or cup of coffee… | 仍被认为是一种款待 |
| [04:38] | but then, in 1955, an event occurred | 但是 在这之后 1955年 |
| [04:41] | that significantly influenced | 一件大大地影响到 |
| [04:44] | the amount of sugar we eat today. | 如今我们食用的糖量的事发生了 |
| [04:55] | A stunned nation hears that its president | 美国上下震惊得知总统 |
| [04:58] | is stricken with a heart attack at… | 患上了心脏病 |
| [05:00] | On September 23, 1955, | 在1955年9月23日 |
| [05:00] | 美国军队 菲茨西蒙斯军医院 | |
| [05:03] | the US President Dwight Eisenhower | 美国总统德怀特·艾森豪威尔 |
| [05:05] | suffered a heart attack | 深受心脏病的折磨 |
| [05:07] | and the issue of heart disease | 并且关于心脏病的问题 |
| [05:08] | was thrust into the public domain. | 强行闯入了公共视野内 |
| [05:10] | Summoned to the hospital, | 被邀请到医院的是 |
| [05:12] | a famed Boston heart specialist… | 一个著名的波斯顿心脏病专家 |
| [05:14] | Two strong theories emerged. | 两个强有力的理论就此出现了 |
| [05:16] | One, led by an American scientist named Ancel Keys, | 一个是由叫安哥·季斯美国科学家提出的 |
| [05:20] | who declared that fat was the problem… | 他宣称肥胖是心脏病的根源 |
| [05:22] | while a British doctor named John Yudkin | 另一个是由叫约翰·尤德金的英国医生提出的 |
| [05:25] | believed sugar was to blame. | 他相信糖才是罪魁祸首 |
| [05:27] | I’d be very happy if everybody ate four pounds of sugar a year. | 如果每个人都能一年只吃四镑的糖 我会很高兴 |
| [05:30] | They eat a hundred pounds! | 但是他们吃了一百镑的量 |
| [05:35] | Over the next two decades, | 在过去的二十年里 |
| [05:37] | the discussion brought fierce arguments from both camps. | 这方面的讨论引起了双方激烈的争论 |
| [05:42] | But by the end of the 1970s, Ancel Keys had won out. | 但在二十世纪七十年代末 安哥·季斯最后获得了成功 |
| [05:47] | Fat became the villain, sugar was exonerated, | 肥胖才是罪魁祸首 而糖却幸免于难 |
| [05:50] | and the low-fat movement was in full swing. | 之后 低脂运动全面展开了 |
| [05:54] | We institutionalised this idea | 我们制度化了 |
| [05:56] | that a low-fat diet is a healthy diet. | 低脂饮食是健康饮食这一观点 |
| [05:58] | So what you want to do is remove fats… | 所以你要做的就是去掉脂肪 |
| [06:01] | This is how industry perceived this. | 这就是业界认为的 |
| [06:03] | We’re gonna remove fat from otherwise healthy foods, | 我们将从健康食品中移除脂肪 |
| [06:06] | and when we do this we have to replace the calories, | 但是当我们这么做的时候我们必须替换卡路里 |
| [06:09] | we have to make sure we have the right mouth feel. | 我们必须确定我们有好的口味 |
| [06:11] | And it has to taste as good as it did with fat, | 并且要吃起来和有脂肪时是一样美味 |
| [06:13] | and the best way to do that is with sugar. | 所以最好的解决办法就是加糖 |
| [06:19] | With sugar now saturating our food supply | 随着糖现在逐渐渗透我们的食物供给 |
| [06:21] | and the constant confusion over its effects on our health, | 对于它是否影响我们健康的困扰 |
| [06:25] | the only real way to get some answers | 我们只能通过 |
| [06:27] | is for me to start eating sugar again | 由我重新开始吃糖然后再观察其对我身体的影响 |
| [06:30] | and see what it does to my body. | 来得到答案 |
| [06:33] | So the first step is to set up an experiment | 所以第一步要做的就是建立一个实验 |
| [06:36] | with the help of a team of experts. | 并由一组专家提供帮助 |
| [06:39] | My chief sugar adviser is the author David Gillespie… | 我的首席顾问是大卫·吉莱斯皮 |
| [06:44] | aka The Crusader. | 他的别称叫做十字军 |
| [06:47] | In charge of my blood tests | 负责我血液测试的 |
| [06:49] | is one of Australia’s leading clinical pathologists, | 是澳大利亚一个技术领先的临床病理学家 |
| [06:52] | Dr Ken Sikaris, aka Professor Blood. | 肯·斯凯瑞斯医生 他又叫做血液教授 |
| [06:57] | My nutritionist is Sharon Johnston… | 我的营养师是莎伦·庄士敦 |
| [07:01] | the Celtic Food Queen. | 是凯尔特美食女王 |
| [07:03] | And supervising my overall health is Dr Debbie Herbst, | 监督我整体健康的是戴比·赫布斯特博士 |
| [07:07] | aka Check Upz. | 他又叫做检察官 |
| [07:11] | OK, so, I want to do this mission, | 好的 我想执行这个任务 |
| [07:13] | I want to find out what sugar does to me. | 我想弄明白糖到底会对我产生什么影响 |
| [07:15] | What kind of things do I need to do? | 我需要做什么样的事 |
| [07:17] | If you want to match Australian averages, | 如果你要和澳大利亚平均水平齐平的话 |
| [07:20] | you’re gonna have to be in the range, | 你将会在这个范围内 |
| [07:22] | 40 teaspoons of sugar a day. | 每天四十茶匙糖 |
| [07:26] | -40 a day? Yeah, 40 a day. | -四十茶匙一天 -是的 四十茶匙一天 |
| [07:28] | That’s what’s embedded in most of the processed food | 这是大部分加工食品所加入的 |
| [07:31] | that most people are eating. | 也是大部分人所吃的 |
| [07:32] | So… | 所以 |
| [07:34] | Right, so does that mean I’m gonna eat a lot | 是的 这意味着我要吃很多 |
| [07:36] | of these kind of sour rainbow blowpipes? | 这种酸的彩虹糖吗 |
| [07:38] | I mean, is that… How am I gonna get to 40 teaspoons? | 我的意思是 我要怎样吃够四十茶匙的糖 |
| [07:41] | You won’t need to come near a place like this to get to 40 teaspoons. | 你不需要吃这些来摄入的四十茶匙糖啊 |
| [07:45] | You just go to a supermarket and you’ll get to 40 teaspoons. | 你只需要去超市 你就能买到四十茶匙的糖啦 |
| [07:48] | Right. | 好吧 |
| [07:49] | The point is to test out a very high sugar diet | 这个实验的目的是为了检验出一个高糖的饮食 |
| [07:52] | and to see what effects we get, what changes I notice in the body. | 看看我们会得到哪些影响 以及是否给身体带来变化 |
| [07:56] | Two months, I wanna eat 40 teaspoons of sugar a day. | 两个月的时间里 我要每天都摄入四十茶匙的糖 |
| [07:59] | -40 teaspoons?! -40 teaspoons. | -四十茶匙 -是 四十茶匙 |
| [08:02] | How are you gonna do that? | 你要怎么做呢 |
| [08:04] | Off-the-shelf breakfast cereals, like Just Right, | 现成的谷物早餐 比如家乐氏的恰好谷物 |
| [08:08] | low-fat flavoured yoghurt. | 低脂果味酸奶 |
| [08:10] | Another good one would be some beans on toast. | 另一个就是烘豆加吐司 |
| [08:12] | Baked beans?! | 烘豆 |
| [08:14] | One serving of an iced tea, | 一杯冰红茶 |
| [08:17] | you’ll end up with nearly nine teaspoons of sugar. | 就能让你摄入将近九茶匙的糖分 |
| [08:20] | If I can achieve 40 teaspoons a day | 如果我要每天都能摄入四十茶匙的糖分 |
| [08:22] | without touching perceived candy or junk food… | 并且还要不接触糖果或者垃圾食品 |
| [08:25] | I mean, I can’t quite fathom that’s possible, | 我的意思是 我觉得这个不太可能 |
| [08:27] | but if we can do that and see some changes, | 但是如果我们能做到 并且观察到身上的一些变化的话 |
| [08:30] | then that’s, yeah, that seems like a pretty good story. | 那 确实 似乎是一件很好的事 |
| [08:33] | A lot of your health markers are going to be going | 你的许多健康指标将向 |
| [08:35] | in very much the wrong direction, | 坏的方向发展 |
| [08:36] | and I’m very glad to hear that you’re gonna be having | 我很高兴听说你将有 |
| [08:39] | some medical supervision, ’cause I think you’re gonna need it. | 一些医疗监督 因为我认为你将需要它 |
| [08:41] | Anyone in the family have diabetes? | 家族里有患糖尿病的吗 |
| [08:43] | -No. -OK. | -没有 -好的 |
| [08:45] | -Not that I know of. -Not that you know of? Good. | -据我所知没有 -据你所知没有 好的 |
| [08:47] | And heart disease? | 那么心脏病患者呢 |
| [08:48] | No. All pretty thin and wiry Irish or French folk. | 没有 他们都是瘦但结实的爱尔兰人或者法国人 |
| [09:02] | We’re going to look at how the blood sugar changes, obviously. | 显然 我们会看一下这些血糖是否有变化 |
| [09:03] | 斯卡瑞斯肯教授 临床病理学家 墨尔本病理学家 | |
| [09:06] | We’ve got blood tests that can look at the effect of the heart. | 我们已经做了可以观察到对心脏的影响的血液测试 |
| [09:10] | But, even more than that, we’re looking for the changes | 但是 除了那些 我们会寻找 |
| [09:13] | that might occur in the liver and its production of fat. | 存在于肝脏或者肝脏产生的脂肪中的变化 |
| [09:18] | I’d like to go to 1932, please. | 我想回到1932年 谢谢 |
| [09:19] | Done. | 完成 |
| [09:21] | Coming. | 来了 |
| [09:31] | Let’s just see how tall you are. | 让我们来看看你现在有多高 |
| [09:37] | So you’ve got a really normal, healthy blood pressure… | 你现在有一个十分正常健康的血压 |
| [09:39] | 121 over 79. | 上压121 下压79 |
| [09:41] | Your heart rate’s pretty good at 75, so that’s pretty good. | 你的心率在75是很好的 所以你现在很好 |
| [09:43] | Alright, so, we’ll just have a listen to your heart, | 好了 现在我将要听一下你的心跳 |
| [09:46] | see what it sounds like. | 听听像什么 |
| [09:49] | You know what it’s saying, Damon. | 你知道它说什么吗 达蒙 |
| [09:51] | Don’t do this crazy thing? | 不要做这么疯狂的事 |
| [09:52] | Exactly. That’s exactly what I heard it saying. | 是的 我听到它确实是这么说的 |
| [09:54] | There are some tests that we’re doing | 我们要做的一些测试 |
| [09:56] | just to make sure | 只是为了确定 |
| [09:57] | that you’re not doing anything too stupid here. | 你没有做什么太愚蠢的事情 |
| [09:59] | Usually I’m telling people not to eat all this sort of stuff, | 通常我会告诉人们不要一直吃这些东西 |
| [10:03] | so… | 所以 |
| [10:04] | I personally think you’re insane for doing it at all. | 我个人认为你做那些事是疯狂的 |
| [10:07] | But… No, no, no, honestly. I think it’s dangerous. | 但是 不不不 实话实说 我觉得这事太危险了 |
| [10:09] | But I guess on the plus side, | 但是从积极的方面说 |
| [10:11] | everybody else is already doing it. | 其他人都已经这么做了 |
| [10:17] | So, this is where my health stands pre-experiment. | 这就是我在实验前的健康指标 |
| [10:21] | My total calorie intake is approximately 2,300 a day. | 我一天大约摄入两千三百卡路里 |
| [10:26] | With 50% coming from good fats like avocado and nuts, | 百分之五十的脂肪来自牛油果和坚果这样的食物 |
| [10:30] | 26% from protein such as eggs, meat or fish, | 百分之二十六来自鸡蛋 肉类 或者肉类里的蛋白质 |
| [10:34] | and 24% from carbohydrates like fresh vegetables. | 百分之二十四来自新鲜蔬菜中的碳水化合物 |
| [10:38] | And of course there is no refined sugar. | 当然这里没有精制糖 |
| [10:40] | currently weigh 76kg | 我现在体重七十六千克 |
| [10:43] | with a waist circumference of 84cm. | 腰围八十四厘米 |
| [10:46] | My blood tests showed a very healthy liver, | 我的血液测试显示我肝脏十分健康 |
| [10:48] | a very low level of triglyceride, | 甘油三酸酯含量也很低 |
| [10:50] | which is fat in the bloodstream, | 那是血液中的一种脂肪 |
| [10:52] | and, thankfully, no sign of insulin resistance or diabetes. | 谢天谢地 没有胰岛素耐受性或糖尿病的迹象 |
| [10:56] | Overall, I rated slightly healthier | 总的来说 我的健康水平 |
| [10:59] | than the average Western male of my age. | 比我的同龄西部男性要好 |
| [11:04] | The next step in the experiment was to do a shop. | 实验的下一步就是去购物 |
| [11:09] | To calculate my 40 teaspoons, | 为了计算那四十茶匙的糖 |
| [11:11] | I need to keep in mind that one teaspoon | 我需要牢记 |
| [11:13] | equals roughly four grams of sugar. | 平均大约每一茶匙是四克糖 |
| [11:17] | But I also need a lesson in the different types of sugar. | 但是我还要谨记需要各种各样的糖 |
| [11:23] | Ladies and gentlemen, boys and girls, | 先生们 女士们 女孩们 男孩们 |
| [11:25] | it’s time to meet the sugar family. | 是时候来看一下我们的糖类家族了 |
| [11:30] | When we eat certain foods, they adhere to a rule. | 当我们吃某一食物的时候 它们都会遵循一个规则 |
| [11:33] | They break down to glucose which our body uses for fuel. | 他们分解成为我们人体所需的葡萄糖 |
| [11:37] | Breads, pasta, vegies and grain | 面包 意面 蔬菜和粗粮 |
| [11:40] | all turn to glucose to be used by our brain. | 都将会转化成我们大脑所需的葡萄糖 |
| [11:44] | Ooh! | 哦 |
| [11:46] | But also our cells and our organs, too. | 当然还有我们的细胞和组织也需要葡萄糖 |
| [11:50] | So without any glucose there would be no you. | 所以没有葡萄糖就没有你哦 |
| [11:54] | Lactose is next, and she’s as smooth as silk. | 接下来是乳糖 她就像丝绸一样光滑 |
| [11:57] | She’s the first sugar mammals have… | 她是哺乳动物最先摄入的糖类 |
| [11:59] | it’s in their mother’s milk. | 它来自母乳 |
| [12:01] | You’ll find it in cheese and milk and tubs of yogurt, too. | 你也会在奶酪 牛奶和酸奶中发现它 |
| [12:05] | But take care if you’re intolerant, | 但是你有乳糖不耐症的话 就要小心了 |
| [12:07] | you’ll be rushing to the loo. | 吃了这些你就会不停地冲进厕所 |
| [12:09] | Now, sucrose is the sugar that all the fuss is about. | 现在 蔗糖是最有争议的糖 |
| [12:15] | Some say it’s dangerous while others still have doubt. | 有些人说蔗糖是危险的 也有人说这还有待商榷 |
| [12:19] | Sucrose is the table sugar | 蔗糖就是我们从桌上能拿到 |
| [12:21] | we have in coffee or tea. | 加到我们的咖啡或者茶中的糖 |
| [12:24] | She’s the sugar family’s sweet little daughter. | 她可是糖类家族中的甜甜小女儿哦 |
| [12:28] | Or not, apparently. | 或不是 显然 |
| [12:30] | Ooh. | 哦 |
| [12:33] | Now, this table sugar, or sucrose, | 注意 这种桌上的糖 或者说蔗糖 |
| [12:36] | is made up of two sugars. | 由两种糖组成 |
| [12:38] | It is 50% glucose, the head of the family, plus 50% fructose. | 它有一半是葡萄糖 糖类家族的老大 另一半是果糖 |
| [12:45] | Now, fructose may well be | 果糖则是 |
| [12:48] | the sugar family’s mischievous teenage son, | 糖果家族淘气的小伙子 |
| [12:51] | because in the past this fructose was very, very rare. | 因为在过去 果糖是非常非常稀少的 |
| [12:56] | It was found in fruit and vegies and honey, if you dared. | 如果你敢于挑战 你会从水果 蔬菜和蜂蜜里发现他 |
| [13:01] | But now we find it everywhere! | 但是现在我们可以在任何地方找到它 |
| [13:05] | In so many foods we eat. | 就在我们吃的许多食品中 |
| [13:09] | And you’ll always know if you’re eating fructose | 你知道你无时无刻不在摄入果糖 |
| [13:12] | ’cause it’s the thing that makes food sweet. | 因为它能让食物变甜 |
| [13:16] | You see, people on this planet are growing sicker every day, | 你看 人们越来越虚弱 |
| [13:21] | and many scientists now believe | 许多科学家现在认为 |
| [13:24] | that fructose has a role to play. | 果糖在其中起了重要作用 |
| [13:31] | -Hey, hey! -The first load. | -嘿 嘿 -第一波 |
| [13:34] | Why don’t we make these middle shelves the sugar zone? | 我们为什么不用中间这层来放糖类食物呢 |
| [13:38] | -I love it. -Here’s some juicy juice. | -我觉得很赞 -这里有些果汁 |
| [13:43] | -Juice boxes, babe. -Yep. | -软装果汁 宝贝儿 -嗯 是 |
| [13:45] | Up&Go. | 向上走早餐奶 |
| [13:50] | So, here are the rules for my next 60 days. | 这就是我接下来六十天的日常 |
| [13:53] | I must consume 40 teaspoons of sugar a day, | 我必须每天摄入四十茶匙的糖 |
| [13:56] | but they must be hidden sugars | 但是它们必须是隐藏在 |
| [13:58] | found in commonly perceived healthy foods and drinks. | 公认为健康食品和饮料里的糖分 |
| [14:01] | So no soft drink, chocolate, confectionary or ice-cream. | 所以不能有汽水 巧克力 糖果和冰淇淋 |
| [14:06] | These 40 teaspoons of sugar will consist of sucrose | 这四十茶匙的糖会明确包括蔗糖 |
| [14:09] | and fructose specifically. | 和果糖 |
| [14:11] | They can be added, like jam, or naturally occurring, | 它们的存在 可以是被添加的 如果酱 |
| [14:15] | like sultanas. | 也可以是本来就存在的 如葡萄干 |
| [14:16] | I must always choose low-fat foods | 我必须一直选择低脂食品 |
| [14:19] | and maintain the same level of exercise as I already do. | 并保持我之前的锻炼量 |
| [14:23] | That’s three laps of my garden twice a week | 那就是每周两次绕着我的花园跑三圈 |
| [14:26] | and a 10-minute workout on my homemade gym. | 然后在室内自家健身房做十分钟健身 |
| [14:29] | And by homemade, I mean homemade. | 在室内 我的意思是说自制健身房 |
| [14:38] | Tomorrow morning I start. What are your feelings? | 从明天早晨开始 你觉得怎么样 |
| [14:43] | Uh… | 呃 |
| [14:47] | I hope you’re OK. | 我希望你觉得不错 |
| [14:58] | Darling, do we have a metric cup, like, to measure size? | 亲爱的 我们有量杯那样能测量的器皿吗 |
| [15:02] | Yep. | 有 |
| [15:04] | Right, so, this Just Right tells me | 很好 然后 这个恰好谷物上说 |
| [15:06] | that it’s 12 grams of sugar per serving, right? | 每份有十二克糖 是吧 |
| [15:10] | So, that’s… | 所以 那是 |
| [15:11] | Divided by four, that’s roughly three… | 把它分成四分 大概就能… |
| [15:13] | three teaspoons of sugar per serving. | 每份三茶匙的糖了 |
| [15:18] | That’s a recommended serving size | 这是推荐用量 |
| [15:20] | with three teaspoons of sugar. | 有三茶匙的糖 |
| [15:21] | Now, I don’t know about you but I’m a growing boy. | 现在 我并不知道你们 但我还在长个儿呢 |
| [15:23] | I’m gonna need a little bit more of that. | 我需要多一点点这个 |
| [15:25] | That feels like a shot of Just Right. | 这有点像一杯恰好谷物 |
| [15:28] | Yeah, maybe 2.5. | 很好 也许是两个半茶匙 |
| [15:31] | OK, so, 2.5… | 嗯 两个半茶匙 |
| [15:33] | So, one was just under three teaspoons, two is six teaspoons, | 一个是三茶匙少一点 两个就是六茶匙 |
| [15:37] | and the other half is about 7.5 teaspoons of sugar, | 另一半是大约七个半茶匙的糖 |
| [15:41] | just in that bowl. | 就在这碗里 |
| [15:43] | And I haven’t added the yoghurt yet. | 但我还没有加酸奶 |
| [15:44] | Per serving there is 27 grams, | 每杯有二十七克糖 |
| [15:49] | but a lot of that’s gonna be lactose, so I reckon 18 grams. | 但是有许多是乳糖 所以我推测是十八克 |
| [15:54] | divided by 4 is just over 4. | 把十八克分成四份 每份就是四克多一点 |
| [15:59] | So, four to my seven, so there’s 11 teaspoons of sugar, | 四茶匙再加上我之前的七茶匙 这样就有十一茶匙的糖了 |
| [16:02] | and then I’ve gotta add my juice. | 然后再加上我的果汁 |
| [16:05] | I’m gonna put about 400 mils of apple juice, that will do me. | 我会倒上大约四百毫升的苹果汁 这样就差不多了 |
| [16:09] | There we’re looking at nine teaspoons, so this combined, | 这个看起来就有九茶匙的糖 这样加起来的话 |
| [16:14] | I’m looking at nearly 20 teaspoons to start the day. | 今天的早餐就摄入了接近二十茶匙的糖了 |
| [16:22] | Hey, David. How are you going? | 嗨 大卫 你最近怎么样 |
| [16:23] | Good. How are you? | 挺好的 你呢 |
| [16:25] | Mate, I’ve just got a quick question. We just were… | 伙计 我有一个小问题 我们只是 |
| [16:28] | I just sort of had my first breakfast | 我只是刚刚吃了我的第一份早餐 |
| [16:30] | and it got to about 20 teaspoons. | 就已经摄入了大约二十茶匙的糖 |
| [16:33] | 20 teaspoons?! | 二十茶匙 |
| [16:34] | I almost couldn’t believe it. | 我几乎不敢相信 |
| [16:36] | But I did all the maths and it just seems ridiculous. | 我已经认真做了加法 这看起来很荒谬 |
| [16:41] | Mate, you’re gonna have to be on a diet | 伙计 你该节食了 |
| [16:43] | for the rest of the day if you’re only allowed to have | 在今天剩下的时间 你只能 |
| [16:45] | 20 teaspoons for the rest of the day. | 再摄入二十茶匙的糖了 |
| [16:47] | That’s what I mean! | 那就是我想说的 |
| [16:48] | I’ll have to eat celery for the rest of the day. | 我今天接下来都要吃芹菜了 |
| [16:52] | Just obscene. | 真烦人 |
| [16:55] | When we were still foraging and hunting and gathering | 当我们仍在觅食 狩猎和收集 |
| [16:58] | and trying to search for fruit and things in our environment, | 尝试在我们的生活环境中找到水果或什么东西的时候 |
| [17:02] | we needed to be highly attuned to what sweetness there was, | 我们需要极其适应这些糖分 |
| [17:06] | because we really need the calories. | 因为我们真的很需要卡路里 |
| [17:08] | And of course now we bring with us | 当然 现在 我们自带着 |
| [17:10] | that ancient lust for sugar, | 我们对糖的原始欲望 |
| [17:13] | that ability to find even small amounts, | 这种能力能让我们找到非常少量的糖 |
| [17:16] | and it’s a case where we were looking for a little | 我们只想要一点点 是没问题的 |
| [17:18] | but now we have too much. | 但现在我们却有太多了 |
| [17:20] | And so the system, in an evolutionary terms, | 因此 用进化的术语来说 |
| [17:23] | is not really set up to deal with | 我们的身体并不是主要为了解决 |
| [17:26] | this sudden abundance of highly refined sugar. | 这种突然陡增的高度精致的糖的 |
| [17:36] | After just two days of the experiment | 仅仅在实验了两天之后 |
| [17:38] | I was amazed at how easy it was | 我惊奇地发现 |
| [17:41] | to get to 40 teaspoons without eating any junk food. | 每天摄入四十茶匙的糖却不吃垃圾食品是多么简单的事 |
| [17:46] | I’ve just had a breakthrough as to how we might be consuming | 我刚刚在我们怎么会要消耗这么多果糖上 |
| [17:48] | so much fructose. | 得到重大突破 |
| [17:50] | I just bought these four apples. | 我刚买了这四个苹果 |
| [17:52] | Now, I know that if I tried to eat these apples | 现在 我知道 如果我试着吃掉这些苹果 |
| [17:54] | I’d probably get through two of them and I’d feel full. | 我很有可能在吃了两个之后就觉得饱了 |
| [17:57] | The fibre in the fruit would tell my body to stop, | 水果中的纤维会告诉我的身体不要再吃了 |
| [18:01] | it’s had enough to eat. | 已经够了 |
| [18:04] | But I wanna see what happens if I can juice these four apples. | 但是我想知道如果我把这四个苹果打成汁会怎么样 |
| [18:17] | Right, so that’s four apples. | 好了 这是四个苹果打成的汁 |
| [18:21] | That’s the sugar from four apples in one glass. | 在这一个杯子里有四个苹果所含的糖分 |
| [18:24] | Now, one apple is about four teaspoons of sugar, | 一个苹果大约有四茶匙的糖 |
| [18:27] | so that’s 16 teaspoons of sugar in that glass. | 所以 在这个杯子里有十六茶匙的糖 |
| [18:30] | See, nature has given us this perfect little packet, | 看 大自然给了我们完美的小苹果 |
| [18:33] | and it’s got all the nutrients, the fibre | 里面有所有的营养 纤维 |
| [18:36] | that tells us when we’re full, | 这就告诉我们 当我们觉得饱了 |
| [18:37] | and just the right amount of sugar in this. | 那就是我们已经摄入了正好的糖 |
| [18:40] | But what we do is we invent a machine like this | 但我们做的 却是发明了像这样的机器 |
| [18:43] | which extracts only the sugar | 只提取糖分 |
| [18:45] | and then we throw everything else away. | 然后把其他的东西都扔掉了 |
| [18:56] | This high amount of sugar in juice, | 果汁里糖的高含量 |
| [18:59] | and drinks in general, | 和通常的饮料 |
| [19:00] | was certainly the biggest surprise of the first week. | 绝对是第一周我最大的惊奇收获 |
| [19:09] | Beverage tend to really create a rush, | 饮料往往真的会创造出一个热潮 |
| [19:13] | what I kind of call a tsunami effect. | 我称其为海啸效应 |
| [19:15] | So you basically have this huge wave of sugar | 所以你基本上 |
| [19:19] | that gets to your liver. | 让你的肝脏受到一大波糖的袭击 |
| [19:21] | And that has a lot of consequence. | 这会产生很多后果 |
| [19:31] | It was now day 12 and time for my first weigh-in. | 现在是实验的第十二天 也是我该第一次称体重的时候了 |
| [19:35] | Moment of truth. | 揭开真相的时刻 |
| [19:40] | 79.3. Huh? | 79 3千克 呃 |
| [19:43] | -I’m about to cry. -Why? | -我都快要哭了 -为什么 |
| [19:45] | 3.2 kilos. | 3 2千克啊 |
| [19:46] | -In 12 days? -In 12 days. | -就在这十二天里 -是的 就这十二天里 |
| [19:48] | And that’s without one fizzy drink, | 而且一杯汽水都没喝 |
| [19:50] | no ice-cream, no chocolate. | 也没有吃冰淇淋 没有吃巧克力 |
| [19:52] | That is eating healthy food. | 吃的都是健康食品呢 |
| [19:54] | It’s alarming. Alarming, alarming. | 这真是惊人 太惊人了 太惊人了 |
| [19:56] | Debbie’s alarm wasn’t about the amount of weight I had gained… | 戴比的警告并不是因为我增加的重量 |
| [20:00] | it was the fact that it was all around my belly. | 而是 事实上 肉都长在我都腰上了 |
| [20:02] | This is what’s known as visceral fat. | 这就是所谓的内脏脂肪 |
| [20:06] | I’m having a baby! | 我怀宝宝啦 |
| [20:09] | Here’s a great example of it. | 举一个典型的例子 |
| [20:11] | On this person, the fat comes up as black. | 这个人的脂肪是黑色的 |
| [20:15] | You can see there is a very small amount of fat | 你可以看到脂肪量很少 |
| [20:17] | just under the skin, but lots of visceral fat on the inside, | 但这些只是表皮下的 里面的内脏脂肪很多 |
| [20:21] | cramping the organs. | 绞痛着身体器官 |
| [20:24] | There is a term for this: | 有一个术语可以描述 |
| [20:36] | We know that with fructose, | 我们知道因为果糖 |
| [20:39] | you tend to accumulate more fat in this area. | 肚子上会推积更多的脂肪 |
| [20:42] | We don’t know why, but we know, on the other hand, | 我们不知道为什么 但是 另一方面 |
| [20:44] | that when you do accumulate that fat in this area | 我们知道 当肚子里累积了一定的脂肪后 |
| [20:47] | you have a lot of metabolic disease | 你会患上许多代谢性疾病 |
| [20:49] | that are associated with this. | 都是与之有关联的 |
| [21:00] | On day 15, it occurred to me | 在第十五天的时候 我忽然想到 |
| [21:03] | what 40 teaspoons of sugar | 四十茶匙的糖 |
| [21:05] | would actually look like | 实际上就像是 |
| [21:07] | stripped of its cleverly marketed packaging. | 脱下了销售包装的东西一样 |
| [21:12] | Today I’m gonna eat 40 actual teaspoons of sugar. | 今天 我要吃四十茶匙糖 |
| [21:17] | Just Right, low-fat yoghurt… there’s 10 teaspoons of sugar. | 恰好谷物 低脂酸奶 相当于十茶匙糖 |
| [21:21] | Here, just a bowl of plain Vita Brits. So what I’m gonna do… | 然后 一碗普通的无糖营养麦片 我要放一些糖 |
| [21:35] | This now equals that. | 现在 它们等量了 |
| [21:48] | It’s time for my midmorning snack. | 该吃我的上午零食了 |
| [21:51] | Now, I could have this amount of frozen yoghurt or… | 我现在可以吃这杯冷冻酸奶 |
| [21:58] | 11. | 十一茶匙糖 |
| [22:07] | So it’s lunch. | 现在是午餐时间 |
| [22:08] | I have this delicious piece of chicken here. | 有一些美味的鸡块 |
| [22:12] | Now, I could add half a packet | 现在我本来要加半包 |
| [22:14] | of this teriyaki chicken sauce… | 照烧鸡肉酱 |
| [22:17] | or, alternatively… | 或者 |
| [22:27] | Now, to wash it down, I could have one of these | 为了可以吞下这玩意 我可以喝一瓶这个 |
| [22:30] | or… | 或者 |
| [22:53] | So, it’s the midafternoon slump. | 下午的精神不好 |
| [22:55] | Now, as a pick-me-up, I could have this Go Natural Superfood | 因为要提神 我要吃这个天然能量棒 |
| [22:59] | Apple Strawberry Cranberry Ripple bar | 叫苹果草莓蔓越莓波纹棒 |
| [23:02] | or I could have this 7-teaspoon water cracker sugar sandwich. | 或者我可以来个七茶匙糖饼三明治 |
| [23:21] | It was at this point | 到点了 |
| [23:23] | that I thought I’d better check in with Professor Blood. | 我想我最好去血液教授那儿签个到 |
| [23:27] | The big change is that the liver function tests | 最大的变化就是通过测试 |
| [23:31] | have had an amazing rise in one of the enzyme levels, | 肝脏功能的酶指标上升很快 |
| [23:34] | the ALT level. | 即谷丙转氨酶指标 |
| [23:36] | The ALT is an enzyme in the liver | 谷丙转氨酶是肝脏里的一种酶 |
| [23:39] | which helps the reactions go out. | 有助于消除副作用 |
| [23:41] | If it appears in your blood, | 如果血液中出现谷丙转氨酶 |
| [23:43] | ’cause that’s where we measured it, | 因为我们测量的就是血液 |
| [23:44] | it shows that the liver cells are releasing their contents… | 就表示肝细胞正在释放转氨酶 |
| [23:48] | i.e., they’re being damaged or dying. | 也就是说 细胞正在受损或者坏死 |
| [23:52] | And so the… | 所以 |
| [23:54] | You know, the… It’s really… | 这真的有点 |
| [23:56] | -My liver cells are dying. -They are. They are. | -我的肝细胞正在坏死 -是的 |
| [23:59] | It’s obviously getting full of fat. | 显然是因为脂肪太多 |
| [24:02] | You’ve got the signs of a fatty liver. | 你有一点脂肪肝的迹象 |
| [24:04] | And this is really the first time | 真的 这也是我第一次 |
| [24:06] | I’ve actually seen that it can be actually developed | 见证了两到三周的时间 |
| [24:09] | in two or three weeks. | 就形成了脂肪肝 |
| [24:12] | Given my liver has turned to fat | 鉴于我的肝在仅仅十八天之后 |
| [24:14] | after just 18 days, | 就转变成了脂肪肝 |
| [24:16] | I think it’s time to take a closer look | 我觉得是时候好好查看一下 |
| [24:18] | at what sugar does once it enters the body. | 糖进入身体之后做了什么 |
| [24:24] | This is the actor Brenton Thwaites. | 这是演员布兰顿·思怀兹 |
| [24:27] | He’s very kindly volunteered his body | 他人很好 自愿用他的身体 |
| [24:29] | for the following demonstration. | 来做下面的演示 |
| [24:37] | After sugar enters the body, it splits into two parts… | 糖进入身体后 分成了两个部分 |
| [24:41] | fructose and glucose. | 果糖和葡萄糖 |
| [24:44] | Both of which make their way to the liver. | 两者都会前往肝脏 |
| [24:53] | Now, once in the liver, | 现在 进入肝脏后 |
| [24:55] | the glucose is dealt with efficiently. | 葡萄糖有秩序地被处理着 |
| [24:58] | It’s either used immediately for energy | 它们有的会立即转化成能量 |
| [25:00] | or it’s stored for later, like a spare battery. | 有的会被储存起来 就像备用电池一样 |
| [25:03] | But the fructose half of sugar is very different. | 但糖中一半的果糖就不一样了 |
| [25:06] | The liver doesn’t have a system to regulate the fructose | 肝脏里没有管理果糖的系统 |
| [25:08] | because it was so rare in nature, | 因为果糖自然界里是非常稀有的 |
| [25:10] | so it hoovers it out of the bloodstream whether it needs it or not. | 所以不管是否需要它 它都会脱离血液 |
| [25:13] | And if all our spare batteries are full, then it rapidly turns it into fat. | 如果所有的备用电池都存满了 很快它就会变成脂肪 |
| [25:19] | Some of that fat is gonna stay in the liver | 一些脂肪会留在肝脏里 |
| [25:23] | and you’re gonna have increased risk | 那么你将会增加 |
| [25:26] | for insulin resistance and diabetes. | 产生胰岛素耐受性和患糖尿病的危险 |
| [25:29] | What also happens is that this fat in the liver | 肝脏里的脂肪还会 |
| [25:32] | is then sent out into the bloodstream as triglycerides, | 被送到血液中 转化为甘油三酸酯 |
| [25:36] | which can lead to excess weight | 甘油三酸酯会使身体肥胖 |
| [25:38] | plus blocked arteries and heart disease. | 造成动脉阻塞 和糖尿病 |
| [25:46] | Now, when we’re eating lots of sugar | 当我们摄入大量糖 |
| [25:48] | and other carbohydrates like bread and pasta, | 和其它碳水化合物 比如面包和意面 时 |
| [25:51] | we’re producing lots of glucose. | 就会产生大量葡萄糖 |
| [25:53] | A hormone called insulin is released, | 一种叫做胰岛素的激素会被释放 |
| [25:56] | which is like a key that helps to open our cells’ doors | 胰岛素就像一把钥匙可以打开我们的细胞门 |
| [25:59] | so they can absorb all the glucose, | 然后这些细胞就可以吸收葡萄糖 |
| [26:01] | remove it from the bloodstream and burn it for energy. | 葡萄糖离开血液 转化成能量 |
| [26:05] | The more glucose in the blood, the more insulin is released. | 血液里的葡萄糖越多 释放的胰岛素就越多 |
| [26:09] | But the key point for us | 但对我们来说 关键在于 |
| [26:12] | is that while this insulin is in the blood | 当血液里的胰岛素 |
| [26:13] | dealing with all the glucose, | 在处理葡萄糖时 |
| [26:15] | it tells our fat cells to hold on to the fat. | 它会让脂肪细胞停留在脂肪周围 |
| [26:18] | It actually turns off our fat-burning processes. | 实际上就关掉了脂肪燃烧的过程 |
| [26:22] | So when we’re eating lots of sugar, | 因此我们在吃进大量糖的时候 |
| [26:23] | we’re putting fat into our bodies via the fatty liver. | 脂肪进入了身体是经由脂肪肝 |
| [26:26] | Plus, because of all the glucose, | 此外 因为葡萄糖的存在 |
| [26:28] | we maintain the level of insulin, | 可以维持胰岛素水平 |
| [26:30] | which tells our fat cells to hold on to the fat. | 让脂肪细胞待在脂肪周围 |
| [26:33] | We can’t burn off fat | 当胰岛素在处理所有的糖时 |
| [26:34] | when insulin is around dealing with all the sugar! | 我们无法燃尽脂肪 |
| [26:39] | This is what may be happening | 这是有可能发生的 |
| [26:40] | to a huge number of the population.’ | 对于大部分的人来说 |
| [26:44] | It’s highly unlikely with Brenton, though. | 但是对布兰顿来说不太可能 |
| [26:51] | The issue that we’re talking about | 我们要讨论的问题是 |
| [26:53] | is that there are these chronic diseases | 有一些慢性疾病 |
| [26:55] | related to obesity and diabetes… | 与许多病都有关 比如肥胖 糖尿病 |
| [26:58] | heart disease, | 心脏病 |
| [27:00] | 调查科学记者著有 《我们为什么会发胖》 | |
| [27:00] | many cancers, gout, hypertension, | 许多癌症 痛风和高血压 |
| [27:04] | high blood pressure, possibly Alzheimer’s disease. | 高血压有可能发展成阿尔茨海默氏症 |
| [27:08] | The question is, would these diseases exist… | 问题是 如果饮食里没有糖 |
| [27:12] | if sugar wasn’t in the diet? | 这些疾病还会存在吗 |
| [27:22] | So, this morning I’ve woken up and I feel pretty drained. | 今天早上我醒来的时候 觉得精疲力尽 |
| [27:26] | I had a chicken dish last night that was pretty sweet. | 昨天晚上我吃了一道很甜的鸡肉菜 |
| [27:31] | And I could just tell that my body feels lethargic | 可以说我的身体感觉昏昏欲睡 |
| [27:34] | and it’s waiting for its next sugar injection. | 而它正等着再一次糖的摄取 |
| [27:40] | So the perfectly named Up&Go | 它有一个很好听的名字叫做向上走早餐奶 |
| [27:46] | is gonna start my day today. | 以此开始我今天的生活 |
| [27:48] | Banana flavoured with, uh… | 是香蕉口味 |
| [27:52] | about four to five teaspoons of sugar. | 相当于四到五茶匙糖 |
| [27:56] | It was obvious | 显然 |
| [27:57] | that sugar was affecting me physically, | 糖会影响我的身体 |
| [27:59] | but the real surprise | 但令人吃惊的是 |
| [28:00] | was the impact it was having on my moods. | 对我的情绪也有影响 |
| [28:03] | It’s amazing, it’s so sweet | 真是神奇 它这么甜 |
| [28:05] | and I can feel my brain responds to it straightaway. | 我能感觉到我的大脑立刻作出反应 |
| [28:08] | Like, it tastes delicious. | 比如 尝起来很美味 |
| [28:10] | The thing I’ve noticed the most is the mood swings. | 我注意到最重要的是情绪波动 |
| [28:14] | Big highs when I have the sugar and I feel super alert | 当我摄入大量糖时 我感受到了身体警觉起来 |
| [28:17] | and switched on for about 45 minutes | 大概会持续四十五分钟 |
| [28:20] | and then I’ll get this feeling of real lethargy, | 然后我就非常想要睡觉 |
| [28:23] | I’ll feel vague, a bit aloof until I get that next hit again | 有点意识模糊 有点冷淡 直到下一次糖分冲击 |
| [28:28] | and then I’m right to concentrate. | 才又能集中精力 |
| [28:30] | I just noticed the attention is reduced | 我注意到他的注意力在下降 |
| [28:33] | and he’s much more distracted. | 他现在很容易分心 |
| [28:35] | -Hm. -And it’s very unlike him. | -嗯 -非常不像他 |
| [28:38] | Very unusual. | 很不正常 |
| [28:39] | What you’re describing is absolutely | 你们所说的 |
| [28:41] | what the research has shown, | 正是很多研究已经证明的 |
| [28:44] | is a high concentration, energy, | 高度注意力和精力 |
| [28:47] | followed by a crash. | 会紧接着一个崩溃 |
| [28:50] | The brain and body runs on glucose. | 大脑和身体依靠葡萄糖运转 |
| [28:53] | If the glucose level is going constantly up and down, | 如果葡萄糖水平持续忽高忽低 |
| [28:57] | you know, zinging high and low and high and low | 就是精力一会旺盛 一会低靡 |
| [29:00] | and back and forth, | 反反复复 |
| [29:01] | then your mental function is just unstable. | 那么你的精神状态就会不稳定 |
| [29:05] | If your glucose level is stable | 如果葡萄糖水平稳定 |
| [29:08] | and not fluctuating, then you have more clarity. | 而且没有上下波动 你就会更清醒 |
| [29:12] | It’s almost like the body is | 就像是身体 |
| [29:14] | getting used to this new reality that I’ve created, | 已经习惯了我创造的这种新现状 |
| [29:16] | and it gets its burst of energy from the sugar. | 并且它从糖中获取一阵阵的能量爆发 |
| [29:19] | And then when that’s not happening, | 当情况不再是那样 |
| [29:21] | it’s, like, going, “OK, we’re ready.” | 这就像说 我们准备好了 |
| [29:22] | Like, I guess, I used to smoke, it’s a similar feeling. | 就像 我猜 我以前抽烟 大概是一样的感觉 |
| [29:25] | Tell me a little bit more about what it’s like | 告诉我多一点 |
| [29:27] | when you’ve just had some sugar | 在你吃一些糖 |
| [29:29] | and when you’re on the sugar high. | 和吃很多糖的时候 是什么状况 |
| [29:31] | A quite childish thing comes out in me. | 傻气幼稚的我就冒出来了 |
| [29:33] | I go, “Whoo,” and then I’m full of beans for a while. | 我就像 唔 然后兴奋好一会儿 |
| [29:36] | He can be like that in day-to-day life, too, | 他日常生活中也会那样 |
| [29:39] | he’s really fun and playful, but the difference is | 他很好玩 很有趣 但不同之处在于 |
| [29:41] | there’s a kind of manic edge to it that wasn’t there before. | 他有一点处于狂躁的边缘 以前不会这样 |
| [29:44] | It’s kind of a bit more like, “Ah’.” | 更像是 啊啊啊啊 |
| [29:46] | Now, the manic state is quite interesting | 狂躁的状态很有趣 |
| [29:50] | because it’s not the same as happiness, right? | 因为它和愉快不一样 对吧 |
| [29:54] | There’s a sort of a sense of being wired. | 有一点迷醉了的感觉 |
| [29:57] | It’s raining sugar! | 正在下糖雨啊 |
| [30:00] | So, it’s interesting ’cause that’s what we do see. | 所以很有趣 因为正如我们所看到的 |
| [30:02] | And I’m not suggesting you’ve got bipolar disorder | 我并不是说你有抑郁狂躁型忧郁症 |
| [30:04] | but it’s a phenomena that we see in that particular condition | 但这的确是一种现象 我们看到在特定情况下 |
| [30:09] | where there’s a very high mood | 情绪容易异常高涨 |
| [30:11] | but it’s not actually a very pleasant mood. | 但实际上并不是愉快的心情 |
| [30:16] | So, Damon, the way that blood sugar affects your mood, | 达蒙 血糖是如何影响你情绪的 |
| [30:20] | I like to explain to people with a really simple diagram. | 我打算画一个非常简单的图表解释一下 |
| [30:23] | So, this is your blood sugar levels here. | 这条线表示你的血糖水平 |
| [30:27] | This is the point where your brain is really happy | 在这个数值上时 你的大脑处于高兴的状态 |
| [30:31] | ’cause it’s got enough sugar to keep it going. | 因为它由足够的糖维持着这个状态 |
| [30:33] | It is your most important organ in the body, in that way. | 脑子也是你身体中最重要的器官 |
| [30:36] | When you eat something that’s really sugary, | 在你吃了含糖多的食物之后 |
| [30:38] | like lollies or fruit juices, that sort of thing, | 比如棒棒糖或者果汁之类的 |
| [30:41] | your blood sugar will spike really quickly | 你的血糖就会很快飙升 |
| [30:44] | and then it will crash down again really quickly. | 然后快速下跌 |
| [30:47] | The reason it crashes really quickly is because, | 快速下跌的原因是 |
| [30:50] | in response to that sugar, the body releases insulin, | 身体对糖作出反应 释放胰岛素 |
| [30:53] | the hormone that takes it into the cells | 这种激素把糖分带入细胞 |
| [30:55] | so it can be used for energy. | 从而转化为能量 |
| [30:56] | So, that big crash though | 因此 这样的大跌 |
| [30:59] | means that your brain’s no longer happy, | 意味着你的大脑不再高兴 |
| [31:01] | so, in response to that, | 所以 对此作出反应 |
| [31:03] | we get the release of stress hormones like adrenaline, | 就会释放出肾上腺素这样的应激激素 |
| [31:07] | which is then signalling the brain | 该激素向大脑发出信号 |
| [31:09] | to tell you to eat something sugary again | 告诉你再吃一些含糖多的食物 |
| [31:14] | so that we can get it back up again. | 这样就会重回高兴状态 |
| [31:17] | And so, once again, we get more insulin and it dips down, | 于是 我们再一次获得更多胰岛素 再下跌 |
| [31:21] | and that’s why you get the fluctuations in your mood, | 这也就是为什么你的情绪会产生波动 |
| [31:25] | from that sugar spiking and falling. | 因为糖量在飙升和猛降 |
| [31:29] | And the problem with the adrenaline | 而肾上腺素的问题是 |
| [31:32] | is that that can lead to anxiety | 它会导致焦虑 |
| [31:34] | and even panic attacks | 甚至恐慌 |
| [31:36] | because of those mood changes. | 因为这些情绪的变化 |
| [31:40] | Given my experience | 以我的经验来看 |
| [31:42] | of fluctuating blood sugar levels, | 血糖水平的波动 |
| [31:44] | I couldn’t help but think of children | 我会情不自禁地想到 |
| [31:46] | struggling to learn at school. | 在为学习挣扎的孩子们 |
| [31:48] | Could a diet full of hidden sugar | 一个充斥着隐形糖的饮食 |
| [31:50] | be contributing to the problem? | 会是这问题的一部分吗 |
| [31:53] | This has had a very profound impact | 这会深深地影响到 |
| [31:55] | on children’s behaviour, on mental illness. | 儿童的行为和心理疾病 |
| [31:58] | It has exacerbated many different types | 这加剧了不同类型的 |
| [32:01] | of neurological disorders, | 神经系统疾病 |
| [32:02] | but we don’t actually name what the cause is, | 但我们从不言明到底是什么原因导致的 |
| [32:05] | which is the sugar that’s in the diet. | 那是饮食中的糖 |
| [32:07] | Sugar Crisp is candy-coated | 糖脆谷物有一层糖果外衣 |
| [32:09] | right down to the last wheat puff in the box. | 直到盒子里的最后一个小麦泡芙 |
| [32:11] | As a cereal it’s dandy. | 作为谷物早餐 它就是花花公子 |
| [32:13] | For snacks it’s so handy. | 作为零食 它又如此方便 |
| [32:14] | Or eat it like candy. | 它吃起来就像吃糖 |
| [32:15] | Post’s Sugar Crisp. | 宝氏糖脆谷物 |
| [32:28] | Don’t laugh. It’s for the… You know why I’m doing it. | 不要笑 这是为了 你知道我为什么这样做 |
| [32:43] | The speed at which my high-sugar diet | 我的高糖饮食的速度 |
| [32:45] | was affecting me took us all by surprise. | 影响着我 惊讶到了我们所有人 |
| [32:49] | I was going to have to expand the scope of the experiment, | 我要把实验范围拓宽 |
| [32:52] | and this would take me out of town for a few days. | 所以我要离开小镇几天 |
| [33:01] | In 2002 I spent some time with an Aboriginal community | 2002年 我在土著社区待过一段时间 |
| [33:05] | and was stunned by the amount of sugar they consumed. | 他们消耗的糖量把我惊呆了 |
| [33:10] | Like so many indigenous cultures | 和许多当地土著文化一样 |
| [33:11] | introduced to a Western diet, | 糖是由西方传过来的 |
| [33:13] | their relationship with sugar seemed particularly destructive. | 土著人和糖的关系似乎特别容易被破坏 |
| [33:18] | The Aborigines have remarkably little sugar | 他们的饮食中 |
| [33:20] | in their diet. | 糖很少 |
| [33:22] | Two or three small pieces of candy | 两个或三个小块糖果 |
| [33:25] | would be equal to the sum total of the amount of sweetness | 可能和土著人一年下来 |
| [33:28] | that an Aborigine would get in one year. | 的甜度总和相等 |
| [33:33] | In 2008, | 在2008年 |
| [33:34] | Coca-Cola claimed that Australia’s Northern Territory | 可口可乐宣称澳大利亚北领地 |
| [33:37] | was their highest-selling region per capita in the world. | 是他们在世界上人均销售最高的地区 |
| [33:41] | This was, in large part, | 这在很大程度上 |
| [33:43] | due to the local stores in the Aboriginal communities. | 应归功于原始部落社群当地的商店 |
| [33:49] | Just 100km from Uluru is the small town of Amata. | 阿玛塔小镇在距乌鲁鲁[艾尔斯岩石]的100千米处 |
| [33:55] | It has always been alcohol-free, | 这里基本上没人饮酒 |
| [33:58] | but in 2007 its population of just under 400 people | 但在2007年 这里还不到400人的居民 |
| [34:02] | consumed 40,000 litres of soft drink. | 却消耗了四万升软饮料 |
| [34:07] | So one Aboriginal man decided to do something about it. | 所以一个原住民决定做些什么 |
| [34:12] | His name is John Tregenza. | 他的名字叫做约翰·特里根扎 |
| [34:15] | This is his case, this is his putaru | 这是他的包 这是他的普塔鲁头巾 |
| [34:18] | and this is his nickname. | 这个是他的绰号 |
| [34:20] | Why? | 为什么呢 |
| [34:21] | ‘Cause I cut through the bullshit. | 因为我从不说些废话 |
| [34:25] | When I first come up here, in 1973, | 我第一次来这儿 是1973年 |
| [34:28] | I would estimate that, | 我估算一下 |
| [34:30] | say, 10% of the people’s diet came from the store, | 这儿百分之十的人的饮食都来自于商店 |
| [34:34] | and now it’s almost 100%. | 现在这个比例几乎是百分之百 |
| [34:37] | So it was obviously critical that people’s health | 因此商店里面卖些什么 |
| [34:40] | depended on what they were carrying out the store door. | 对于人们的健康来说就是关键 |
| [34:43] | This reliance on the store | 对商店的依赖 |
| [34:45] | has been caused by a variety of environmental changes. | 是由于各种环境变化 |
| [34:48] | The main one being the introduction of a foreign grass | 主要是一种外国草的引进 |
| [34:51] | that took over the plains | 占领了整片草原 |
| [34:53] | and drove away the native plants and animals | 赶走了原生动植物 |
| [34:55] | that had provided bush tucker for centuries. | 原生动植物为人们提供了几个世纪的丛林食物 |
| [35:00] | Being in Amata, it was hard to believe that only 40 years ago | 在阿玛塔 很难相信 仅仅40年前 |
| [35:04] | these people were living predominantly off the land. | 这些人主要靠土地生活 |
| [35:07] | All our families and old people, | 我们所有的家庭和老人 |
| [35:11] | all our grandfathers and great-great-grandparents, | 我们的祖父辈和曾曾曾祖父母 |
| [35:15] | they only eating bush tucker, | 他们只吃丛林食物 |
| [35:18] | like emus, kangaroos, turkey, | 比如鸸鹋 袋鼠 火鸡 |
| [35:22] | wild tomatoes, wild beets. | 野生番茄 野生甜菜 |
| [35:25] | And they were healthy, | 而且他们身体很健康 |
| [35:28] | no sickness. | 根本不生病 |
| [35:30] | And then the white fella came into Australia, | 后来白人来到了澳大利亚 |
| [35:32] | he bring all the sweet things | 带来了所有甜食 |
| [35:35] | like lollies… biscuits, everything. | 比如棒棒糖 饼干 所有东西 |
| [35:41] | With stores filling up | 接着商店逐渐开起来 |
| [35:42] | with highly profitable sugary items | 卖着高盈利的含糖食物 |
| [35:44] | and the community’s health rapidly declining, | 然后社区人群的健康快速衰退 |
| [35:48] | John, his colleagues and a local health council | 约翰 他的同事以及当地一家健康机构 |
| [35:51] | established a program | 成立了一个项目 |
| [35:52] | to ensure people had access to fresh, healthy produce. | 来保证人们能够吃到新鲜健康的产品 |
| [35:57] | They called it Mai Wiru | 该项目被称为麦威瑞项目 |
| [36:05] | The Mai Wiru quickly went to work. | 很快该项目就开始运作了 |
| [36:08] | They removed deep-fryers, added free cold water fountains | 他们将油炸食品下架 增加了免费制冷饮水机 |
| [36:12] | and hired a nutritionist to educate the community. | 雇了一个营养学家给社区做知识普及 |
| [36:16] | For the children, they made music videos | 给孩子们 他们用迷幻蔬菜 |
| [36:18] | with psychedelic vegetables | 制作了音乐视频 |
| [36:20] | and put up these signs on the store’s fridges. | 然后把这些标志贴在商店的冷冻柜上 |
| [36:24] | I put this one to the test | 我把这个放到测试中 |
| [36:26] | and I think they might be onto something. | 我觉得他们做对了一些事情 |
| [36:34] | But, most importantly, the local people were empowered | 但最重要的是 当地人有权利 |
| [36:37] | and began making their own decisions about their health. | 开始自己为自己的健康做决定 |
| [36:41] | The community at Amata decided | 阿玛塔的社区决定 |
| [36:44] | that they were wanting to reduce the amount of sugar intake | 他们想要减少摄入含糖食物 |
| [36:46] | that they were having throughout the community. | 他们在整个社区都宣传过了 |
| [37:04] | The first high-sugar item to go | 撤销的第一个高糖食物 |
| [37:06] | was the black fizzy stuff. | 就是黑色气泡饮料 |
| [37:09] | Then they’ve said, “We don’t want Coke,” | 然后他们说道 我们不想要可乐 |
| [37:10] | so they don’t have Coke. | 所以就没有了可乐 |
| [37:12] | So no-one is upset about it, it is a decision by the elders. | 没有一个人对此感到伤心 这是长者做的决定 |
| [37:15] | And so we don’t have Coke. | 所以 我们没有了可乐 |
| [37:19] | Mai Wiru was working | 麦威瑞项目正在起作用 |
| [37:22] | and in a very short time Amata had | 在很短的时间里 阿玛塔的 |
| [37:24] | the lowest rate of sugar consumption in the region. | 耗糖率在该地区成为了最低 |
| [37:28] | With the level of sugar consumption | 我待过的其他社区 |
| [37:30] | in other communities I’ve been in, it’s astronomical. | 的耗糖量 数字巨大 |
| [37:34] | It is over the top. | 这个项目风头正劲 |
| [37:35] | I think the Mai Wiru group, | 我认为麦威瑞团队 |
| [37:37] | in itself, could teach a lot of the other communities a lot. | 就自身出发 可以教给其他社区很多东西 |
| [37:45] | But just when everything seemed to be headed in the right direction, | 但是正当一切事务似乎都步入正轨的时候 |
| [37:48] | the government slashed Mai Wiru’s funding. | 政府削减了该项目的资金 |
| [37:54] | The organisation is now left with a skeleton of staff, | 组织里面基本没人了 |
| [37:58] | the nutritionist was the first to go. | 营养学家第一个就走了 |
| [37:59] | The Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara people | 讲皮詹加加拉语和杨固尼加加拉语的人 |
| [38:01] | really feel it because it was their idea. | 才真正知道怎么回事 因为这是他们的想法 |
| [38:04] | Like, they’re the ones who saw the problem, | 就比如说 他们才是意识到出了问题的人 |
| [38:09] | they’re the ones who bury their own people, | 他们埋葬了自己的人民 |
| [38:11] | they’re the ones who wanted to make a change | 他们是真正想要做出改变的人 |
| [38:13] | and they’ve been totally ignored, | 但是他们完全被忽视了 |
| [38:17] | overridden and having funding taken off by | 联邦和州政府 |
| [38:20] | the Federal and State governments | 完全不理会他们 也不拨款 |
| [38:22] | and given to a non-Aboriginal organisation. | 他们反而被抛给了非土著组织 |
| [38:24] | It’s really quite outrageous. | 这实在让人无法容忍 |
| [38:29] | The thing that struck me about Amata | 令我吃惊的事是 |
| [38:32] | is that although Coke is gone, | 尽管阿玛塔已经不卖可乐了 |
| [38:34] | without a nutritionist to continue the education | 但是没有营养学家继续给他们普及知识 |
| [38:37] | people are still consuming vast amounts of sugar | 人们还是会去消费大量的 |
| [38:40] | in other products. | 其他含糖产品 |
| [38:44] | And their health is suffering as a consequence. | 所以他们的健康还是遭受影响 |
| [39:04] | There’s a perception abroad | 国外有一种看法 |
| [39:05] | that the problems with obesity and diabetes | 他们认为肥胖和糖尿病 |
| [39:08] | may be related to alcohol, | 和酒精有关系 |
| [39:10] | but here at Amata it’s been a dry community | 但是在阿玛塔一直没人饮酒 |
| [39:12] | ever since it was established, so all of the health problems, | 自从它建立以来 所有的健康问题 |
| [39:16] | including diabetes and kidney failure, | 包括糖尿病和肾衰竭 |
| [39:18] | is all related to the diet. | 都和饮食有关 |
| [39:25] | John offered to take me to a special place | 约翰提议带我去一个特别的地方 |
| [39:28] | where the full effects of a disabled Mai Wiru can be felt. | 那里可以感受到没有了麦威瑞项目所带来的影响 |
| [39:39] | I’ve known almost everyone buried here. | 几乎我认识的每一个人都埋在这里 |
| [39:43] | I’ve got family members buried here. | 我的一些家人也葬在这里 |
| [39:49] | These five graves here are all people under 40. | 这里的五个都是四十岁以下的人的坟墓 |
| [39:54] | That’s another young person in there. | 那里埋的也是个年轻人 |
| [40:01] | A whole group up here of two sisters and a brother | 这里是两个姐妹和一个兄弟 |
| [40:04] | who all passed away from kidney failure. | 他们都是因为肾衰竭过世的 |
| [40:09] | Most of these deaths here are premature | 这里的大多数死亡都是过早的 |
| [40:13] | and could have been avoided with correct diet | 这些死亡本都可以通过正确的饮食和 |
| [40:16] | and access to affordable healthy food. | 摄取健康的食物来避免的 |
| [40:18] | It’s a complete tragedy. | 这完全就是个悲剧 |
| [40:34] | After four days in Amata, | 在阿玛塔呆了四天以后 |
| [40:37] | it occurred to me that what is happening to my body | 我想到 我身体正所经历的变化 |
| [40:40] | is perhaps a concentrated version | 可能正是发生在这里 |
| [40:42] | of what has happened here | 和许多其他本地居民 |
| [40:43] | and in many other Indigenous communities. | 的浓缩版 |
| [40:47] | I’d been sugar-free for a long time | 我已经戒糖很久了 |
| [40:50] | and now, by suddenly subjecting myself to a high-sugar diet, | 但现在 突然之间让我自己接受一个高糖的饮食 |
| [40:54] | the effects have been both rapid and acute. | 影响实在是太快且激烈了 |
| [40:59] | If immediate action isn’t taken | 如果不立马采取措施 |
| [41:01] | to restore the positive direction | 修正到麦威瑞项目曾指明的 |
| [41:03] | that Mai Wiru was heading in, | 正确的方向 |
| [41:05] | then the oldest living culture on earth | 那么 地球上最古老的现存文化 |
| [41:08] | is in great danger of disappearing. | 将很有可能灭绝 |
| [41:23] | Oh, look at that.’ | 哦 看那个 |
| [41:24] | 81.2. | 81 2千克 |
| [41:27] | 81.2 | 81 2千克 |
| [41:29] | -OK, so what’s that in… -1.6 kilos. | -好吧 那是多少 -1 6千克 |
| [41:32] | So in a month I’ve put on five. | 所以一个月内我重了五千克 |
| [41:35] | Something like that. | 差不多 |
| [41:36] | -76. -You started out at 76, yeah. | -七十六千克 -对 你开始是七十六千克 |
| [41:39] | Over five kilos. | 超出五千克了 |
| [41:42] | -Oh, my God. -What? | -我的天啊 -怎么了 |
| [41:45] | Hang on, is that a… Hang on, don’t tell me. | 等等 那是…等等 别告诉我 |
| [41:47] | 91. | 91厘米 |
| [41:49] | -91?! -91. | -91厘米 -91厘米 |
| [41:51] | So, OK, 7cm. | 好吧 那就是七厘米 |
| [41:54] | 7cm. | 七厘米 |
| [41:55] | If I keep going for the next three or four months | 如果我接下来三到四个月 也继续这样 |
| [41:57] | at these levels, would I be knocking on the door of obesity? | 以这样的强度 我是不是就基本上快得肥胖症了 |
| [42:00] | Definitely. You haven’t got far to go. | 绝对的 你已经离它不远了 |
| [42:03] | I’m eating a lot more than I would. | 我吃得比我应该吃的多得多了 |
| [42:05] | Um… I’m snacking a lot more than I would have before. | 嗯 我比以前来说吃太多零食了 |
| [42:08] | I find it very hard to feel full. | 我很难感觉到饱 |
| [42:11] | Not surprising because you’re not eating very much good fats | 这并没什么可惊讶的 因为你没有吃什么好的脂肪 |
| [42:15] | or proteins. | 或者蛋白质 |
| [42:17] | It’s the fat and the protein | 脂肪和蛋白质 |
| [42:18] | that actually helps us feel fuller. | 才是真正帮助我们增加饱腹感的 |
| [42:20] | All the low-fat foods that we’ve been told are good for us | 那些我们被告知是对我们好的 |
| [42:24] | and that we should be eating | 我们应该吃的低脂食物 |
| [42:25] | actually tend to be higher in sugar anyway, | 实际上有更高糖分的倾向 |
| [42:29] | as you know, | 就像你知道的那样 |
| [42:30] | and they’re not helping us to feel full. | 他们并不会让我们有饱腹感 |
| [42:35] | With the effects of sugar | 糖的影响 |
| [42:36] | now clearly taking a toll on me, | 正明显对我的身体造成损害 |
| [42:38] | and having witnessed its devastation in Amata… | 而且 在见证了它对阿玛塔带来的毁灭之后 |
| [42:41] | I’m packing. | 我在打包行李 |
| [42:42] | I needed to talk to some people | 我需要和一些比我 |
| [42:44] | that knew a lot more about the subject than I did. | 更懂糖这东西的人谈谈 |
| [42:46] | Have a look behind you. | 看看你身后 |
| [42:48] | It’s hanging off my cupboard door. | 它挂在橱柜门上呢 |
| [42:50] | It was time to head to | 现在是向 |
| [42:51] | the cultural capital of convenience, | 便利的文化之都 |
| [42:54] | the mecca of the processed food and sugar industry, | 加工食物和糖类产业的朝圣地 |
| [42:57] | and the current number-one-ranked | 如今排名第一的 |
| [42:59] | world obesity champion… | 世界上有最多胖子的地方去了 |
| [43:01] | Look out, America. | 注意 美国 |
| [43:03] | Here comes Sugar Daddy. | 甜爹来啦 |
| [43:28] | So, we’re here in America. | 我们现在在美国 |
| [43:31] | Day one, jet lag. | 第一天 倒时差 |
| [43:33] | So I just went in to Jamba Juice and got me one of these. | 我刚刚去坚宝果汁给自己买了杯这个 |
| [43:39] | 139 grams of sugar. | 一百三十九克糖啊 |
| [43:43] | I actually need the calculator for this. | 我实际上真的需要计算下 |
| [43:44] | That… | 那是 |
| [43:48] | that is 34 teaspoons of sugar… | 那是三十四茶匙的糖 |
| [43:54] | in that drink. | 就这么一杯饮料 |
| [43:55] | 我们始于一个搅拌机和实在的好水果和其它自然原料人工口味 绝不果葡糖浆 绝没有坚宝果汁承诺给您和您的健康保驾护航就是这么简单 | |
| [43:55] | That is nearly my daily allowance in this cup. | 这杯的糖量差不多赶上我一天允许摄取的糖量了 |
| [44:01] | What a great jet lag cure. | 多么棒的时差治愈剂啊 |
| [44:07] | Wow, wow, wow, wow. | 哇 哇 哇 哇 |
| [44:12] | Now, if I was to eat the same amount of sugar | 如果我要摄取和这杯冰沙 |
| [44:14] | that was in that smoothie | 同样量的糖 |
| [44:16] | but the sugar was in its original fruit packaging | 但是通过吃正常水果的方式 |
| [44:19] | I would have to eat four peaches, nine limes, | 那我要吃四个桃子 九个青柠 |
| [44:23] | 30 lemons and 30 strawberries. | 三十个柠檬和三十颗草莓 |
| [44:27] | This might be fine for a bear about to go into hibernation, | 这量对要冬眠的熊来说可能是可以的 |
| [44:30] | but it can have damaging effects for a human | 但对认为自己在做一个健康决定的人来说 |
| [44:32] | who thinks they are making a healthy choice. | 绝对有不好的影响 |
| [44:37] | One of the interesting conflicts today is this idea, | 如今 一个有趣的矛盾 就是这个 |
| [44:41] | pushed by some of our government… | 被我们政府推广的主意 |
| [44:43] | well-meaning government officials, | 好心的政府官员 |
| [44:44] | that if you could just get Coca-Colas out of McDonald’s | 认为如果你能让麦当劳不再卖可乐 |
| [44:48] | and get the kids to drink fruit smoothies they’d be healthier. | 并且让孩子们多喝水果奶昔 他们就会更健康 |
| [44:51] | And yet the fruit smoothies have just as much sugar as a Coca-Cola. | 但水果奶昔和可乐一样是高糖饮料啊 |
| [44:58] | The first thing I noticed with American foods | 我注意到美国食物的第一点 |
| [45:01] | was how difficult it was gonna be to stay under 40 teaspoons. | 是糖量少于四十茶匙是多么困难的事 |
| [45:06] | It wasn’t just the abundance of sugar in the food | 这不仅仅是食物里面富含大量糖 |
| [45:09] | but also the presence of a sweetener | 而且还有叫作 |
| [45:11] | called high fructose corn syrup. | 果葡糖浆的甜味剂 |
| [45:16] | Its primary delivery system is soft drink, | 它最初出现在软饮料里面 |
| [45:19] | which adds roughly 4,000 teaspoons a year | 这给每个美国人的饮食 |
| [45:22] | to the diet of each American. | 增加了每年四千茶匙的糖量 |
| [45:24] | People don’t actually realise | 人们事实上并没有意识到 |
| [45:26] | that high fructose corn syrup and sugar | 果葡糖浆和糖 |
| [45:28] | are virtually identical. | 基本上就是一样的 |
| [45:30] | See, corn refiners back in the 1980s did their best | 看 二十世纪八十年代的玉米精炼厂们竭尽全力 |
| [45:33] | to make sure that people didn’t equate | 来确保人们不会把 |
| [45:35] | high fructose corn syrup with sugar. | 果葡糖浆和糖混为一谈 |
| [45:38] | Flash forward 20 years later, | 快速前进二十年 |
| [45:39] | people are blaming high fructose corn syrup | 人们开始把肥胖的流行 |
| [45:41] | for the obesity epidemic. | 归罪到果葡糖浆上 |
| [45:43] | And now the corn refiners are desperately trying to say | 而如今 玉米精炼厂们又极力解释 |
| [45:46] | that they are sugar, they’re no different, | 果葡糖浆就是糖 他们没什么区别 |
| [45:49] | and the sugar industry’s going, “No, you’re not. | 而糖产业则说 不 不是的 |
| [45:51] | “You’re entirely different.” | 你完全就和我们不一样 |
| [45:58] | With sugar and high fructose corn syrup | 因为糖和果葡糖浆 |
| [46:00] | now in the spotlight, | 现在被放到聚光灯下 |
| [46:02] | I notice that companies are using | 我注意到各种公司 |
| [46:03] | a range of seductive names | 给其它果糖为基础的甜味剂 |
| [46:05] | 有机 椰子 树糖 | |
| [46:05] | for other fructose-based sweeteners. | 取了一系列有诱惑力的名字 |
| [46:10] | Any sugar… | 任何糖类 |
| [46:11] | brown sugar, white sugar, high fructose corn syrup, | 红糖 白糖 果葡糖浆 |
| [46:16] | fruit juice concentrate from fruit juice… | 果汁里萃取的果汁浓缩液 |
| [46:18] | equal effect on your health. | 对你的健康有相同的影响 |
| [46:31] | Not feeling very well at all today. | 今天感觉不是很好 |
| [46:33] | Nauseous in my stomach and had a headache all morning. | 我的胃有些恶心 整个早上都头疼 |
| [46:37] | And it’s interesting, ’cause we’re driving through | 现在挺有意思的 因为我们正在开车穿过 |
| [46:39] | rural America now, we’re in North Carolina. | 美国的农村地区 我们现在在卡罗莱纳州北部 |
| [46:48] | It’s so hard to get any kind of decent food. | 这一路很难找到什么好一点的食物 |
| [46:52] | There are signs that say ‘food exit’, | 路上会有写着 食物出口 的标志 |
| [46:54] | but that food is either McDonald’s | 但那基本上不是麦当劳 |
| [46:56] | or Taco Bell or KFC. | 就是塔可钟或者肯德基 |
| [46:59] | It’s impossible. | 这简直不可思议 |
| [47:00] | And if you grow up as a kid and this is your only experience of food | 如果你在这儿长大 那些就是你能尝到的 |
| [47:04] | and what food is, | 知道的食物了 |
| [47:06] | it’s little wonder that there’s a massive problem | 所以在这个国家有这么严重的肥胖问题 |
| [47:09] | in this country. | 也不足为奇了 |
| [47:47] | The next stop was Barbourville, Kentucky. | 我们的下一站是肯塔基州的巴伯维尔 |
| [47:51] | In the great cola wars of the 1990s, | 在二十世纪九十年代的可乐大战中 |
| [47:53] | Pepsi and Coke were engaged in a fierce battle. | 百事和可口可乐之间有一场激烈的战斗 |
| [47:57] | The Pepsi army took a strong foothold | 百事军队在肯塔基州 |
| [47:59] | in the state of Kentucky | 建立了强健的据点 |
| [48:02] | and their number-one sniper is the drink Mountain Dew. | 他们的头号阻击手就是饮料激浪 |
| [48:06] | In this 1.25-litre bottle | 在一瓶1 25升的激浪里面 |
| [48:08] | you’ll find 37 teaspoons of sugar | 你可以找到三十七茶匙的糖 |
| [48:11] | and 40% more caffeine than the same | 并且 和同样容量的可乐相比 |
| [48:13] | size bottle of Coke. | 它多了百分之四十的咖啡因 |
| [48:17] | The people of Kentucky have understandably had | 肯塔基州的人们可理解地 |
| [48:19] | some problems with their teeth, | 有些牙齿问题 |
| [48:21] | and one dentist is doing something about it. | 而牙医正在尝试着对此做些什么 |
| [48:25] | His name is Edwin Smith. | 他的名字叫埃德温·史密斯 |
| [48:28] | This is his letterbox, this is his daughter | 这是他的信箱 这是他女儿 |
| [48:30] | and this is him as a collectable figurine. | 而这是一个可收集的小雕塑的他 |
| [48:34] | Edwin drives around the state of Kentucky in RVs | 埃德温开着休旅车在肯塔基州到处跑 |
| [48:37] | he has converted into mobile dental clinics. | 他把它改装成了一个移动牙科诊所 |
| [48:40] | He and his team visit schools, educate the kids | 他和他的团队拜访学校 教育孩子们 |
| [48:43] | and treat their teeth. | 还治疗他们的牙齿 |
| [48:45] | Early in my practice | 在我早期的业务中 |
| [48:46] | I saw these patients who would have this unusual decay, | 我看到这些病人们有这种不寻常的蛀牙 |
| [48:50] | brown decay, around the gum line, | 棕色的 沿着牙床 |
| [48:52] | usually the front teeth. | 经常是门牙 |
| [48:53] | Most of these people were addicted to Mountain Dew, | 大部分的人都特别对激浪 |
| [48:55] | in particular. | 上瘾 |
| [48:57] | And that’s where we came up with the term | 这就让我们想出了 |
| [49:00] | ‘Mountain Dew mouth’. | 一个别称 激浪嘴 |
| [49:04] | I’ve talked to some kids who say they may drink 10 a day. | 我和一些自称能每天喝十罐的孩子谈了谈 |
| [49:07] | They started drinking it so early | 他们很早就开始喝了 |
| [49:08] | that they don’t know when they started. | 早到他们都忘了自己是什么时候开始的 |
| [49:10] | Mountain Dew will tickle your innards | 激浪会让你的内脏发痒 |
| [49:13] | ’cause there’s a bang in every bottle. | 因为每瓶里面都有些刺激 |
| [49:15] | They take the lid off, they take a drink. | 他们拿掉瓶盖 他们开喝 |
| [49:17] | 20 minutes or so, it starts to wear off | 二十分钟后 刺激感就开始消退了 |
| [49:19] | and they take another drink. | 于是他们就开始喝另一罐 |
| [49:20] | It takes the oral cavity about 20 minutes | 口腔要花二十分钟 |
| [49:23] | to cleanse itself naturally with saliva, | 去用口水清洁自己 |
| [49:25] | so if you’re taking a drink every 20 minutes, | 所以 如果你每二十分钟都要喝一罐 |
| [49:27] | it’s as though you’re bathing your teeth in this all day long. | 这基本上就是你整天就让牙齿浸泡在汽水里了 |
| [49:37] | What’s the youngest kids that you treat? | 你治疗过的最小的孩子几岁 |
| [49:39] | Sometimes 3-year-olds, | 有时三岁的 |
| [49:40] | 3-, 4-year-olds that have a lot of tooth decay. | 三岁 四岁的孩子 他们有很多蛀牙 |
| [49:43] | And those are usually what they call baby bottle tooth decay, | 那些经常被称为宝宝蛀牙 |
| [49:48] | and that’s from having juices in baby bottles. | 那些蛀牙因为他们用宝宝瓶来喝果汁 |
| [49:51] | Sometimes it’s from having soft drinks in the baby bottles, too. | 有时也是因为他们拿宝宝瓶来喝汽水 |
| [49:56] | Do you do the majority of your treatments in Kentucky? | 你大部分的治疗都是在肯塔基州进行的吗 |
| [49:58] | -Yes. Yeah. -OK. | -是 是的 -好的 |
| [50:01] | It’s eastern Kentucky, the Appalachian region, | 这是肯塔基州东部 阿巴拉契亚 |
| [50:03] | the mountains. | 山脉地区 |
| [50:04] | That’s the poorest region in the state. | 那是肯塔基州最贫困的地区 |
| [50:05] | It’s directly related to poverty. | 这直接就等于贫穷 |
| [50:08] | Yep. | 是的 |
| [50:19] | It’s pretty common for people around here | 对这儿的人来说 |
| [50:21] | to drink a lot of pop. | 喝很多汽水是特普通平常的一件事 |
| [50:23] | Mainly it’s Mountain Dew and Pepsi. | 主要是激浪和百事可乐 |
| [50:25] | This is 17-year-old Larry Hammons. | 这位是十七岁的拉里·哈蒙斯 |
| [50:28] | He’s lived in Kentucky all his life. | 他一生都生活在肯塔基州 |
| [50:31] | This is his tatt, this is his favourite T-shirt | 这是他的纹身 这是他最喜欢的T恤 |
| [50:34] | and these are his teeth. | 这些是他的牙齿 |
| [50:39] | My 18th birthday’s in eight days | 再过八天 就是我的十八岁生日了 |
| [50:41] | and, I mean, | 我的意思是 |
| [50:43] | people look down upon me because of my teeth. | 人们因为我的牙就看不起我 |
| [50:46] | As I was a kid I was never worried about my teeth | 从我小时候开始 我就从来没担心过我的牙 |
| [50:49] | and I would just take a pop everywhere I went | 我到哪都带着一瓶汽水 |
| [50:51] | and I’d always have one in my hand. | 而且我总是拿着一瓶 |
| [50:54] | And how old do you reckon you were | 你还记得自己是什么时候 |
| [50:55] | when you had your first Mountain Dew, like, how old? | 开始喝激浪的 大概多大的时候 |
| [50:57] | I would probably say two or three. | 可能两岁或者三岁那样把 |
| [51:00] | And how much a day would you say you have? | 那你每天会喝几罐 |
| [51:03] | I would say at least four or five bottles. | 我会说差不多四到五瓶把 |
| [51:05] | If it was cans, I would say at least a 12-pack. | 如果是罐装的话 大概至少十二罐吧 |
| [51:09] | 12 cans a day. | 十二罐一天 |
| [51:11] | Man, are there people doing that in this town? | 天哪 镇子里还有其他这样的人吗 |
| [51:14] | Yeah. | 是的 |
| [51:15] | What about… You were talking about your cousin before. | 那 你之前谈到你表弟 |
| [51:17] | I would say about six or seven cans a day, | 我猜每天六到七罐吧 |
| [51:21] | and he’s only three years old. | 毕竟他才三岁 |
| [51:25] | Wow. And how does he… Does he drink it from the can? | 哇 那他怎么 他直接从罐子里面喝吗 |
| [51:27] | No, from a bottle. She puts it in his bottle. | 不 从瓶子里 他妈妈会帮他放到他的小瓶子里 |
| [51:36] | Edwin is meeting Larry today | 埃德温今天要见拉里 |
| [51:38] | because he plans to remove all of his teeth | 因为他打算拔掉他所有的牙齿 |
| [51:40] | and replace them with dentures. | 然后全部用假牙代替 |
| [51:44] | He has 26 teeth that need to be extracted altogether. | 他总共要拔掉二十六颗牙齿 |
| [51:49] | I’d like to say that that’s really rare but it’s not. | 我很想说这很少见 但其实一点都不 |
| [51:52] | -You doing OK, Larry? -Yeah, pretty good. | -你感觉怎么样 拉里 -嗯 挺好的 |
| [51:55] | -Nervous. -OK. | -有点紧张 -好的 |
| [51:56] | Have you got any questions about today? | 你对今天有什么问题吗 |
| [51:58] | -Yeah. -What? | -有 -是什么 |
| [52:00] | When can we get this started? | 我们什么时候能开始 |
| [52:12] | Can we get his mom in here? OK. | 我们能让他妈妈呆在这里吗 好的 |
| [52:14] | I don’t want no pain for him. I wish I could take it for him. | 我不希望他有什么痛 我希望我能代替他来承受 |
| [53:34] | You’re doing well, mate. | 你做得很棒 伙计 |
| [53:37] | Hell no. | 哦不 |
| [53:39] | You’re a brave man. | 你是个勇敢的人 |
| [53:40] | My blood pressure is saying, “Whoosh.” | 我的血压像在说 嗖 |
| [53:42] | Yeah. | 是的 |
| [53:44] | Well, right now, Larry doesn’t feel numb, | 好吧 现在 拉里并没有感到麻木 |
| [53:46] | and I think we have a couple of factors playing a role in that. | 而且我认为这是好几个因素引起的 |
| [53:49] | One is that he’s very nervous and the adrenaline’s flowing, | 一个就是 他太紧张了 肾上腺素正在飙升 |
| [53:53] | and the other is that he has infection in there | 另外就是他那里感染了 |
| [53:57] | and has had infection for some time, | 而且感染有一会儿了 |
| [53:58] | so the anaesthetic does not take effect as well. | 所以麻醉剂没法起作用 |
| [54:02] | The condition his teeth are in now | 从他的牙齿现在的状况 |
| [54:04] | you know he’s suffered a lot before he’s even been here, | 你就能知道他在来之前就已经痛得不行了 |
| [54:06] | so he knows what pain is. | 所以他太知道什么叫痛了 |
| [54:11] | Due to infection, | 因为感染 |
| [54:12] | no amount of anaesthetic would work on Larry’s gums, | 多少量麻醉剂都不会在拉里的牙床里起作用 |
| [54:16] | so Edwin has decided to postpone the procedure | 所以埃德温决定把手术延期 |
| [54:18] | for another day. | 到其他日子 |
| [54:23] | When contacted, Pepsi said that in moderation | 联系到百事之后 他们认为适量的 |
| [54:26] | Mountain Dew is part of a healthy, balanced diet. | 激浪是一个健康平衡饮食的一部分 |
| [54:30] | But I would argue that any drink with that much sugar | 但我可以反驳说 任何含有那么多糖分 |
| [54:32] | and caffeine in it | 和咖啡因的饮料 |
| [54:34] | is quite difficult to have in moderation. | 是有点难 适度 饮用的 |
| [54:39] | In fact, despite sitting through Larry’s ordeal, | 事实上 尽管我陪着拉里经历了这么大的折磨 |
| [54:41] | the biggest shock came when Larry told me | 我最惊讶的 还是当拉里告诉我 |
| [54:44] | that he still loved Mountain Dew and would continue to drink it. | 他依然热爱激浪而且他还会继续喝下去的 |
| [54:56] | Hi, honey.’ Oh, it was an amazing day. | 嗨 宝贝儿 哦 今天过得可好了 |
| [54:59] | When you think of Amata and now this, | 当你想到阿玛塔 然后这事儿 |
| [55:02] | you’re seeing the direct effects of what sugar’s doing, | 你已经见证了糖对人体的直接影响 |
| [55:05] | and the companies, they just don’t see it | 而那些食品公司 他们就完全看不到 |
| [55:08] | because they’re… they’re worried about making money, | 因为他们 他们正愁着怎么挣钱呢 |
| [55:11] | they’re not on the ground level seeing the effects, | 他们并没有在基层看到那些影响 |
| [55:14] | and they don’t care, really. | 而且 说真的 他们也不在乎 |
| [55:15] | And I spoke to the dentist about, like, | 我和牙医谈了 像 |
| [55:18] | what Pepsi have done about it and stuff, and he said, | 百事就这事是怎么处理的 然后 他说 |
| [55:20] | “Oh, look, they contacted me and said, | 哦 他们联系我了 然后说 |
| [55:22] | “‘Look, we really wanna help you out, ‘” | 听着 我们真心想帮助你们 |
| [55:24] | and, you know, so they’ve bought an RV, | 然后 他们给送来了辆休旅车 |
| [55:26] | another car to help with the kids, but he’s, like, | 又一辆车来帮助孩子们 但 他 就像 |
| [55:29] | “Look, yeah, it’s good,” | 听着 是的 这挺好的 |
| [55:30] | but they don’t really need an RV, they need education. | 但他们真的不需要休旅车 他们需要教育 |
| [55:34] | But, as he said today… | 但 就像他现在说的一样 |
| [55:35] | They need to not drink Mountain Dew every day. | 孩子们需要别每天都喝激浪了 |
| [55:38] | But, as he said, they’re not gonna educate the kids | 但 就像他说的那样 他们并没有去教育孩子们 |
| [55:40] | ’cause that means they’ll stop drinking it, | 因为这就意味着孩子们就不喝了 |
| [55:41] | and that’s a disaster for them. | 对他们来说 那会是灾难 |
| [55:52] | My experience with Larry | 通过和拉里相处的经历 |
| [55:54] | led me to a Pulitzer Prize-winning author | 让我认识了一个得过普利策奖的作者 |
| [55:57] | who has written extensively on how the food giants | 他专门写那些食物公司巨头们 |
| [56:00] | have got us hooked on their products. | 如何让我们对其产品上瘾 |
| [56:03] | You can’t underestimate | 你不能低估 |
| [56:06] | the amount of scientific effort | 那些公司为了 |
| [56:09] | that these companies will put into | 将自己产品的诱惑提升到最大化 |
| [56:12] | maximising the allure of their products. | 而投入的科技成本 |
| [56:17] | Understanding the sort of fundamentals | 我们需要理解我们是如何尝出味道 |
| [56:20] | of how we taste | 为什么我们渴望味道 |
| [56:21] | and why we crave and what makes food addictive. | 以及什么使食物变得让人上瘾 这一系列基本原理 |
| [56:27] | I was lucky enough to spend some time | 我很幸运 能够和 |
| [56:27] | 《盐 糖 脂肪-食物产品巨头是 如何让我们上钩的》作者 | |
| [56:29] | with a legend in the processed food industry. | 加工食品业的传奇 聊一聊 |
| [56:33] | His name is Howard Moskowitz. | 他的名字叫霍华德·莫斯科维兹 |
| [56:35] | And he walked me through his recent creation | 他带我了解了他近期 |
| [56:38] | of a new soda flavour for Dr Pepper. | 为胡椒博士创造的一种新口味的汽水 |
| [56:42] | He started with 61 levels of sweeteners in the formulation, | 他从配方里面的六十一种不同程度的甜味剂开始 |
| [56:48] | subjected that to more than 3,000 | 参考了全国近三千 |
| [56:51] | consumer taste tests around the country, | 顾客的味觉测试 |
| [56:54] | then took that data | 然后使用了那数据 |
| [56:56] | and out came the optimum level of sweetness | 得出了最佳的甜味程度 |
| [57:01] | that was guaranteed to send their new soda | 这最佳甜味程度保证了 |
| [57:05] | flying off the shelf. | 胡椒博士的新汽水迅速脱销 |
| [57:16] | Behind the closed doors of industry, | 在这产业紧闭的门背后 |
| [57:18] | this optimal amount of sugar | 这最佳的糖量 |
| [57:20] | is referred to as ‘the bliss point’. | 被称为 满足点 |
| [57:26] | Back in the 1970s, | 在二十世纪七十年代的时候 |
| [57:27] | Howard Moskowitz discovered | 霍华德·莫斯科维兹发现 |
| [57:29] | that as you increase the amount of sugar in a product | 如果你增加食物里面糖的含量 |
| [57:32] | people liked it more and more. | 人们会越来越喜欢它 |
| [57:34] | But then they peaked | 但之后这种喜欢会达到高峰 |
| [57:35] | and if any more sugar was added | 如果再往里面加糖 |
| [57:37] | then they stopped liking it. | 人们就不会喜欢它了 |
| [57:39] | So I discovered the bliss point, | 所以我发现了 满足点 |
| [57:41] | and that’s what it was christened… the bliss point. | 然后它就被命名为了 满足点 |
| [57:43] | Well, fast forward 45 years later, it means pasta sauce, | 向前快进四十五年 这意味着意面酱 |
| [57:48] | it means sodas, it means cereals. | 意味着汽水 意味着麦片 |
| [57:52] | Creating bliss points in products all over the place | 到处都在食物中创造各种满足点 |
| [57:56] | is exploiting the biology of the child. | 这就是在开发探索孩子们的生物学啊 |
| [58:01] | You know, it’s created this expectation in kids | 所以 在孩子们心中就有了这种期望 |
| [58:04] | that everything they eat should taste sweet, | 他们期望他们吃的所有东西都应该是甜的 |
| [58:09] | so when you get to the vegetable aisle, right, | 所以当你尝试做一些蔬菜 |
| [58:13] | and you’re trying to get little Mikey to eat that broccoli | 然后你想让小麦克吃掉那些西兰花 |
| [58:16] | and he starts tasting those bitter notes, right, | 他就会开始尝出西兰花里面的苦味 |
| [58:18] | instead of sweetness, you know, | 而不是甜味 |
| [58:20] | you’re in for a load of trouble as a parent. | 然后作为家长的你 就有一大堆麻烦了 |
| [58:28] | It’s understandable that our palates have adjusted | 当我们有这种对甜的原始欲望时 |
| [58:30] | to all of these blissed out foods | 我们的味蕾已经调整好 |
| [58:32] | when we have such a primal desire for sweet. | 去接受食物里面的好的味道 |
| [58:37] | Even Mother Nature herself has created a berry | 甚至大自然自己也创造了一种莓子 |
| [58:40] | that makes everything taste sweet. | 它能使你吃的任何东西都变甜 |
| [58:44] | So, in front of me I have three food items | 所以 在我面前 有三种我并不是 |
| [58:49] | that it’s fair to say I don’t enjoy. | 那么中意的食物 |
| [58:51] | This here piping hot chilli, this here sour lemon | 这是极辣的辣椒 这是酸柠檬 |
| [58:56] | and this nasty bottle of apple cider vinegar. | 然后这是瓶恶心的苹果醋 |
| [59:01] | But apparently | 但显然 |
| [59:03] | if I put this miracle berry onto my tongue | 如果我把这个奇迹莓放到我舌头上 |
| [59:07] | and then eat those things, | 然后吃这些东西 |
| [59:11] | it’s supposed to make them taste sweet. | 它会使这些东西尝起来有点甜 |
| [59:25] | No way! | 不可能 |
| [59:30] | That’s an orange. | 那尝起来像桔子 |
| [59:34] | I’m dubious. | 我有点困惑了 |
| [59:44] | When it hit my throat it was really intense, | 当它到我喉咙的时候 它特别强烈 |
| [59:47] | but in the mouth… | 但在嘴里的时候 |
| [59:50] | I don’t know what it tasted like. | 我不知道它尝起来像什么 |
| [59:51] | Maybe, um… lemonade kind of thing. | 可能 嗯 有点像柠檬水 |
| [59:54] | Wasn’t too sweet, but it was not apple cider vinegar. | 不是很甜 但也没有像苹果醋 |
| [1:00:00] | But this has got me nervous. | 这让我紧张起来了 |
| [1:00:02] | I do not like chilli at all. | 我一点都不喜欢辣椒 |
| [1:00:15] | Please work. | 希望会有效果 |
| [1:00:24] | Nothing. | 我不觉得辣 |
| [1:00:25] | Oh! It’s hit my throat, though! | 哦 天哪 喉咙像是在着火 |
| [1:00:29] | There’s no miracle berry on my oesophagus. | 我的食道里面可没有什么奇迹莓 |
| [1:00:33] | Damn. | 可恶 |
| [1:00:36] | This experiment with my tastebuds | 这个味蕾实验 |
| [1:00:38] | made me realise what the food companies have always known… | 让我意识到了食品公司已知很久的事 |
| [1:00:42] | that adding sweetness can make anything palatable. | 在任何食物中增加糖分会使之更加好吃 |
| [1:00:45] | I’m so sorry. | 不好意思 |
| [1:00:48] | Well, almost anything. | 额 几乎所有事物 |
| [1:00:58] | It was now day 35, and the rule of the experiment | 现在是第三十五天 我发现越来越难遵守的实验规则 |
| [1:01:01] | I was finding increasingly hard to maintain was exercise. | 就是运动了 |
| [1:01:06] | My motivation had plummeted. | 我的积极性骤降 |
| [1:01:08] | My heart hurts. | 我的心脏疼 |
| [1:01:24] | Hello, Sharon. | 你好 莎伦 |
| [1:01:25] | How are you feeling? | 感觉怎么样 |
| [1:01:28] | Well, if you could see me you would not recognise me, | 如果你见到我的话 你不会认出我的 |
| [1:01:32] | ’cause there’s a few pimples that have arrived, | 我长了一些粉刺 |
| [1:01:34] | there’s a lot of fat and fullness in my face, | 脸上胖了许多 |
| [1:01:37] | and my tummy is really quite something to behold. | 肚子上加了游泳圈 |
| [1:01:41] | I can’t fit into my favourite new shorts anymore, | 我没法再穿上我喜欢的新短裤了 |
| [1:01:44] | which is a bit disappointing. | 这件事情真的让人沮丧 |
| [1:01:46] | When did the pimples break out? | 什么时候出现的粉刺 |
| [1:01:50] | About three days ago. | 大约三天前 |
| [1:01:51] | Um… it’s probably your liver reacting. | 嗯 或许是你的肝脏作出的反应 |
| [1:01:57] | Often skin conditions are related | 通常皮肤问题 |
| [1:02:01] | to poor liver functioning. | 是和肝脏机能下降联系在一起的 |
| [1:02:04] | So, if someone’s on a sort of, like, high-processed sugar diet, | 如果一个人的饮食含糖量过高 |
| [1:02:11] | you’ll see it in their skin. | 会体现在皮肤上 |
| [1:02:12] | Whether they’re here or they’re just really drawn and lethargic. | 不论是这样还是无精打采的 |
| [1:02:21] | Sugar’s effects on me physically were obvious, | 糖对我身体上的影响是非常明显的 |
| [1:02:24] | but my cravings for it and the mental toll it was taking | 但是我对糖的渴望以及糖对我的精神损害 |
| [1:02:28] | prompted me to explore what it was doing to my brain. | 促使我去探索糖对我的大脑产生什么样的影响 |
| [1:02:33] | So I took my pimply face to the Oregon Research Institute. | 所以 我带着我的粉刺脸 来到了俄勒冈研究所 |
| [1:02:39] | This group of scientists, who I’m trusting enormously, | 这一组我非常信任的科学家 |
| [1:02:42] | own this colossal magnetic sucking machine | 他们拥有这个巨大的磁力吸引机器 |
| [1:02:45] | called an FMRI… | 叫做 功能性磁共振成像仪 |
| [1:02:47] | which they are going to put me and my brain into. | 他们将把我的大脑置入其内 |
| [1:02:52] | They will then show me images of this high-sugar, | 他们会给我看含糖量高的 |
| [1:02:54] | low-fat milkshake and then feed me the milkshake | 低脂奶昔的图片 |
| [1:02:57] | Nthrough a special megastraw. | 并且通过一种特殊的管子让我食用这种奶昔 |
| [1:03:03] | and show me how it reacted. | 并且向我展示产生了怎样的反应 |
| [1:03:05] | Wow. | 哇哦 |
| [1:03:13] | Now I’m gonna climb into my own brain | 现在 我要爬进我的大脑里 |
| [1:03:15] | and see what effects sugar just had on it. | 来看一看糖是如何影响大脑的 |
| [1:03:29] | Now, the first step is that we see what’s called a cue, | 首先 大脑要接收到刺激 |
| [1:03:32] | or a trigger… | 接收到那个 诱因 |
| [1:03:34] | which, in my case, was the milkshake. | 在我的这个例子里面 是奶昔 |
| [1:03:36] | It can be a picture of one or the real thing. | 它可以是事物的照片 或是真实的事物本身 |
| [1:03:39] | Now, when we see this sugary cue, or trigger, | 现在我们接收到了这个视觉刺激 |
| [1:03:42] | a chemical called dopamine is released in our brain. | 大脑会释放一种叫做多巴胺的化学物质 |
| [1:03:45] | This is an evolutionary urge when sweetness was rare, | 在之前糖是稀缺的时候 这是进化产生的欲望 |
| [1:03:48] | so when we saw it, our brain said, “Get that, | 所以 当我们看到它的时候 大脑会说 |
| [1:03:51] | “’cause you need it for quick energy and to feel good.” | 去吃吧 你需要糖类来提供能量而且你会感觉舒服 |
| [1:03:55] | Now, the next step is that we get the sugary item. | 下一步呢 我们就会摄入含糖的食物 |
| [1:03:58] | We bring it to our mouth and we taste its sweetness. | 把糖放在嘴里 感受它的甜味 |
| [1:04:02] | It’s then that chemicals called opioids | 此时 类罂粟碱 |
| [1:04:09] | Sugar loads have the same reward areas as nicotine, | 糖分摄入的奖励区域和尼古丁 |
| [1:04:12] | cocaine and sex! | 可卡因 或者性爱的奖励区域是一样的 |
| [1:04:17] | But it doesn’t last long. | 可惜这种感觉没法持续 |
| [1:04:19] | Now, if some of us eat sugary foods often enough | 如果我们经常吃含糖食物 |
| [1:04:22] | and establish this happy feeling of reward, | 并且建立这种快乐感的奖励机制 |
| [1:04:24] | it can create subconscious or mindless habits, | 这样做的话会产生潜意识的习惯 |
| [1:04:27] | which are easily triggered by more images of sugary foods. | 这种习惯很容易被更多糖类食物的照片所激发 |
| [1:04:33] | Throw into the mix that the fructose half of sugar | 糖里面的果糖的部分 |
| [1:04:36] | also affects our appetite control centres, | 会影响我们的食欲控制中心 |
| [1:04:38] | plus the glucose half affects our moods, | 而葡萄糖部分则会影响我们的情绪 |
| [1:04:41] | and suddenly we have a very volatile combination | 一瞬间 我们手中 |
| [1:04:43] | on our hands. | 就有了一非常不稳定的结合物 |
| [1:04:47] | One of the very interesting emerging findings | 文献中其中 |
| [1:04:50] | in this literature is | 有趣的一项发现是 |
| [1:04:52] | the more you eat high-sugar foods, | 摄入越多的高糖分食物 |
| [1:04:54] | the more you’re gonna desire high-sugar foods | 你就会越渴望摄入高糖分的食物 |
| [1:04:57] | and wanna continue eating them. | 并且希望持续摄入 |
| [1:05:02] | This desire to wanna keep eating more sugary foods | 这种渴望持续摄入高糖分食物的欲望 |
| [1:05:06] | sounds a lot like addictive behaviour. | 听起来很像一种上瘾行为 |
| [1:05:11] | Serge Ahmed, who’s now in Bordeaux, in France, | 塞尔日·阿曼 现居法国波尔多 |
| [1:05:15] | published a really cool study where he basically showed that | 发表了一项实验成果 |
| [1:05:20] | rats will work harder for sugar than they will for cocaine. | 表明比起可卡因 老鼠会愿意为了糖做出更多的努力 |
| [1:05:24] | Unlike the drug dealer, who’s, you know, | 不像那些毒品交易者 |
| [1:05:26] | squired away some place hiding, | 偷偷躲在某个角落 |
| [1:05:29] | the food giants are in your face everywhere you go. | 那些食物巨头的广告是无处不在的 |
| [1:05:37] | In the boardrooms of these food giants, | 在那些食物巨头的会议室里 |
| [1:05:39] | ‘addiction’ is a dirty word. | 上瘾 是个肮脏的词汇 |
| [1:05:42] | When it comes to obesity and illness, | 当谈起肥胖和疾病 |
| [1:05:45] | the food industry have always argued that people need to take | 食品行业总会坚持认为 个人需要 |
| [1:05:47] | personal responsibility for their food choices. | 为自己的食物选择负责 |
| [1:05:51] | When it comes to eating, | 当谈到吃的时候 |
| [1:05:52] | fat people are basically very stupid. | 胖子通常很愚蠢 |
| [1:05:54] | No, but, you see, I was away this weekend | 不是的 这周我不在家 |
| [1:05:56] | and it is difficult in friends’ houses. | 而在朋友房子里 要保持是非常困难的 |
| [1:05:57] | OK, Mrs Wright, no more chocolates. | 好了 莱特夫人 不要再吃巧克力了 |
| [1:06:02] | For more than 50 years, | 在不止五十年间的时间里 |
| [1:06:04] | the food industry has insisted that obesity is caused | 食品行业的人坚持说肥胖是由过多卡路里 |
| [1:06:07] | by too many calories and not enough exercise. | 可同时没有足够的运动引起的 |
| [1:06:10] | Which implies that anyone overweight | 这暗示了 那些超重的人 |
| [1:06:13] | is simply lazy or greedy. | 要么懒惰 要么贪婪 |
| [1:06:18] | OK, so, we just passed halfway. | 我们的实验才进行到一半 |
| [1:06:21] | And I’ve never counted calories in my life. | 我一生中从来没有计算我我的卡路里摄入量 |
| [1:06:25] | I’m trying my best in this experiment. | 我尽量为实验表现的最好 |
| [1:06:27] | It’s hard to be accurate, obviously. | 很明显的 要做到精确很难 |
| [1:06:29] | But it looks like my calories so far are pretty much | 可是 目前看来 我的卡路里摄入 |
| [1:06:35] | exactly the same as they were pre-experiment. | 和实验之前 基本一样 |
| [1:06:38] | And that feels strange because | 这感觉很奇怪 |
| [1:06:40] | I feel like I’m eating a lot more. | 因为我感觉上好像是吃了好多 |
| [1:06:42] | But I can see here that | 可是我能看出来 |
| [1:06:44] | when I was eating, pre-experiment, | 实验之前 我吃 |
| [1:06:45] | avocado and nuts and stuff, | 鳄梨和坚果什么的 |
| [1:06:47] | there’s a lot more calories in fat than there is in sugar. | 脂类物质中的卡路里远远比糖类里面的要高 |
| [1:06:50] | So… in fact, it’s half. | 事实上 差不多是二比一的关系 |
| [1:06:52] | Like, nine calories per gram of fat | 比如 每克脂肪中含有九卡 |
| [1:06:55] | whereas sugar’s only got four calories, | 而每克糖类只有四卡 |
| [1:06:57] | so I can see why we’re told that sugar’s OK | 所以我现在明白 为什么说食用糖类是好的 |
| [1:06:59] | and don’t eat fat, | 为什么不要摄入脂肪 |
| [1:07:00] | ’cause there’s less calories. | 因为糖类的卡路里相对少 |
| [1:07:02] | But… I’m eating the same amount of calories | 可是 当我像以前一样摄入等量的卡路里 |
| [1:07:05] | as I did before but my liver’s turned to fat, | 我的肝脏脂肪含量增加 |
| [1:07:09] | my belly’s chasing my lady’s. | 我的肚子快赶上我怀孕的女友的肚子了 |
| [1:07:13] | It’s doing something to my brain, we know that now. | 我们现在知道 这会对我的大脑有影响 |
| [1:07:17] | And I’m not feeling full. | 而且现在我觉得饿 |
| [1:07:21] | So it feels like the calories from sugar | 所以我觉得糖类中的卡路里 |
| [1:07:23] | behave very differently to other calories. | 与其他的卡路里的表现不同 |
| [1:07:27] | The sugar industry absolutely depended on this idea | 糖类产业很依赖的理念是 |
| [1:07:31] | that it’s just about energy balance. | 这只是能量平衡的问题 |
| [1:07:33] | ‘Cause if there’s something uniquely deleterious | 如果说 |
| [1:07:35] | about sugar… | 糖类有特殊的害处的话 |
| [1:07:39] | then they’re in the realm that cigarettes are in, | 那么它的处境就和香烟一样 |
| [1:07:41] | tobacco and lung cancer. | 会让人想起烟草和肺癌的关系 |
| [1:07:44] | But if it’s just about eating too much | 可是 如果仅仅是暴饮暴食的话 |
| [1:07:45] | or not exercising too little, | 或者说是因为运动量太小 |
| [1:07:47] | if a calorie of sugar is no different than | 如果糖分中的卡路里 |
| [1:07:49] | a calorie of broccoli, they’re fine. | 和花椰菜中的卡路里没有不同 那就没关系了 |
| [1:07:52] | Just tell people to moderate their weight… | 仅仅告诉人们去调整他们的体重 |
| [1:07:55] | if you’re getting fat, eat less and that’s all there is. | 如果你正在变胖 少吃点就好了 |
| [1:07:58] | So the sugar industry also sort of pushed this idea | 糖类产业还推行这个思想 |
| [1:08:01] | that a calorie is a calorie is a calorie, | 卡路里就是卡路里 没有什么区别 |
| [1:08:03] | and yet these calories do | 可是 事实上 |
| [1:08:04] | dramatically different things in the human body, | 这些卡路里对人体的影响是显著不同的 |
| [1:08:06] | and they always have. | 一向如此 |
| [1:08:13] | It’s become clear to me | 现在我弄明白一件事情 |
| [1:08:15] | that in the search for profits, | 为了获得利益 |
| [1:08:17] | the food companies are not only targeting | 食品公司不仅仅瞄准了 |
| [1:08:19] | our primal desire for sugar, | 我们原始的对糖类的欲望 |
| [1:08:21] | but are also insisting that all calories are equal. | 同时他们还坚持说 所有卡路里都是一样的 |
| [1:08:26] | The result is that we feel like failures | 结果是 |
| [1:08:29] | if we’re addicted or overweight. | 当我们上瘾或者超重时我们就觉得自己是个失败者 |
| [1:08:33] | Perhaps the greed that is actually making us overweight and sick | 或许 贪婪使得我们变得超重且体弱多病的这种想法 |
| [1:08:37] | is of the corporate variety. | 是公司的手段的一部分 |
| [1:08:42] | -Hello, you. -Hello, honey. | -你好 -你好 宝贝儿 |
| [1:08:44] | Can you show me the belly? | 可以看一下你的肚子吗 |
| [1:08:46] | Have a look at this baby. He’s actually doing little kicks. | 看看这个小宝贝 他在踢妈妈的肚子呢 |
| [1:08:49] | Quick. | 快 |
| [1:08:51] | Aww. | 哦 |
| [1:08:54] | Hello, baby. | 嗨 宝贝 |
| [1:08:56] | Hello, baby. | 嗨 宝贝 |
| [1:08:59] | Hello, Daddy. | 嗨 爸爸 |
| [1:09:00] | -Bye. -Love you. | -再见 -爱你哦 |
| [1:09:02] | -Bye. -Bye-bye. | -再见 -再见 |
| [1:09:04] | -Bye. -Bye. | -再见 -再见 |
| [1:09:15] | Do you know how many sugarholics there are in this country? | 你知道我们国家有多少人对糖上瘾吗 |
| [1:09:18] | Millions and millions of them. | 成千上万 |
| [1:09:20] | As you go around the schoolyards, | 去学校的操场看看 |
| [1:09:22] | you watch the young boys and girls of this country | 你就会看到这个国家的男生和女生们 |
| [1:09:24] | and see how many of these children… | 你会看到有多少的孩子 |
| [1:09:25] | Their soft, weak muscles are out of condition, | 他们虚弱 肌肉状态不佳 |
| [1:09:27] | they don’t have the energy and vitality they should have. | 他们缺少了他们应有的能量与活力 |
| [1:09:29] | They look like sugar, they don’t… | 他们看起来就像糖一样 他们不 |
| [1:09:31] | After 45 days, | 四十五天之后 |
| [1:09:33] | it became more and more evident | 有件事情越来越明显 |
| [1:09:35] | that we’re just not getting a clear message about sugar. | 关于糖 我们并没有得到正确的信息 |
| [1:09:41] | Could the fact that sugar’s global trade is worth $50 billion | 糖的世界范围内的交易大约有五百个亿 |
| [1:09:44] | have anything to do with it? | 会和这个有关系吗 |
| [1:09:47] | It turns out that the suppression of the message | 原来 对于真相的打压 |
| [1:09:50] | began in the 1970s | 起始于二十世纪七十年代 |
| [1:09:52] | when the US Government was reviewing the safety of sugar | 当时美国政府正第一次 |
| [1:09:55] | for the first time. | 审查糖类的安全性 |
| [1:09:58] | The Sugar Association launched a campaign | 糖类协会发起了一个运动 |
| [1:10:01] | to ensure their product wasn’t vilified. | 以此来保证他们的产品不被诽谤 |
| [1:10:04] | In this case, what the sugar industry did, | 这种情况下 糖类企业所做的事情是 |
| [1:10:06] | is they stepped in when the evidence was ambiguous | 他们在证据模糊的时候就介入了 |
| [1:10:09] | and they said, | 他们说 |
| [1:10:10] | “We’re gonna kinda make sure it’s always ambiguous.” | 我们希望证据一直是模棱两可的 |
| [1:10:13] | To do this, the Sugar Association paid scientists, | 为了做到这一点 糖类协会买通了科学家 |
| [1:10:17] | hired a PR company | 他们招募了一个公关公司 |
| [1:10:19] | and released a report with a press release that read: | 发布了一则消息 是这样写的 |
| [1:10:26] | They put out this document called Sugar in the Diet of Man. | 他们发布了一个文件叫做 糖在人类饮食中的作用 |
| [1:10:31] | There was no sign that it was paid for by the sugar industry. | 没有证据表明这是被糖类公司买通的 |
| [1:10:33] | 华盛顿特区8月4日 一组九个美国领先 科学家消除了消费大众对糖的顾虑 糖 仅仅只是一种碳水化合物 和其他任何广泛使用的食物并无区别 进食合理数量的 糖是无害的 1974年这些医师和牙医们 开始注意到糖作为食物开始加重的重要性 并开始研究糖对健康到底会有什么影响 在全国各个医疗中心和各个大学里 他们发现… | |
| [1:10:35] | It looks like a very official document, | 看起来是一份很正式的文件 |
| [1:10:37] | it’s published in a journal. | 是在一份期刊上发表的 |
| [1:10:38] | The sugar industry sends out 25,000 copies. | 糖类公司发出了两万五千份复印本 |
| [1:10:43] | This report was then used by the government | 这份报告后来被政府 |
| [1:10:45] | to determine its findings. | 认可了其正确性 |
| [1:10:49] | Sugar was exonerated and the rest of the world followed suit. | 糖果被免罪了 世界人民都认可了这份判决 |
| [1:10:55] | Jack Tatem, president of the Sugar Association’s | 杰克·特姆 糖类协会的会长 |
| [1:10:57] | presenting to his board and he says, | 展示给了董事会看 并说 |
| [1:11:00] | “Look, there is no conclusive evidence | 看 并没有结论性的证据能够证明 |
| [1:11:04] | “linking sugar to these chronic diseases. | 糖类和慢性疾病有关系 |
| [1:11:08] | “And this is the lifeblood of our organisation, | 这是我们组织中的命脉 |
| [1:11:12] | “it’s the lifeblood of our product. | 是我们生产的命脉 |
| [1:11:15] | “If anyone ever links sugar to these diseases, we’re dead. | 如果有人要将糖类和这些疾病联系在一起 我们就死定了 |
| [1:11:19] | “So our job, what we have to do… | 我们的工作 |
| [1:11:22] | “is make sure that there’s no consensus.” | 就是平息舆论 |
| [1:11:25] | You know. | 你懂得 |
| [1:11:33] | This manipulation of evidence | 对证据的操纵 |
| [1:11:35] | and deliberate muddying of the waters | 故意让清水变得浑浊 |
| [1:11:37] | is all sounding very familiar. | 听起来好熟悉 |
| [1:11:39] | OK, how’s about taking a nap? | 小睡一觉可好 |
| [1:11:42] | Hey, I got a better idea. Let’s take a Winston break. | 我有个更好的主意 我们抽一根温士顿烟休息一下吧 |
| [1:11:45] | That’s it! Winston is… | 就这样 温士顿是 |
| [1:11:47] | And, evidently, it’s still going on today. | 显然 直到今天 这种事情还在发生 |
| [1:11:51] | If you create a list of the things | 如果列出一个清单 |
| [1:11:54] | that the tobacco industry did to stall or to fight off | 列出烟草公司为了拖延和回避 |
| [1:11:57] | public health actions that would curtail smoking, | 公众减少吸烟的健康行为 |
| [1:12:01] | the food companies are doing every single one. | 食品行业正在做同样的事情 |
| [1:12:05] | Paying scientists to do studies that favour industry positions, | 买通科学家来替食品行业说话 |
| [1:12:09] | paying money to professional organisations, | 买通专业机构 |
| [1:12:11] | like heart-related and cancer-related organisations, | 比如研究心脏和研究癌症的机构 |
| [1:12:14] | putting out deceptive statements in the press, | 并且使得它们出版一些欺骗性的出版物 |
| [1:12:17] | characterising science that doesn’t work out for industry | 将那些不为他们说好话的科学归结为 |
| [1:12:20] | as ‘junk science’. | 垃圾科学 |
| [1:12:22] | There’s a very long list of these things. | 这种事情能列一个长长的单子 |
| [1:12:23] | The tobacco industry did them all | 烟草行业已经做过了那些事情 |
| [1:12:25] | and the food industry is doing them all. | 食品行业正在做同样的事情 |
| [1:12:30] | Many of the reviews, | 有好多的结论 |
| [1:12:33] | the final review, | 而最终的结论 |
| [1:12:35] | is that there is no evidence | 是没有明显的证据表明 |
| [1:12:38] | that sugar is associated with metabolic disease | 糖和新陈代谢疾病有联系 |
| [1:12:42] | of any kind, | 任何种类的疾病 |
| [1:12:44] | are funded by the sugar industry. | 这都是由糖类产业资助的 |
| [1:12:51] | Given everything I have learnt so far | 鉴于我目前为止所学到的一切 |
| [1:12:53] | it was hard to believe | 很难相信 |
| [1:12:54] | there are still scientists defending sugar and fructose. | 仍有科学家为糖类和果糖辩护 |
| [1:12:59] | I was curious to meet one of them. | 我很好奇 于是我去和其中的一个科学家见面 |
| [1:13:02] | I haven’t eaten sugar for nearly three years | 我将近三年没有吃糖了 |
| [1:13:05] | and part of this film is that I’m, for 60 days, | 这部影片的一部分就是 我在六十天里 |
| [1:13:07] | eating a very high-fructose sugar diet. | 持续一个含高果糖量的饮食 |
| [1:13:10] | I thought maybe I’ll put on a little bit of weight, | 我想或许我会增加一些体重 |
| [1:13:12] | I put on six kilos in Australia, which is 15 pounds. | 在澳大利亚来说是六千克 也就是十五镑 |
| [1:13:16] | Right. | 好的 |
| [1:13:17] | All hidden sugars… granola bars, low-fat yoghurt. | 所有都是隐藏的糖类 燕麦条 低脂酸奶 |
| [1:13:21] | What’s happening? | 发生了什么呢 |
| [1:13:22] | Well, what I’d say is that that’s a very powerful anecdote | 恩 我承认这是个很有力的小故事 |
| [1:13:25] | and I think, you know, it’s… | 我想 |
| [1:13:26] | I think that can be true for a lot of people. | 我想 这对很多人来说这是事实 |
| [1:13:28] | But I would say that you had to be careful any time you do | 但我认为你在大量摄取任何东西的时候 |
| [1:13:30] | a high amount of anything. | 都应该要小心 |
| [1:13:31] | I think if I was to put you, again, on a white bread diet, | 比如一次白面包主导的饮食 |
| [1:13:34] | you know, or to put you on a, you know, potato chip diet | 或者土豆片主导的 |
| [1:13:39] | I think the issue is that all of these calories | 我认为这些卡路里 |
| [1:13:42] | really need to be regarded as discretionary. | 应该被视为是任意的 |
| [1:13:43] | I found John’s position on calories | 我认为 约翰对卡路里的看法 |
| [1:13:47] | so similar to the line that the food industry takes | 和食品行业的看法非常一致 |
| [1:13:50] | that I felt compelled to question | 我觉得我有必要 |
| [1:13:52] | the source of his research funding. | 去询问这些科研的资助来源 |
| [1:13:54] | Have you ever received any kind of funding from Coca-Cola? | 你有被可口可乐资助过吗 |
| [1:13:57] | You know, I think this is a really important question, | 我认为这是个相当重要的问题 |
| [1:13:59] | and it’s very important for me that I be transparent. | 而且我对此保持透明是非常重要的 |
| [1:14:02] | So we have received investigator-initiated, | 所以我们收到了这个由可口可乐投资者发起的 |
| [1:14:04] | unrestricted funding from Coca-Cola. | 无限制资金提供 |
| [1:14:07] | What that means is they had no say over our questions | 那意味着他们不能对我们问的问题 |
| [1:14:09] | we were asking, how we conducted the research, | 我们如何进行研究 |
| [1:14:11] | our analysis, our interpretation | 我们的分析 我们的解释 |
| [1:14:12] | and our data plan. | 以及我们的数据计划进行否定或阻拦 |
| [1:14:14] | It’s a red flag… | 这是个危险信号 |
| [1:14:15] | For me to hear you even say that is, like, “Whoa, OK.” | 对我来说 听到你说那个 简直就是 哇 好吧 |
| [1:14:17] | Because this is a company with 650 beverage products… | 因为这可是一个拥有六百五十个饮料产品的公司啊 |
| [1:14:22] | You’re right, you’re right. | 你说得对 对 |
| [1:14:24] | …that rely on fructose and sugar, so… | 那些产品全都依赖于果糖和糖类 |
| [1:14:26] | So what I would say is you’re right. | 所以我想说 你是对的 |
| [1:14:28] | I mean, we realised this going in and, I mean, some may view this | 我认为 我们已经认识到 |
| [1:14:31] | as sort of shaking hands with the devil, I guess. | 有些人可能会认为这是和恶魔交朋友呢 我猜 |
| [1:14:34] | I mean, even though that’s the case, you know, | 我的意思是 即使是那样 |
| [1:14:35] | we’re confident enough in what we’re doing and our protocols | 我们对于我们做的事和协议很有信心 |
| [1:14:37] | and we’re laying everything bare, | 我们把一切都放在桌面上来讲了 |
| [1:14:39] | that we could afford to engage with them. | 我们能够继续和他们交洽 |
| [1:14:41] | I think that we should not take money | 我认为我们不应该直接 |
| [1:14:43] | from the industry directly. | 从糖类产业那里拿钱 |
| [1:14:45] | I think it’s just morally wrong to do that, | 我认为在道德上 这么做就是错的 |
| [1:14:49] | and, you know, money’s tough, | 而且 金钱是强大的 |
| [1:14:52] | so it’s a big dilemma for researcher, as well. | 这也是 研究人员面临的一个难题 |
| [1:14:56] | But we don’t want to taint the answer, | 但我们并不希望玷污最终结论 |
| [1:15:00] | we want to know the truth. | 我们希望得到真相 |
| [1:15:04] | Just one week later, | 一周之后 |
| [1:15:05] | I saw an ad for a symposium on fructose | 我看到了一个关于果糖和甜饮料的 |
| [1:15:08] | and sweetened beverages. | 讨论会广告 |
| [1:15:10] | It was sponsored by Coca-Cola. | 它是由可口可乐赞助的 |
| [1:15:13] | Their keynote speaker was Dr John Sievenpiper. | 他们的主讲人是约翰·斯芬派帕博士 |
| [1:15:17] | He spoke about calories and there being no link between | 他讲到了卡路里 讲到了研究表明果糖 |
| [1:15:20] | fructose and cardiometabolic diseases in the studies. | 和心脏类疾病之间并没有什么关系 |
| [1:15:24] | Coke madly tweeted about it | 可口可乐公司疯狂地在推特上转发了这信息 |
| [1:15:27] | and then the host asked the audience… | 之后 主持人问了观众 |
| [1:15:28] | To maybe put together | 也许弄一个 |
| [1:15:31] | a YouTube video to, you know, | 油管视频来 |
| [1:15:34] | bring some balance back to those messages | 来给广大群众 |
| [1:15:36] | that are out there for the public. | 了解到这些信息 |
| [1:15:37] | I found this video on YouTube, | 我在油管上找到了这个视频 |
| [1:15:39] | but I’m not sure it’s quite what they had in mind. | 但我不确定这是他们真正所想的 |
| [1:15:57] | As the US leg of my experiment | 当我的实验即将在美国进入尾声 |
| [1:15:59] | neared its conclusion, | 马上就靠近最终结论了 |
| [1:16:01] | what really struck me | 让我真正震惊的是 |
| [1:16:03] | is that despite all the effects sugar is having on us, | 尽管糖给我们带来了那么多不好的影响 |
| [1:16:06] | in many ways we’ve just adapted to its saturation. | 很多时候 我们仅仅只是接受了它的侵略 |
| [1:16:11] | And I’m just noticing how incredible the human body | 并且 我注意到人类的身体和脑子 |
| [1:16:14] | and the human mind is | 是如此神奇 |
| [1:16:15] | because even though I’m having 40 teaspoons of sugar a day, | 因为虽然我每天都要吃四十茶匙的糖 |
| [1:16:18] | I’ve adjusted now to this new reality. | 我已经完全习惯这个现状 |
| [1:16:21] | My body just accepts that this is what I eat, | 我的身体接受了这就是我吃的 |
| [1:16:23] | and my brain deals with the moods up and down, | 而我的脑子处理好了我情绪的起伏 |
| [1:16:25] | I just get on with life | 我就这样和生活友好相处了 |
| [1:16:27] | and it’s fine, I can function. | 这也没问题 我能够运行正常 |
| [1:16:28] | But, uh… I’m not nearly as efficient as I was, | 但是 额 我不像以前那样高效了 |
| [1:16:32] | my fuse is a lot shorter, I’m exhausted. | 我的战斗力差多了 我累坏了 |
| [1:16:36] | And I think that’s how a lot of people live their lives. | 并且 我认为这就是许多人如何生活的 |
| [1:16:39] | People are up and down all day, but it’s just their reality, | 人们每天的情绪都会起起伏伏 但这就是他们的现状 |
| [1:16:41] | so they accept it | 所以他们选择接受 |
| [1:16:42] | and they’ve never experienced anything different. | 他们也没有过什么不一样的经历 |
| [1:16:47] | And I have | 但是 我有 |
| [1:16:48] | and I’m really excited to get back to that point. | 而且我非常想回到从前精神充沛的时候 |
| [1:16:55] | If you’ve always lived this way, | 如果你一直这样生活 |
| [1:16:57] | you have no idea what life can be like. | 你完全无法想象生活会变成什么样子 |
| [1:17:02] | It’s not part of your frame of reference. | 这绝对不在你的参考坐标里面 |
| [1:17:11] | Now, a lot of people will say, | 如今 很多人都会说 |
| [1:17:12] | “Well, I eat sugar all the time and, you know, | 我无时无刻不在吃糖 |
| [1:17:14] | “I’m perfectly fine.” | 我很好啊 |
| [1:17:16] | Well, what they don’t understand is that | 但他们不了解 |
| [1:17:19] | they eat sugar all the time | 他们无时无刻不在吃糖 |
| [1:17:21] | and they’re fuzzy and their mind is cloudy all the time. | 同时 他们也无时无刻感到头昏 脑袋不清晰 |
| [1:17:29] | Sugar has now become so deeply ingrained | 糖如今已经变得如此根深蒂固地 |
| [1:17:31] | into the fabric of our society | 渗入我们的社会 |
| [1:17:34] | that some people can’t imagine life without it. | 使得人们都无法想象没有糖的生活 |
| [1:17:36] | What say we took away added sugar, | 假设 我们拿走添加糖 |
| [1:17:39] | well, then what are people gonna do | 那 人们会做些什么 |
| [1:17:42] | to get that same feeling in their life that sugar gave them, | 来获得糖给他们带来的感受 |
| [1:17:45] | in terms of their values and preferences? | 就他们的价值和喜好而言 |
| [1:17:47] | But we forget that we didn’t always live like this. | 但是我们忘了 我们并不总是这样生活的 |
| [1:17:51] | Society has changed. | 社会已经变了 |
| [1:17:53] | 200 years ago there was not a society in the world | 二百年以前 世界上没有社会 |
| [1:17:57] | when they had a festival that was basing what they ate | 人们会因为他们饮食中的糖 |
| [1:18:01] | and what they drank on sugar. | 而举办一个节日 |
| [1:18:04] | Today, it has become synonymous | 而如今 这个节日变得和其他节日 |
| [1:18:06] | with any celebration. | 一模一样 |
| [1:18:10] | But, more profoundly, | 但是 其中的深层意义在于 |
| [1:18:12] | it is one of the simplest ways we communicate love. | 这是一种最简单的表达爱的方式 |
| [1:18:17] | I think the reason that sugar has become | 我认为 糖之所以会在我们的生活中扮演如此重要的角色 |
| [1:18:20] | so ingrained is that it actually evokes love. | 是因为它实际上唤醒了我们对爱的感知 |
| [1:18:24] | Our brains respond to the chemical effect | 我们的大脑在我们摄取糖分时产生的化学反应 |
| [1:18:29] | the same way we respond to love. | 正如同我们在感受到爱时产生的反应 |
| [1:18:32] | If we’re feeling upset, what do we do? | 如果我们心情低落感到沮丧 我们该怎么办 |
| [1:18:35] | We have some sugar, “Oh, I feel better.” | 我们吃些甜品 哦 我觉得好多了 |
| [1:18:37] | If there’s not enough sweetness in our life, not enough love, | 如果生活中没有那么多暖心的事 不够有爱 |
| [1:18:40] | “Oh, I’ll just have some chocolate.” | 哦 我就奖励自己一些巧克力吧 |
| [1:18:44] | With sugar having such complex associations | 糖分的摄取 对我们的心脏 大脑 还有身体 |
| [1:18:47] | with our hearts, minds and bodies, | 都有许多错综复杂的联系 |
| [1:18:49] | I wonder if it is having far greater ramifications | 我好奇糖在社会文化中 |
| [1:18:52] | for the culture than we’ve considered. | 是否有着远比现在更了不起的衍生结果 |
| [1:19:01] | Rudolf Steiner said that sugar essentially causes materialism. | 鲁道夫·斯坦纳说 本质上来看 糖引发了物质主义 |
| [1:19:06] | And that development of the sugar metabolism | 糖类代谢的发展 |
| [1:19:11] | and the sugar drug culture | 还有糖类药文化 |
| [1:19:13] | developed a materialistic culture. | 最终发展出了物质主义文化 |
| [1:19:16] | We live in a time of instant gratification, | 我们生活在一个及时行乐的年代 |
| [1:19:18] | nobody wants to wait for anything. | 所有人都显得急功近利 |
| [1:19:20] | What’s sugar? Quick energy, it’s straight to the brain. | 而说到糖类 它们是一种快速能量 直达大脑 |
| [1:19:47] | Eat that pie! Eat that pie! Eat that pie.’ | 吃掉那个派 吃掉它 吃掉它 |
| [1:19:51] | Eat that pie! Eat that pie.’ Eat that pie! | 吃掉那个派 吃掉它 吃掉它 |
| [1:19:55] | Eat that pie! Eat that pie! Eat that pie.’ | 吃掉那个派 吃掉它 吃掉它 |
| [1:19:59] | Eat that pie! Eat that pie.’ Eat that pie! | 吃掉那个派 吃掉它 吃掉它 |
| [1:20:15] | Hi, darling. | 嗨 亲爱的 |
| [1:20:18] | Oh, look at this. | 天呐 看你的肚子 |
| [1:20:21] | Hello, little dude. How are you going in there, dudie? | 你好啊 小家伙 你在里面怎么样拉 伙计 |
| [1:20:24] | Massive. | 变大了不少啊 |
| [1:20:26] | How big’s mine, too? Look at that. | 快看我的肚子 也胖了不少 |
| [1:20:28] | Oh, my God. | 哦 天呐 |
| [1:20:30] | Alright, let’s do it. | 好了 我们回家吧 |
| [1:20:33] | After 60 days | 六十天之后 |
| [1:20:35] | and 2,360 teaspoons of sugar, | 整整两千三百六十茶匙的糖 |
| [1:20:39] | it was time for the last meal. | 终于最后一顿来了 |
| [1:20:44] | I thought it would be fitting to cram all the remaining 40 teaspoons | 我认为剩下的四十茶匙糖 可以直接用 |
| [1:20:47] | into items that could be found in a child’s school lunch box. | 类似学生午餐会吃的那些高糖分的食物解决掉 |
| [1:21:06] | Closed! | 结束啦 |
| [1:21:10] | Yeah! | 太棒了 |
| [1:21:14] | Be gone. | 结束 |
| [1:21:18] | One week later, after having all my blood tests done, | 一周之后 我的所有的血液化验结果都出来了 |
| [1:21:21] | I assembled the team to hear the final verdict | 我召集了整个团队来听取最后结果 |
| [1:21:25] | on what sugar had done to my body. | 看看糖分对我的身体究竟产生了什么影响 |
| [1:21:30] | The obvious place to start is the liver. | 最明显的地方就是肝脏 |
| [1:21:32] | A key marker for determining liver health | 决定肝脏是否健康的关键标准 |
| [1:21:35] | is a hormone called ALT. | 一种叫做谷丙转氨酶的激素 |
| [1:21:38] | In the first month alone mine jumped | 仅仅在头一个月里面 我的谷丙转氨酶指标 |
| [1:21:40] | from 20 below the safety line to 20 above the safety line. | 就从低于安全标准20单位变成了高于安全标准20单位 |
| [1:21:44] | So it took you from, say, | 所以这一项 |
| [1:21:46] | the best 20% of the men | 就把你从那群最健康的百分之二十人之中 |
| [1:21:48] | to the worst 10%. | 拖进了最不健康的那百分之十之中 |
| [1:21:50] | -In one month. -In one month. | -在一个月之内 -对 就一个月 |
| [1:21:53] | Fatty liver is the first step towards insulin resistance, | 脂肪肝只是迈向胰岛素耐受性的第一步 |
| [1:21:56] | so once you’re on an insulin resistance pathway | 一旦你走上了胰岛素耐受性的道路 |
| [1:21:59] | then you’re on a pathway towards type-2 diabetes | 你就走上了2型糖尿病的道路 |
| [1:22:02] | and then, ultimately, insulin-dependent type-2 diabetes. | 最终会成为一名终身依赖胰岛素的2型糖尿病患者 |
| [1:22:05] | Today in Australia, | 如今 在澳大利亚 |
| [1:22:06] | nine people had a limb amputated to that disease. | 有九个人因为这个疾病做了截肢 |
| [1:22:10] | My triglyceride levels, which is the fat in the blood, | 我的甘油三酸酯水平 也就是血液中的脂肪含量 |
| [1:22:14] | went from a healthy 0.08 to 1.5. | 从原来健康的0 08激增到1 5 |
| [1:22:17] | So you’d hit the risk point… | 所以 你已经属于高危人群 |
| [1:22:19] | Gee-whiz. | 我的天哪 |
| [1:22:20] | In two months of healthy eating. | 两个月的 健康饮食 的结果 |
| [1:22:22] | Of healthy eating. | 健康饮食 |
| [1:22:23] | High triglycerides can also indicate a switch | 甘油三酸酯过高同时表明 |
| [1:22:26] | from healthy cholesterol | 你原本健康的胆固醇 |
| [1:22:28] | to the damaging small, dense LDL cholesterol. | 变成了有害的小而稠密的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 |
| [1:22:31] | Small, dense LDL lines you up for heart disease | 这种小而稠密的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇会让你得上心脏疾病 |
| [1:22:34] | because they’re the ones that are embedding | 因为它们会附着在你的 |
| [1:22:35] | in the arterial walls, forming plaques… | 动脉管壁上面 集结成块 |
| [1:22:38] | and that’s the bit you don’t want. | 这种情况是你肯定不会想要的 |
| [1:22:41] | You can have all the LDL you like, but don’t have those. | 其它什么低密度脂蛋白都无所谓 唯独不要有这一种就好 |
| [1:22:44] | In terms of weight, I gained 8.5kg overall | 而说到体重 整体上我胖了8 5千克 |
| [1:22:49] | and added 7% to my total body fat. | 相比原来胖了百分之七 |
| [1:22:52] | But, more ominously, | 但是更不幸的是 |
| [1:22:54] | increased my waist measurement by 10cm. | 我的腰围因此增加了十厘米 |
| [1:22:57] | This is the dangerous visceral fat. | 这都是不好的 严重的内脏脂肪 |
| [1:23:00] | I showed a slight change in the bum expansion test, | 在臀部检测中 我的臀部只显示出了轻微的变化 |
| [1:23:03] | a variance in the rear flesh wings test | 后腰部位有些许变化 |
| [1:23:06] | and had great success in the highly scientific | 而在高精尖的拍腹监测腹部肌肉震荡的试验中 |
| [1:23:08] | ‘belly slap, make a fat wave’ wobble test. | 取得了卓有成效的显著成果 |
| [1:23:11] | I was quite, as you know, you know, | 我对此真的是 |
| [1:23:13] | quite alarmed that you were able to do that | 相当的受到警醒 |
| [1:23:16] | in such a short amount of time, again, | 在如此短的时间之内 |
| [1:23:18] | eating heart-approved, healthy foods | 尽管你吃的都是大家看来都是相当健康 |
| [1:23:19] | that everyone’s going along thinking, you know, | 看起来完全没有问题的 |
| [1:23:22] | it’s totally fine to be doing. | 对心脏无害的健康食品 |
| [1:23:23] | And we’re worried about the future | 并且我们很担心 |
| [1:23:26] | of this obesity epidemic in Australia, | 澳大利亚目前肥胖的流行 在未来 |
| [1:23:29] | whether it’s going to lead to an epidemic | 是否会长期演变成 |
| [1:23:31] | of liver disease in the long term. | 肝脏类疾病的泛滥 |
| [1:23:33] | But perhaps the most enlightening of my results | 不过 看起来我的试验中还是有令人满意之处的 |
| [1:23:36] | was the calorie count. | 那就是卡路里的含量 |
| [1:23:39] | As I’d discovered, my calorie intake | 据我所见 我摄入的卡路里含量 |
| [1:23:41] | was virtually the same as my pre-experiment diet. | 事实上与我参与实验前的饮食的含量相差无几 |
| [1:23:45] | The big difference was the source of the calories. | 最大的不同 就是卡路里的来源 |
| [1:23:48] | I’d pretty much done a direct swap | 我的卡路里来源基本上直接从健康脂肪食品 |
| [1:23:50] | of healthy fats for sugar-laden products. | 变成了高糖分食品 |
| [1:23:56] | I was looking at the total calories, as well, | 我在查看他的整体摄入卡路里的数据的时候发现 |
| [1:23:58] | and very often it would come out as less | 大多数时候的结果显示卡路里摄入量 |
| [1:24:01] | than what he had eaten previously. | 比之前的饮食情况下还要少 |
| [1:24:03] | The way that calories have been measured in the past | 我觉得过去人们的卡路里监测方法需要再 |
| [1:24:07] | needs to be re-looked at. | 重新核实一下 |
| [1:24:09] | This calorie counting and this intense fixation with… | 这个卡路里的计量方法还有这之间不寻常的比例关系 |
| [1:24:12] | And it’s our fault, as much as… | 是我们的失误 |
| [1:24:14] | I take responsibility | 我应该对此负责 |
| [1:24:15] | because it’s a message | 因为我们 |
| [1:24:16] | we’ve been spewing out for the last 30 | 才会把之前的那些错误的观念传播了三 四十年之久 |
| [1:24:18] | or 40 years, but we really have to try and turn things around. | 现在 该是我们拨乱反正的时候了 |
| [1:24:21] | And Damon is living evidence, living proof, | 达蒙就是活生生的证据 |
| [1:24:24] | it is not the calories, it’s the source of the calories. | 令人发胖的不是卡路里 而是卡路里的来源 |
| [1:24:26] | It’s where they’re coming from. | 从何处摄取卡路里才是关键 |
| [1:24:28] | I’m surprised how quickly | 我非常惊讶在如此短的时间之内 |
| [1:24:30] | things went downhill for you, I honestly am. | 你的身体健康状况直线下降 我真的惊呆了 |
| [1:24:32] | To put on so much weight in just 60 days, | 短短六十天增重如此之多 |
| [1:24:35] | without really changing the number of calories | 而卡路里摄入量居然几乎没有变化 |
| [1:24:37] | you were eating, without, you know, eating rubbish, | 你在没有摄入垃圾食品的前提下 |
| [1:24:40] | to have such a big effect… 10cm on the waist, | 居然有了如此大的变化 腰围居然增加了十厘米 |
| [1:24:43] | 8.5 kilos on the body, | 体重增加了8 5千克 |
| [1:24:45] | full-blown fatty liver disease developed, | 还造成了脂肪肝的形成 |
| [1:24:47] | well on your way to cirrhosis, | 逐渐走向了肝硬化 |
| [1:24:49] | well on your way to insulin resistance… that’s a disaster. | 还有胰岛素耐受性 这简直是场灾难 |
| [1:24:52] | Hm. | 嗯 |
| [1:25:11] | You know, I obviously, through my research, | 通过这次实验 非常明显的 |
| [1:25:13] | have convinced myself that sugar is almost assuredly | 我几乎可以说是十分确定的告诉自己说 |
| [1:25:16] | the problem, the fundamental problem. | 糖类就是这一切的关键 是这一切问题的根源 |
| [1:25:20] | You get rid of sugar | 如果你摆脱了糖类 |
| [1:25:22] | and everything else becomes relatively harmless. | 其它的所有东西 相对来说都可以视为无害的了 |
| [1:25:27] | We would like to do the definitive study, | 我们非常愿意进行精确细致的研究 |
| [1:25:30] | but even if we find out next month it gets funded, | 但是 即使是我们下个月就能获得研究资金 |
| [1:25:35] | it’s still gonna be five more years | 想要得出确切的研究成果 |
| [1:25:39] | before I will have results. | 最少也需要五年时间 |
| [1:25:41] | What possible risk to public health is there | 而且我们还需要考虑 如果人们都尽量减少了糖分摄取 |
| [1:25:47] | in people lowering their sugar consumption? | 这种举措对公众健康会不会有什么潜在威胁 |
| [1:25:53] | This is our problem | 这是我们的问题 |
| [1:25:56] | and we should all work together to solve it instead of pointing fingers | 我们应该齐心协力共同着手解决 而不是在那里相互推卸 |
| [1:25:59] | and not being productive about that. | 那样一点帮助也没有 |
| [1:26:01] | And I would love to see the food industry come to the table | 我非常愿意看到那些食品产业和科学家们 |
| [1:26:04] | with scientists and healthcare providers and do what’s right. | 还有医疗保险的提供者们一同坐下来 商讨对策 |
| [1:26:17] | The first week of giving up sugar wasn’t a lot of fun. | 戒糖第一周 并没有想象的那么容易 |
| [1:26:22] | Frankly, it didn’t feel that different from giving up cigarettes. | 说实话 那感觉上就和戒烟没有什么差别 |
| [1:26:25] | I had headaches, I was moody | 我饱受头疼困扰 情绪多变喜怒无常 |
| [1:26:27] | and my sleep patterns were terrible. | 而且作息习惯也变得乱七八糟 |
| [1:26:31] | And I just tossed and turned all night | 常常整夜都在翻身 睡不着觉 |
| [1:26:33] | and then woke up very early, | 就算睡着了 也很早就醒了 |
| [1:26:36] | and as soon as I was awake I kind of was craving sugar. | 并且只要是我醒着 我就对甜品有种热烈的渴求欲望 |
| [1:26:41] | I feel like I need a hit. | 就像毒品上瘾一样 想来一剂 |
| [1:26:46] | Um… it’s the first real sign… | 呃 这才是刚刚开始的迹象 |
| [1:26:51] | that this is gonna be a bit tricky. | 看起来接下来的情况会有点棘手 |
| [1:26:54] | But I knew from previous experience | 但是 根据以往的经验我明白 |
| [1:26:56] | that I wouldn’t feel like this forever | 这样的情况不会永远持续下去 |
| [1:26:58] | and that ultimately it would all be worth it. | 而最终 这一切都会是值得的 |
| [1:27:02] | Because food and sugar has | 因为食物和糖类中 |
| [1:27:04] | a very strong emotional component, | 包含有非常强烈的对情绪产生影响的成分 |
| [1:27:07] | then we have to heal ourselves emotionally | 所以 我们要平抚自己的情绪 |
| [1:27:09] | and we have to go through what could be a disturbing experience | 而且为了戒掉它 我们必须要经历非常令人不安的 |
| [1:27:12] | or an uncomfortable or even awkward experience | 或非常不适 甚至是令人难堪 |
| [1:27:15] | coming off of it. | 的经历 |
| [1:27:16] | But once you get through it, | 但是 一旦你成功度过了那段时期 |
| [1:27:18] | which is about two to four weeks, | 那大概会持续二到四个星期左右 |
| [1:27:20] | suddenly the desire for sugar disappears altogether. | 你对甜品的渴求一瞬间就会烟消云散 |
| [1:27:25] | One month after finishing the experiment, | 在实验结束的一个月后 |
| [1:27:28] | a miracle occurred. | 奇迹诞生了 |
| [1:27:32] | Our daughter was born. | 我们的女儿诞生了 |
| [1:27:34] | This is her mobile, this is her teething giraffe | 这是她的风铃 这是她的磨牙长颈鹿 |
| [1:27:37] | and this is her lunch. | 还有 这是她的午餐 |
| [1:27:39] | -Hiya. -Are you tired, bubby? | -宝贝 -你累了吗 亲爱的 |
| [1:27:41] | But then some other remarkable things happened. | 但是除此之外 其他意想不到的事情发生了 |
| [1:27:44] | After just two months of cutting out sugar… | 在仅仅戒糖两个月之后 |
| [1:27:47] | my vitality had returned, my skin was brighter | 我满血复活啦 我的皮肤变得有光泽了 |
| [1:27:51] | and, thankfully, my moods had evened out. | 与此同时 感谢上帝啊 我的情绪平稳了 |
| [1:27:55] | I’ve had hundreds and hundreds of people | 我知道有数以百计的人 |
| [1:27:58] | go off sugar just for the reason of clearing up their mind, | 决定戒糖 为了能够使他们的头脑时刻保持清醒 |
| [1:28:01] | and typically, the result I get is, “Wow! | 而最终的结果通常都是 哇哦 |
| [1:28:05] | “I had no idea!” | 我从没有如此清醒过 |
| [1:28:09] | In terms of my weight, | 至于减重 |
| [1:28:11] | all I did is return to my pre-experiment diet. | 我所做的就是回归了我实验前的食谱 |
| [1:28:15] | I swapped cereal and low-fat yoghurt | 我把谷物早餐和低脂酸奶 |
| [1:28:18] | for bacon, eggs and avocado without toast. | 换成了培根 煎蛋 牛油果 不加吐司 |
| [1:28:22] | I snacked on nuts and cheese instead of muesli bars, | 零食方面 我把坚果棒换成了新鲜的坚果和奶酪 |
| [1:28:25] | and ate fish or meat with the fat left on | 也吃留着脂肪的鱼类和肉类 |
| [1:28:29] | and lots of green vegetables for dinners. | 晚餐的时候吃大量的绿色蔬菜 |
| [1:28:32] | I lost 6kg with minimal exercise. | 在没怎么运动的情况下 我就瘦了六千克 |
| [1:28:36] | Once you remove that hormone disrupter, fructose, | 一旦你将果糖从你的食谱中剔除出去 |
| [1:28:41] | from your diet, | 也就是那些激素破坏者 |
| [1:28:44] | your appetite control works again and your weight drops. | 你的食欲控制又会开始起作用 你的体重也会恢复正常 |
| [1:28:49] | Because I replaced sugar with healthy fats, | 因为我用健康的脂肪代替了糖分 |
| [1:28:52] | I felt full again and didn’t have to eat as much. | 我不用吃很多 就会有饱腹感 |
| [1:28:55] | Consequently, I spent the same amount on shopping | 因此 我在超市采购的花销 和我实验过程中 |
| [1:28:58] | as I had during the experiment. | 在超市的花销基本相差无几 |
| [1:29:01] | Whenever you walk into a supermarket, | 无论什么时候你逛超市 |
| [1:29:03] | make an immediate right turn or left turn | 一进去就左转或者右转 |
| [1:29:05] | for the produce aisle and avoid everything in the middle. | 去逛新鲜农产品区 别去中间那块区域 |
| [1:29:09] | Everything in the middle is a huge amount of calories | 中间货架上的产品全部都含有大量的卡路里 |
| [1:29:12] | with very little nutrients. | 却几乎没什么营养 |
| [1:29:15] | And what we wanna do is reverse that. | 而我们所需要的 是恰好与之相反的产品 |
| [1:29:18] | But the biggest surprise was that all of my blood tests had | 但是最大的惊喜是 我的所有血液检测的结果 |
| [1:29:21] | returned to normal, | 都逐渐趋于正常水平了 |
| [1:29:24] | so no more heart disease risks and no more fatty liver. | 所以 不用再担心心脏疾病 也不用担心脂肪肝了 |
| [1:29:28] | I think the most important message is that | 我觉得这个实验传递了一个非常重要的信息就是 |
| [1:29:32] | this is not you get a fatty liver and that’s it, | 并不是说你得了脂肪肝了以后 肝脏就没救了 |
| [1:29:36] | it will stay fatty, | 它就永远会是脂肪肝 |
| [1:29:37] | it actually can be reversed very easily | 而实际上 只要你控制你饮食中的糖分摄取 |
| [1:29:41] | by taking away the fructose from your diet, | 很容易就可以使你的肝脏恢复到健康的状态 |
| [1:29:44] | taking away all those drinks. | 不要再喝那些乱七八糟的饮料了 |
| [1:29:46] | I mean, water is a good drink. | 水才是最佳的饮品 |
| [1:29:50] | Yeah. | 耶 |
| [1:29:51] | In truth, it did take a while for my palate | 事实上 让我的味蕾重新适应我夫人烹调的 |
| [1:29:54] | to readjust to my lady’s unsweetened cooking. | 向来缺乏甜味的餐食着实花费了一些时间 |
| [1:29:57] | Things tasted bland for the first few weeks, | 刚开始的几周 什么尝起来都寡淡无味 |
| [1:30:00] | but then I rediscovered the full flavours of fresh produce. | 但是最后我还是重新寻回了新鲜食物的完美口感 |
| [1:30:04] | Mmm. | 嗯 |
| [1:30:05] | For just five days, I want you to discontinue, | 仅仅五天 我想请你们用五天时间 |
| [1:30:09] | or take out of your diet, for five days, these foods that I’m gonna show you, | 暂时停止食用下面我将要展示的这些食物 |
| [1:30:13] | and I promise you that you will feel 100% better. | 之后 我会保证你们一定会感觉比以前棒极了 |
| [1:30:16] | Will you please try this for me, just as an experiment? | 你们愿意为了我尝试一下吗 就当作一个小实验 |
| [1:30:19] | ‘Cause I’m here trying to help you help yourself a little bit. | 因为我仅仅想让 你们帮你们自己一把 |
| [1:30:24] | In the USA, | 在美国 |
| [1:30:26] | it was recently recommended for men to have | 最近开始 建议一个成年男性 |
| [1:30:28] | no more than nine teaspoons of sugar a day | 一天最好不要食用超过九茶匙的糖 |
| [1:30:31] | and women no more than six. | 对女性来说 不超过六茶匙 |
| [1:30:34] | Australia currently doesn’t have an equivalent recommendation. | 而澳大利亚目前还没有类似的建议出台 |
| [1:30:39] | I love chocolate. | 我爱巧克力 |
| [1:30:40] | I eat a little piece of chocolate every day. | 我习惯每天都吃一小块巧克力 |
| [1:30:43] | But I’m careful and I understand the adverse effects | 但我也很清楚如果过度食用 会给我带来什么负面影响 |
| [1:30:47] | if I have too much of it. | 所以我在这件事上尽量保持谨慎 |
| [1:30:50] | But for me it’s simpler to cut out sugar altogether. | 但是对我来说 戒除所有甜品对我来说 还算简单 |
| [1:30:54] | And that means avoiding artificial sweeteners, too, | 当然也包含所有人造甜味剂在内 |
| [1:30:56] | that keep the cravings alive. | 它们只会让对糖的渴望不息 |
| [1:30:59] | If you continue to reinforce | 如果你始终坚持认为 |
| [1:31:04] | it has to be sweet in order for it to be good, | 为了使食物尝起来味美 甜味是必不可少的 |
| [1:31:07] | then you’re never really learning | 那么就说明你从来都不懂的 |
| [1:31:09] | how to do food… good food. | 如何处理食材 好的食材 |
| [1:31:11] | I want my daughter to grow up healthy and happy… | 我希望我的女儿能健康快乐地成长 |
| [1:31:16] | and not waste any of her precious time counting calories | 而不必整日在计算卡路里方面 或者为超重而担忧 |
| [1:31:18] | or obsessing over weight. | 浪费时间和精力 |
| [1:31:25] | By educating our children, | 通过教育我们的下一代 |
| [1:31:27] | perhaps they can avoid the mistakes | 或许能够避免他们 |
| [1:31:29] | that our generation has made. | 重蹈我们的覆辙 |
| [1:31:33] | Do whatever you can to turn fruit and vegetable | 无论如何都要尽量让水果和蔬菜 |
| [1:31:37] | into the highlight of your meal. | 成为你日常饮食的主力军 |
| [1:31:41] | Train your kids to love them. | 并且让你们的孩子们培养这样的饮食习惯 |
| [1:31:45] | That’s what every parent’s got to figure out. | 这才是每个家长的当务之急 |
| [1:31:47] | How do you get in all those great nutrients? | 怎样才能摄取到各种各样的营养 |
| [1:31:50] | How do you get those superfoods into your child | 怎样将那些超级食品烹调出诱人的味道 |
| [1:31:53] | and make it taste good at the same time | 同时也能让孩子们吸收其中丰富的营养 |
| [1:31:56] | without spiking their blood sugar | 而且还不影响孩子们的血糖 |
| [1:31:57] | so that they can sit down and study and learn | 这样 他们才能静下来 安心学习 |
| [1:32:02] | and allow for the creation of genius. | 并容许创造天赋的产生 |
| [1:32:20] | That’s why we’re having the sugar experiment. | 这才是我们做这个实验的目的 |
| [1:32:23] | We had to learn that this is not the right way to go | 我们必须知道 现在我们所走的路并不是正确的 |
| [1:32:26] | in order to help inspire us to get to the next level. | 它并不能帮助激励我们走向更健康的道路 |
| [1:32:32] | I certainly don’t think that sugar is solely to blame | 我相当肯定 糖类并不是我们目前 |
| [1:32:35] | for all own current health problems, | 所有健康问题的唯一元凶 |
| [1:32:37] | but given its prevalence in our food supply, | 但是鉴于它过于泛滥 |
| [1:32:40] | lowering our consumption is a great place to start. | 减少对糖类的需求不失为一个好的开始 |
| [1:32:43] | Sugar’s not evil, but life is so much better… | 糖并不邪恶 但是如果你摆脱了它 |
| [1:32:48] | when you get rid of it. | 生活将会变得更美好 |
| [1:32:54] | This experiment has proven to me that refined sugar | 这个实验向我们证明了 精制糖 |
| [1:32:57] | and excess fructose are causing serious damage to the health | 以及过量的果糖 会对数亿百万人们的幸福健康 |
| [1:33:01] | and wellbeing of millions of people. | 造成非常严重的损伤 |
| [1:33:05] | And as the debate heats up | 另外 随着争论激烈化 |
| [1:33:06] | and the food industry fight tooth and nail | 食品产业使劲浑身解数 |
| [1:33:08] | to shut the message down, | 也想封锁消息 |
| [1:33:10] | we’ll be bombarded with conflicting nutritional advice. | 我们会被营养建议的各种矛盾说法所炮轰 |
| [1:33:15] | But for me, quite simply, the proof is in the pudding. | 但是对我来说 事情再简单不过 空谈不如实践 |
| [1:33:19] | About 10 teaspoons of it. | 也就十汤匙那么多吧 |
| [1:33:52] | Hey, everybody | 嘿 大家好 |
| [1:33:54] | Let me introduce myself | 让我隆重介绍我自己 |
| [1:33:56] | I spread my love on every item on your supermarket shelf | 我对你们的爱遍布超市货架的每个角落 |
| [1:34:01] | I taste so good, make you feel so high | 我尝起来无比美味 那种感觉让你欲死欲仙 |
| [1:34:04] | That I bring you back for more | 而且我会源源不断给你更多 |
| [1:34:06] | Plus I place my goodies at your kiddies’ eye level | 我把我的宝物就放在你们孩子的面前 |
| [1:34:08] | When you’re just about to walk out the store | 当你刚好准备结账的时候 |
| [1:34:11] | Now, people will tell you that I rot your teeth | 如今人们会告诫你我腐蚀你的牙齿 |
| [1:34:13] | And make you fat and give your body abuse | 还会使你发胖 虐待你的肉体 |
| [1:34:15] | But forget about that, just take off your clothes | 但是 让我们抛开这些不愉快 褪去衣服 |
| [1:34:18] | And have a spa made of chocolate mousse | 赶紧做个巧克力慕斯水疗吧 |
| [1:34:19] | Sing it, ladies | 跟我唱 女士们 |
| [1:34:21] | Oh, Mr Sugar, so sexy alright | 哦 糖糖先生 如此性感迷人 |
| [1:34:22] | We can taste you in our food in nearly every bite | 我们的每口食物之中 都有你的福音 |
| [1:34:25] | It feels so good Can we have a little more? | 那种感觉超棒 可否再来一点 |
| [1:34:27] | Of course you can, ladies I got white, brown, raw sugar | 当然可以 我为你奉上白糖 红糖还有粗糖 |
| [1:34:32] | Sugar | 糖糖 |
| [1:34:34] | Sugar | 糖糖 |
| [1:34:37] | I’m not your friend I come in gum | 我不是你朋友 我来自口香糖 |
| [1:34:38] | Just eat me when you’re on the run | 废话不要多说 赶紧把我吃掉 |
| [1:34:40] | Sugar Sugar | 糖糖 糖糖 |
| [1:34:44] | Sugar | 糖糖 |
| [1:34:46] | Treat to eat I taste so sweet | 吃乃待人之道 何况我如此美妙 |
| [1:34:48] | I get you when you leave the teat | 自你断奶之时 就落入我的魔爪 |
| [1:34:53] | And when you wake up in the morning And you’re feeling kind of peckish | 每天早晨你醒来 感觉有点饿 |
| [1:34:56] | This often where you find me the most | 这个时候 你就会遇上我 |
| [1:34:58] | ‘Cause I’m lurking in your cereal | 因为我藏在你的麦片之中 |
| [1:34:59] | I’m lurking in your yoghurt | 还藏在你的酸奶中 |
| [1:35:00] | And sometimes I’m even found in your toast | 甚至你的吐司 也是我的群臣 |
| [1:35:03] | But here’s a little secret I can share with you | 但是有个秘密 我只悄悄告诉你 |
| [1:35:05] | A secret you should put to use | 一个你可能用得着的秘密 |
| [1:35:07] | There’s about six cheeky teaspoons of me | 厚颜无耻的六匙我 |
| [1:35:10] | Hiding in a glass of juice | 就藏在果汁之中 |
| [1:35:11] | Hey | 嘿 |
| [1:35:12] | Some people think that Mr Sugar hangs out | 有人认为我糖糖先生 |
| [1:35:14] | Only with the bright-coloured snacks | 只愿意和光鲜亮丽的零食出街 |
| [1:35:17] | But I’ve been spreading my crystals all over your food | 但是我从不吝啬我的厚爱 撒播到食品界各处 |
| [1:35:19] | And the company’s been hiding the facts | 大公司们却对我的存在 缄口不谈 |
| [1:35:22] | I’m in cola, granola and pasta sauce | 我是可乐 格兰诺拉麦片 还有意大利面酱 |
| [1:35:24] | Mushy peas, mac and cheese And that radish from a horse | 豌豆泥 起司通心粉 还有马牌萝卜泥 |
| [1:35:26] | Canned fruit and soup, even soup in a satchel | 罐头水果和罐头汤 甚至包括速溶汤 |
| [1:35:29] | And Mr Sugar loves the term ‘all natural’ | 糖糖先生最爱 全天然 这样的字样 |
| [1:35:31] | White bread, corn chips, muffin mix, gravy | 白面包 玉米片 松饼小蛋糕和肉卤 |
| [1:35:33] | Mayonnaise, satay, food for the baby | 蛋黄酱 沙爹酱 还有婴儿食品 |
| [1:35:36] | Baked beans for the teens and an energy drink | 孩子们吃的烘豆还有能量饮料 |
| [1:35:38] | And I’m clearly gonna be in any food that’s pink | 还有所有粉色的食物 我毫无疑问都在内 |
| [1:35:40] | I’m confessing I’m in dressing and a hamburger bun | 我忏悔我我涉足调味料和汉堡皮 |
| [1:35:43] | Where that cheeky corn syrup’s trying to steal all my fun | 那些狡猾的玉米糖浆还想抢夺我的宝座 |
| [1:35:44] | Muesli bars, even some cigars | 坚果棒 甚至雪茄 |
| [1:35:48] | And a whole range of marmalade and honey, jam jars | 还有各种各样的橘子酱 蜂蜜和罐装果酱 |
| [1:35:50] | Oh, Mr Sugar, so ubiquitous | 哦 糖糖先生 你无处不在 |
| [1:35:52] | Our addiction to you is quite ridiculous | 我们对你迷恋 近乎荒谬 |
| [1:35:55] | We feel so sick when you’re not around | 当你不再身畔 我们寝食难安 |
| [1:35:57] | That’s why a spoonful of me helps the medicine go down | 只要一勺美味的我 不需要灵丹妙药 |
| [1:35:59] | Sugar Sugar | 糖糖 糖糖 |
| [1:36:04] | Sugar | 糖糖 |
| [1:36:07] | Sugar | 糖糖 |
| [1:36:09] | Sugar Put me in your coffee | 糖糖 把我装进咖啡 |
| [1:36:11] | Sugar I’m the only thing in toffee | 糖糖 我主宰太妃糖 |
| [1:36:14] | Sugar Pick you up when you’re down | 糖糖 低落时想起我 |
| [1:36:16] | Sugar You should try me in brown | 糖糖 试试我的红糖 |
| [1:36:19] | Sugar You couldn’t quit me for quids | 糖糖 你不能因钱财而戒掉我 |
| [1:36:21] | Sugar I’m coming for your kids. | 糖糖 我已瞄准你的后代 |
| [1:37:09] | 为了使MAI WIRU的工作继续进行下去以帮助阿马塔地区人民 及原住民地区人们 请登录WWW.THATSUGARFILM.COM 关注MAI WIRU的糖果挑战链接 |