英文名称：Mysteries Of The Terracotta Warriors
年代：2024
推荐：千部英美剧台词本阅读
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| [00:10] | 2,200 years ago, the first emperor, Qin Shi Huangdi, | 2200年前,歷來首位皇帝秦始皇 |
| [00:16] | conquered all six Chinese kingdoms for the first time in history | 有史以來第一次 征服全部六個中華王國 |
| [00:22] | to create China. | 建立中國 |
| [00:28] | To protect his empire, he built the first Great Wall | 為了保護他的帝國 他建造第一座長城 |
| [00:32] | and gave orders for the most spectacular tomb the world has ever seen | 並下令建造古往今來最壯觀的陵墓 |
| [00:37] | to be constructed for his afterlife. | 以在他死後安置他的靈魂 |
| [00:42] | But after his death, the Qin dynasty would collapse in chaos and civil war, | 然而,在他死後 秦朝在混亂與內戰中崩潰 |
| [00:48] | and the site of his epic tomb disappeared from history. | 他的宏偉陵墓的所在地 也就消失於歷史之中 |
| [01:00] | I remember it was hot season at that time. | 我記得那是比較熱的季節 |
| [01:12] | Some farmers found something unknown while digging a well. | 農民在挖井時發現一些不明東西 |
| [01:17] | So they asked me to go to Xi’an to take a look. | 當時他們就找我到西安來考察 |
| [01:25] | How are things progressing? Don’t miss anything. | 今天成果如何?千萬別遺漏任何東西 |
| [01:32] | When I first saw it, I felt so excited. | 我第一次見到它時非常激動 |
| [01:37] | And it was just the tip of the iceberg. | 現在看起來,那只是冰山一角 |
| [01:47] | A vast pottery army, | 這支龐大的陶土大軍 被埋藏在陵墓裡兩千多年後 |
| [01:49] | slowly being unearthed from the tomb where it’s lain for more than 2,000 years. | 慢慢被發掘出來 |
| [01:54] | It is amazing, the tomb that is 19 square miles, | 這令人驚奇 該陵墓佔地49.2平方公里 |
| [01:58] | and inside, there’s thousands of pieces of these terracotta warriors. | 裡面放有幾千座這種兵馬俑 |
| [02:01] | The figures, each different, and numbering around 8,000, | 這些雕像各不相同,共有約8000座 |
| [02:05] | uncovered on the burial site of the country’s first emperor. | 全都是在這個國家 首位皇帝的葬身之地被發掘出土 |
| [02:11] | They called it the Eighth Wonder of the World. | 這現在被稱為世界第八大奇蹟 |
| [02:32] | I remember, when I went to the excavation site as a kid, | 我記得小時候第一次前往發掘現場 |
| [02:37] | looking face to face at the 8,000 warriors. | 面對面看著那8000座兵俑 |
| [02:43] | All with distinct features. | 全都五官分明 |
| [02:46] | That itself is already awe-inspiring. | 此事本身就已經令人嘆為觀止 |
| [02:50] | Eight thousand warriors buried next to the man who created China. | 8000座兵俑 被埋葬在建立中國的人旁邊 |
| [02:55] | That has to be the most important archaeological discovery of all time. | 那無疑是古往今來最重要的考古發現 |
| [03:00] | But the truly amazing thing | 但真正令人驚奇的 |
| [03:01] | is that the 8,000 warriors is guarding something much more important. | 是那8000座兵俑在守護更重要的東西 |
| [03:06] | The first emperor’s mausoleum. | 始皇帝的陵墓 |
| [03:18] | This is a personal burial complex. | 這是個人墳墓建築群 |
| [03:21] | Sixty square kilometers, which is the equivalent to the size of Manhattan. | 60平方公里,那相當於曼哈頓的大小 |
| [03:31] | It is astonishing to think that this is all built for one man. | 這一切皆為一個人而建造 想到這一點,實在令人驚訝 |
| [03:38] | After the first emperor of Qin died, | 秦始皇死後 |
| [03:41] | he was buried in a tomb beneath the huge mound at the heart of the site. | 被埋葬在墓址中央 巨大土堆下方的墳墓裡 |
| [03:48] | Since the surprise discovery of the warriors 50 years ago, | 自從於50年前意外發現那些兵俑以來 |
| [03:53] | archaeologists have unearthed countless discoveries. | 考古學家已把無數發現挖掘出土 |
| [03:58] | But the enormity of the site | 但墓地規模之龐大 |
| [03:59] | means that they’re not even close to uncovering it all. | 意味著他們遠遠未能 把一切全部發掘出來 |
| [04:05] | The emperor’s mausoleum was a replica of the Qin capital city… | 皇帝的陵園是模仿秦朝都城的建築 |
| [04:12] | with two huge walls around the mound | 土堆周圍有另外兩層巨大的城牆 |
| [04:16] | and buildings covering tens of millions of square meters. | 還有覆蓋數千萬平方米的建築物基礎 |
| [04:20] | There are so many things buried underground. | 埋在這地方的東西太多了 |
| [04:25] | Everything we find is so brilliant, | 所有的發現都如此精彩 |
| [04:30] | and so vivid. | 如此寫實 |
| [04:35] | The discovery is unique. | 這些發現絕對是獨一無二 |
| [04:37] | We have terracotta servants who could serve him. | 我們找到能侍奉他的陶土僕人 |
| [04:39] | We have terracotta acrobats that could entertain him. | 我們找到能娛樂他的陶土雜技演員 |
| [04:43] | Terracotta chariots, horses. | 陶土雙輪馬車、馬匹 |
| [04:47] | What it all adds up to is a world of terracotta | 這一切加起來,組成一個陶土世界 |
| [04:50] | built for the emperor for him to rule over for eternity. | 一個為讓皇帝永恆掌權而建造的世界 |
| [04:55] | But how could a dynasty capable of creating something so extraordinary | 但一個有能力 創造如此非凡之物的王朝 |
| [05:00] | fall so quickly? | 何以如此迅速衰亡? |
| [05:05] | For archaeologists, | 對考古學家而言 |
| [05:06] | the first clue is the condition in which the treasures were found. | 第一條線索是寶藏被發現時的狀況 |
| [05:34] | I think people feel like, | 我想人們會覺得 |
| [05:37] | when we excavated, all these terracotta warriors were standing there. | 當我們挖掘時 所有這些兵馬俑就站立在那裡 |
| [05:43] | But it was not the case. | 但事實並非如此 |
| [05:45] | All these terracotta warriors were broken into pieces. | 這些兵馬俑全都被打破成碎片 |
| [05:50] | No one survived. | 無一倖免 |
| [05:54] | Janice is part of a new army of archaeologists, | 在這個已經躋身 世界最大之列的考古遺址上 |
| [06:00] | forensic scientists, | 有一支由考古學家 |
| [06:04] | and restorers | 鑑識科學家 |
| [06:07] | at what has become one of the largest archaeological sites in the world. | 與修復師組成的新大軍 而秀珍正是其中一員 |
| [06:14] | They are united in trying to discover exactly what happened to the warriors. | 他們團結一致 試圖釐清一眾兵俑確切經歷過何事 |
| [06:24] | [man, in Mandarin] The hand’s exposed. | 手露出來了 |
| [06:27] | The head should be here. | 頭部應該在這裡 你看這也已經露出來了 |
| [06:34] | But be careful when you work on this part. | 做這部分時你要注意 |
| [06:36] | The surface has a lot of folds so we may be able to preserve some color. | 表面褶皺比較多…這樣往往能保留一些色彩 |
| [06:43] | That’s the fascinating part, | 這部分實在引人入勝 |
| [06:45] | because you can tell they really have different personalities. | 因為你能看到兵俑們真的各有個性 |
| [06:49] | This is good. | 這個可以 |
| [06:52] | So every face, | 每一張臉 |
| [06:53] | you meet a new person from the Qin dynasty. | 都讓你認識到新一個秦朝人物 |
| [06:58] | He’s smiling. | 它是在微笑吧 |
| [07:06] | In the restoration unit, | 在修復組那邊 |
| [07:08] | the emperor’s army is being pieced together | 皇帝軍隊裡的真人大小兵俑 |
| [07:12] | one life-sized warrior at a time. | 正被逐一拼湊起來 |
| [07:16] | Seven, eight, nine, ten, 11. | 七、八、九、十、十一 |
| [07:31] | We have 36 big pieces. | 大的殘斷面有36塊 |
| [07:34] | And if we include bits of armor and the nails for it, | 如果把盔甲、甲釘這些小殘片算進去 |
| [07:37] | that’s nearly 400 pieces for one warrior. | 一座兵馬俑總共有接近400塊 |
| [07:43] | That’s a lot of pieces. | 殘片很多 |
| [07:50] | I often think I’m a relic doctor, | 我時常想,我就是文物醫生 |
| [07:54] | accompanying them and treating them until they come back to life. | 陪伴它們,為它們治病 直到最後它們復活 |
| [08:01] | Generally speaking, this warrior is relatively complete. | 總體來說,這一件相對比較完整 |
| [08:06] | Only his footboard is missing. | 唯獨缺少下方的踏板 |
| [08:09] | When it comes out, we can start to restore him. | 踏板清理完畢後 基本上我們就能開始修復這個殘俑 |
| [08:16] | The ultimate goal is to stand him up | 最終目標是讓它站立起來 |
| [08:21] | and get him back to his army. | 讓它重回所在的部隊 |
| [08:26] | A single statue can take up to three years | 重新組裝一座雕像 |
| [08:30] | to put back together. | 需時也許長達三年 |
| [08:36] | We know the warriors were intact when they were buried. | 我們知道兵俑被埋葬時都完好無損 |
| [08:39] | But sometime between then and now, every single one of them was smashed. | 但從那時到現在之間的某個時間點 它們每一個都被砸碎 |
| [08:45] | That’s one of the biggest mysteries that points us to why the Qin dynasty fell. | 這是其中一個向我們指示 秦朝滅亡原因的最大謎團 |
| [08:50] | So, what happened? | 那麼到底發生了何事? |
| [08:53] | In the pits where the warriors were buried, | 在兵俑被埋葬的坑裡 |
| [08:56] | the archaeologists are trying to find out | 考古學家正試圖透過鑒識取證 |
| [08:58] | by forensically examining every piece of evidence. | 檢查每塊證據碎片,以尋找答案 |
| [09:03] | There are a lot of theories. | 人們的臆測眾多 |
| [09:05] | Tomb robbers, vandalism, natural collapse. | 盜墓賊、蓄意破壞、自然崩塌 |
| [09:11] | But no one knows for certain. | 但誰也無法確定 |
| [09:14] | What we know for sure is something big happened. | 我們能確定的是曾有大事發生 |
| [09:22] | When you go deep into the work, | 當你投入這項工作時 |
| [09:26] | sometimes you forget everything. | 有時候會忘記了一切 |
| [09:33] | Our eyes are searching, | 我們的眼睛在搜索 |
| [09:36] | trying to distinguish the differences with others we’ve seen before. | 設法辨認這些 與我們以前所見過的有何不同 |
| [09:44] | The soil looks wet. It’s colored. | 這塊有顏色的土壤是濕的 |
| [09:49] | That’s red fired earth. | 那是紅燒土 |
| [09:50] | – Fired earth? – Yes. | – 紅燒土? – 嗯 |
| [09:52] | And wood charcoal. | 這是木炭 |
| [09:53] | Hm. | 嗯 |
| [09:55] | It’s been burnt. | 是火燒過的 |
| [10:05] | Only when the fires were very strong and burned for a very long time | 只有火燒得很旺,而且時間很長 |
| [10:09] | would the soil turn red. | 才會產生紅燒土 |
| [10:13] | The broken pieces were the result of a collapse. | 破碎的陶片是由崩塌造成 |
| [10:20] | But this was man-made destruction. | 但這是人為的破壞 |
| [10:32] | The terracotta warriors were burned in a fire. | 我們知道兵馬俑曾被火燒 |
| [10:35] | Who set the fire? | 是誰燒的? |
| [10:39] | That is the question. | 這就是問題所在 |
| [10:45] | This is more than just an ancient wonder of the world. | 這不只是古老的世界奇蹟 |
| [10:51] | It is also, in a sense, a giant crime scene. | 從某種意義上說 這也是巨大的犯罪現場 |
| [11:00] | Until the discovery of the tomb and the warriors, | 在發現陵墓與兵俑之前 |
| [11:04] | almost everything known about the Qin dynasty | 幾乎所有關於秦朝的認知 |
| [11:08] | was taken from one historical record. | 都來自一份歷史記錄 |
| [11:12] | A revered 2,000-year-old text known as the Shiji. | 一份擁有兩千年歷史 並備受尊崇的文本,名為《史記》 |
| [11:21] | [man] Shiji is the first major history of China. | 《史記》是首部主要中國歷史 |
| [11:28] | The main author is Sima Qian. | 主要作者是司馬遷 |
| [11:32] | It contains a detailed account of the first emperor’s life and his death. | 當中載有關於 始皇帝生與死的詳細記錄 |
| [11:47] | In the 26th year of his rule, | 在他統治的第26年 |
| [11:49] | the first emperor unified all under heaven. | 始皇帝統一天下 |
| [11:54] | The Shiji tells the story of the first emperor, a warrior of Qin. | 《史記》講述始皇帝的故事 他是秦國的武士 |
| [12:03] | The emperor conquered six kingdoms | 這位皇帝征服六國 |
| [12:06] | and unified China for the first time in history under his total control. | 有史以來首度統一中國 把國土完全納入其掌控之下 |
| [12:12] | He gave China its name. | 他賦予這個國家“中國”的名號 |
| [12:18] | But the record says | 但根據記錄 |
| [12:20] | that the mighty dynasty, | 這個本來注定 |
| [12:22] | destined for 10,000 generations, | 歷經千秋萬代的偉大王朝 |
| [12:25] | lasted for only 15 years before it collapsed. | 卻只持續了15年就崩潰消亡 |
| [12:30] | One of the things that is special about the Shiji is the way it is written. | 《史記》其中一個特別之處 在於其寫作方式 |
| [12:35] | It combines history and epic drama. | 它結合歷史和史詩式的戲劇性 |
| [12:39] | Some of it, we are a little bit more skeptical if it happened or not. | 關於某些部分 我們傾向懷疑事情是否曾經發生 |
| [12:45] | We have no other finding that could back some of the claims up. | 我們並無其他發現 能證實當中的某些說法 |
| [12:49] | But the big question is how much of that is true? | 但最大的問題是,有多少內容屬實? |
| [12:55] | So that’s why the excavation is so exciting. | 這就是挖掘如此刺激的原因 |
| [12:59] | For the first time in 2,000 years, | 兩千年來的第一次 |
| [13:01] | we have a chance to figure out whether what Sima Qian wrote is correct. | 我們有機會釐清 司馬遷筆下的事情是否正確 |
| [13:13] | Let’s measure the length and the width. | 我們來量一下石頭的長度和寬度 |
| [13:18] | On the east side of the site, | 在墓址的東側 |
| [13:20] | archaeologists have uncovered foundations of a monumental gate | 考古學家發現一道巨門的地基 |
| [13:25] | that they believe was once the main entrance to the mausoleum. | 他們相信那曾是陵墓的正門入口 |
| [13:29] | – Length? – 100. | – 長度? – 100公分 |
| [13:31] | The width is 95. | 寬度是95公分 |
| [13:32] | – Ninety-five? – Yes. | – 95? – 對 |
| [13:35] | And the hole? | 柱洞呢? |
| [13:37] | 10.6. | 10.6公分 |
| [13:39] | This is the widest gate ever found in China. | 這是目前在中國發現的最寬的門道 |
| [13:45] | After he proclaimed himself emperor, the site was constantly extended. | 在秦始皇稱帝後,墓址範圍不斷擴大 |
| [13:50] | It was a national project. | 秦陵的營建是國家工程 |
| [13:51] | They were gathering the whole empire to focus on one thing. | 集一國之力做一件事情 |
| [14:05] | Work on the first emperor’s tomb began when he was just 13 years old. | 始皇帝的陵墓 早在他13歲時就開始動工 |
| [14:15] | Be careful. | 慢點 |
| [14:20] | Careful. | 慢點 |
| [14:22] | Lift it up. | 抬起 |
| [14:24] | By the time he had conquered all of China, | 到他征服全中國時 |
| [14:27] | he commanded the vast resources required | 他就掌握了所需的龐大資源 |
| [14:30] | to build the greatest tomb complex on Earth. | 以建造地球上最宏大的墳墓建築群 |
| [14:39] | In the storage vaults, Janice is examining evidence | 秀珍在儲藏庫裡仔細檢查 |
| [14:43] | of the brutality meted out on those forced to build the tomb. | 那些被迫建造墳墓者 遭殘暴對待的證據 |
| [14:47] | From the material remains, | 我們可以從殘留的史料得知 |
| [14:50] | we can tell how hard that time was | 那時候在此工作 |
| [14:52] | for people who worked here to construct this mausoleum complex. | 建造這陵墓建築群的人 日子過得有多艱難 |
| [15:01] | You can see this is relatively big. | 你能看到這件比較大 |
| [15:03] | Not like on the legs. So that’s really on someone’s neck. | 不像是套在腿上 所以這其實是套在某人的脖子上 |
| [15:14] | When the first emperor unified the empire, | 當始皇帝統一帝國時 |
| [15:17] | more than 700,000 convicts were sent to build his mausoleum at Mount Li. | 超過70萬名囚犯 被送到驪山為他興建陵墓 |
| [15:25] | The first emperor mobilized people by force. | 始皇帝以武力動員人民 |
| [15:30] | Keep up. Keep up. | 跟上 |
| [15:32] | He convicted as many people as possible. | 他盡可能把更多人定罪 |
| [15:36] | – Move quickly! – Keep up. Keep up. | 快點! 跟上 |
| [15:40] | And made them part of the labor force | 迫使他們加入 為他的工程 |
| [15:42] | that would work for his projects. | 而苦幹的勞動力 |
| [15:48] | The Qin legal code is very detailed, and also very harsh. | 秦法典很詳細也很嚴厲 |
| [15:52] | Whenever you are associated with a criminal, you’ll also get convicted. | 一旦你與罪犯扯上關係 你也會被定罪 |
| [15:56] | If you were unlucky enough to have that happen to you, | 如果你倒霉得遭遇這種事 |
| [16:00] | what awaits you is extremely brutal. | 等待著你的將是極端殘酷的事情 |
| [16:05] | We find many of these kind of iron shackles within the mausoleum complex. | 我們在陵墓建築群裡 發現很多這種鐵鐐銬 |
| [16:12] | In Shiji, Sima Qian mentions a large quantity of convicts coming here, | 司馬遷在《史記》中 提及大批囚犯來到此地 |
| [16:17] | and also some other status people or craftspeople. | 還有其他地位的人或工匠 |
| [16:21] | But particularly for these, we can see that many convicts were involved, | 但這些尤其能讓我們得知 當中牽涉的囚犯很多 |
| [16:28] | and many people suffered. | 受苦的人也很多 |
| [16:35] | What are you looking at? Move! | 看什麼看?走! |
| [16:43] | Have you tied it well? | 這個繫緊了沒有? |
| [16:48] | Workshops in nearby towns | 鄰近城鎮的作坊 |
| [16:50] | were formed into a massive terracotta production line | 被組織成規模龐大的陶土生產線 |
| [16:54] | involving craftsmen drawn from across the empire. | 涉及從帝國各地徵召而來的工匠 |
| [17:12] | The eyebrow can be slightly higher. | 眉毛可以往上一點 |
| [17:14] | The eye is the key part. | 眼睛是關鍵 |
| [17:18] | This is the first time craftsmen from all seven Chinese states | 這是有史以來第一次 有來自中華七國的工匠 |
| [17:22] | came together to work on one single project. | 共同為一項工程而努力 |
| [17:26] | And the result of that | 此事帶來的結果 |
| [17:27] | was the creation of something that no one had ever seen before. | 是前所未見之物的誕生 |
| [17:34] | Pay attention to the area above the mouth. | 法令紋注意一下 |
| [17:45] | For a civilization to produce something in such great detail | 一個文明在兩千年多前以如此規模 |
| [17:48] | on such scale over 2,200 years ago, | 製造出如此細緻的東西 |
| [17:52] | it shows us a remarkable level of sophistication. | 此事向我們展示 一種水準非凡的先進精密 |
| [18:11] | I’ve worked in restoration for 25 years. | 我已從事修復工作25年 |
| [18:14] | And it’s rare to see one warrior still completely colored. | 很少遇到這種比較完好的彩繪俑 |
| [18:19] | This is the head of a warrior which we’ve recently excavated. | 這是我們最新出土的一件彩繪俑頭部 |
| [18:24] | It belongs to a senior army officer. | 屬於這個高級軍令俑 |
| [18:26] | When the warriors were first made, they were all colored. | 兵馬俑在製作之初都帶有顏色 |
| [18:30] | But because they’ve been buried for over 2,000 years, | 但經過兩千多年來在地底下的擠壓 |
| [18:33] | and because of the movement of the soil, | 以及土壤的運動 |
| [18:36] | the colors on their surface usually fall off when they’re excavated. | 它們出土時 表面的顏色基本上都已經脫落 |
| [18:44] | But this piece was buried in the very bottom, | 但這一件被壓在最底下,未被擾動 |
| [18:51] | so it was better preserved. | 因此有幸保存下來 |
| [19:03] | When I look into their eyes and their facial expressions, | 從它們的眼神和面部表情中 |
| [19:07] | it’s like they’re alive. | 能依稀看到它們富有生命 |
| [19:11] | They’re an incarnation of the Qin people, as well as an epitome of the Qin army. | 它們是秦代人的一種化身 也是秦代軍隊的一種縮影 |
| [19:19] | I think these realistic faces | 我認為這些逼真的面孔 |
| [19:22] | were based on real people | 是以當時來自中國各地的 |
| [19:26] | from all over China at the time. | 真人為原型 |
| [19:29] | And the idea probably came from the emperor himself. | 這意念很可能來自皇帝本人 |
| [19:34] | Because it’s a very, very powerful graphic representation | 因為這是非常生動有力的象徵 |
| [19:38] | of that feat he had achieved. | 呈現他所取得的功績 |
| [19:44] | A fantastic symbol of the unification of different ethnic people. | 是統一不同種族人民的美妙象徵 |
| [19:50] | Of this first unified empire. | 是這史上首個大一統帝國的美妙象徵 |
| [19:53] | If we did not have the first emperor, | 如果我們沒有始皇帝 |
| [19:56] | it is possible that China would have continued to be divided | 中國各國有可能會繼續分裂 |
| [20:01] | among different states, much like the divided Europe today. | 就像今天分裂的歐洲一樣 |
| [20:08] | [Lo] So if we look at the warriors, | 因此,當我們看著兵俑 |
| [20:11] | I think it’s really, really important in the context of world history, | 我認為要在世界歷史與全球歷史的 背景下看它們,這真的很重要 |
| [20:16] | of global history, because you can see how China has become different, if not unique. | 因為你能看到中國 如何變得不一樣,甚至變得獨特 |
| [20:34] | The emperor spared no expense and stopped at nothing | 皇帝不惜成本,不擇手段 |
| [20:38] | in preparing for his afterlife. | 為死後生活作準備 |
| [20:41] | But he had failed to prepare for his succession on Earth, | 但他未能為 他在地球上的繼承事宜作準備 |
| [20:45] | refusing to announce an heir to his kingdom. | 他拒絕宣布其王國繼承者的人選 |
| [20:48] | The danger of having too much power in the hands of one man | 一個人手中掌握過多權力的危險 |
| [20:53] | was about to turn all he built, the whole Qin world, upside down. | 即將使他建立的一切 使整個秦朝世界變得翻天覆地 |
| [21:06] | The Shiji tells us | 《史記》告訴我們 |
| [21:08] | the first emperor fell ill on tour through the eastern parts of the empire. | 始皇帝在帝國東部出巡時病倒 |
| [21:16] | In the seventh month, the first emperor reached Shaqiu. | 到了農曆七月,始皇帝抵達沙丘 |
| [21:21] | None would dare to mention the matter of death. | 無人敢提及死亡的問題 |
| [21:26] | The story recorded in the Shiji | 《史記》記載的故事 |
| [21:28] | says that traveling with the emperor on his fateful last tour | 說道與皇帝一起踏上 決定性的最後一次出巡之旅的人當中 |
| [21:33] | were three characters | 包括三個將於秦朝的未來 |
| [21:34] | who would play a key role in the future of the Qin dynasty. | 扮演關鍵角色的人 |
| [21:40] | Li Si was the emperor’s right-hand man. He was the chief minister. | 李斯是皇帝的左右手 他當時擔任丞相一職 |
| [21:47] | Nothing in the empire happened that did not go through him. | 帝國發生的一切,無一不經過他批准 |
| [21:53] | Quick. | 快 |
| [21:58] | Zhao Gao, a man from a disgraced family, | 趙高來自不光彩的家庭 |
| [22:00] | had worked his way up to become the emperor’s closest servant. | 他努力向上爬 成為皇帝最親近的僕人 |
| [22:08] | You! | 你! |
| [22:10] | Go find Si Li! | 去找李斯! |
| [22:13] | You! | 你! |
| [22:15] | Go find Hu Hai! | 去找胡亥! |
| [22:17] | Crucially, Zhao Gao was the guardian of the imperial seal, | 關鍵的是,趙高是傳國玉璽的守護者 |
| [22:22] | which the emperor required to issue all of his commands. | 皇帝發出的所有命令 都必須用到此物 |
| [22:27] | And finally, there was the youngest of the emperor’s sons, Prince Hu Hai. | 最後是皇帝的幼子,公子胡亥 |
| [22:33] | Given that he was the youngest, | 由於胡亥年紀最小 |
| [22:35] | Hu Hai was probably not very high up in the line of succession. | 因此他的繼位順序大概並不高 |
| [22:40] | But he was the only son that accompanied the emperor on the tour. | 但他是唯一陪伴皇帝出巡的兒子 |
| [22:57] | Teacher. | 老師 |
| [23:07] | The emperor is dead. | 皇帝駕崩 |
| [23:16] | All he has left is this letter for his eldest son, | 只留下賜給長子的這封遺詔 |
| [23:18] | designating him as heir. | 令其長子繼位 |
| [23:22] | If this letter is delivered, | 如果這封遺詔落在扶蘇手中 |
| [23:27] | he will be enthroned as emperor. | 他就將繼承二世皇帝之位 |
| [23:29] | And you will be left with nothing. | 而你最後連一片封地都繼承不到 |
| [23:38] | So, what should be done with it? | 你將作何打算? |
| [23:45] | That should be obvious! | 這還有什麼可說的! |
| [23:48] | If our father has left orders, then what can we, as loyal subjects, presume to do? | 父皇臨終前下的令 我們還能做些什麼? |
| [23:55] | Bid the chief minister to destroy this letter | 叫丞相秘不發喪 |
| [23:59] | and support your own worthy claim. | 以便你能登基即位 |
| [24:02] | I will not hear this. | 我不想聽這些 |
| [24:03] | At the moment, the decision of who shall take control of the empire | 此時此刻,能決定下一任皇帝人選的 |
| [24:08] | lies with you, me, and the chief minister alone. | 只有你、我和丞相 |
| [24:11] | How can I consult the chief minister on such a matter? | 此時我怎能向丞相請教這種問題? |
| [24:21] | Let me consult with him on your behalf. | 就讓我替你跟丞相商量此事 |
| [24:37] | After convincing the prince, | 在說服公子之後 |
| [24:39] | Zhao Gao successfully persuaded the chief minister to join the conspiracy. | 趙高成功說服丞相參與這項陰謀 |
| [24:47] | Together, they destroyed the letter from the emperor | 他們一起摧毀皇帝任命胡亥的長兄 |
| [24:51] | which named Hu Hai’s eldest brother as the emperor’s successor, | 擔任皇帝繼承人的遺詔 |
| [24:55] | and replaced it with a fake letter | 將其換成虛假詔書 |
| [24:58] | that told the rightful heir he had displeased his father | 對正統繼承人說他觸怒了其父親 |
| [25:02] | and his immediate suicide was the only way to make amends. | 唯一彌補的方法,是他立刻自殺 |
| [25:08] | The deed is done. | 事已至此 |
| [25:10] | We can only resign ourselves to fate. | 接下來只能聽天由命 |
| [25:20] | Come now. | 是時候了 |
| [25:21] | In order for their plot to work, | 為了讓他們的陰謀得逞 |
| [25:24] | the conspirators had to keep the emperor’s death a secret | 這些共謀者 在等待他們的詔書產生效果的同時 |
| [25:27] | while they waited for their letter to take effect. | 必須將皇帝的死訊保密 |
| [25:34] | Stop. | 停 |
| [25:38] | Quick! Hurry up! | 快!快點! |
| [25:41] | So the dead body of the most powerful man on the planet | 於是,地球上最有權勢者的遺體 |
| [25:45] | was bundled into his traveling carriage. | 被塞進他的旅行馬車裡 |
| [25:48] | His corpse would be driven around in the sweltering Chinese summer heat | 他的屍體在中國的酷熱夏日裡 被馬車載著到處去 |
| [25:52] | until the rightful heir was fooled by the plotters. | 直到正統繼承人被共謀者騙過之日 |
| [25:58] | Go, go! | 走! |
| [26:00] | As time passed, | 隨著時間流逝 |
| [26:01] | the body of the dead emperor became a liability. | 死去的皇帝變成累贅 |
| [26:05] | The plotters reached for desperate measures. | 共謀者不顧一切採取極端措施 |
| [26:09] | The emperor’s carriage began to stink in the hot weather. | 皇帝的馬車在炎熱的天氣下開始發臭 |
| [26:13] | To disguise the smell, the conspirators surrounded it with carts of fish. | 為了掩蓋氣味 共謀者用一車車的魚把馬車包圍起來 |
| [26:21] | Against the odds, the letter worked. | 出乎意料地,那封詔書竟然奏效 |
| [26:24] | The rightful heir took his own life, | 正統繼承人自行了斷 |
| [26:27] | and the plotters were free to return to the capital | 於是共謀者得以回到京城 |
| [26:30] | to announce the emperor’s death, | 宣布皇帝駕崩 |
| [26:33] | taking with them another forged letter naming Hu Hai as heir. | 並帶著另一封 立胡亥為繼位人的偽造遺詔 |
| [26:40] | Hu Hai was installed as the second emperor. | 胡亥被立為二世皇帝 |
| [26:44] | But the conspirators feared the empire would not easily submit. | 但共謀者害怕帝國不會輕易順從 |
| [26:54] | We know from records that when the emperor’s death | 我們從記錄中得知 當皇帝的死訊 |
| [26:56] | was finally announced | 終於公布時 |
| [26:59] | that they would all have been together at the same event. | 他們會一起出現在同一個活動中 |
| [27:04] | In the ninth month, the first emperor was buried at Mount Li. | 到了農曆九月,始皇帝落葬於驪山 |
| [27:08] | Everyone within the Four Seas offered tribute. | 四海之內的所有人都前來弔唁 |
| [27:13] | The emperor’s funeral should have been the crowning moment | 皇帝的葬禮 應該是自他成年以來一直興建的 |
| [27:16] | for the vast tomb complex he’d spent his adult life building. | 龐大墳墓建築群的最重要時刻 |
| [27:21] | But the conspiracy cast the event in a different light. | 但那項陰謀改變了此事的意義 |
| [27:25] | Front and center was the second emperor, Hu Hai, | 處於最觸目的中心位置的 是二世皇帝胡亥 |
| [27:30] | asserting his right to rule… | 他堅持申明其統治權 |
| [27:34] | backed up by the two conspirators who had put him there. | 在背後支持他的 是把他推上皇位的兩名共謀者 |
| [27:43] | Hu Hai’s eldest brothers must have known | 胡亥的兄長們 想必知道 |
| [27:46] | that the succession had been fixed. | 繼位安排已有定案 |
| [27:49] | His sudden promotion over them was not just a personal slight. | 他突然越過他們登位 不只是關乎個人的冒犯行為 |
| [27:59] | Now they were potential threats to the throne. | 現在他們是對君權的潛在威脅 |
| [28:03] | Threats that could not be allowed to live. | 不能被允許存活的威脅 |
| [28:12] | Evidence of the horror that unfolded after the funeral | 關於葬禮後開展的恐怖事情的證據 |
| [28:16] | has been uncovered at the site. | 在這遺址出土 |
| [28:20] | In the northeast corner of the inner city of the mausoleum, | 在皇陵內城的東北角落有一片墓地 |
| [28:25] | there are around 100 small tombs. | 大約有一百多座墳墓 |
| [28:28] | We excavated ten of them. | 在已經發掘的十座裡面 |
| [28:31] | One of the tombs was wrecked. | 有一座遭完全破壞 |
| [28:34] | But in the other nine, we found human bones. | 但其餘九座裡面有人骨 |
| [28:38] | The bones were so mixed up | 那是一堆堆散亂的人骨 |
| [28:41] | that we couldn’t tell one body from another. | 無法辨別哪一具是完整的獨立個體 |
| [28:47] | They seemed to have been dismembered. | 相當於被肢解一樣 |
| [28:50] | We also found pearls in the soil. | 我們還在淤土下發現珍珠 |
| [28:58] | It was a very unexpected find. | 對我們來說,這是發掘的意外收穫 |
| [29:05] | Some pearls had traces of being gilded. | 當中有些珍珠還有鍍金的痕跡 |
| [29:09] | It was a high-level luxury accessory, beyond the reach of common people. | 它是高檔奢侈品,非一般人所能擁有 |
| [29:16] | Based on this discovery, | 根據這項勘探發現 |
| [29:18] | we think they may be the first emperor’s concubines. | 我們認為這應該是 秦始皇後宮妃嬪之墓 |
| [29:29] | The first to feel the wrath of the new regime | 最先感受到新君權的怒氣者 |
| [29:33] | were the unfortunate young women of the imperial harem. | 是皇室後宮那些不幸的年輕女性 |
| [29:42] | The reason why they were targeted is not so clear from historical records. | 她們成為目標的原因 不太能從史料中清楚辨明 |
| [29:47] | But in the context of the conspiracy, | 但在陰謀的背景下 |
| [29:49] | we can find a possible logical explanation for it. | 我們可以找到一個可能的合理解釋 |
| [30:05] | Some of the concubines | 部分妃嬪 |
| [30:06] | may well have been on tour with the first emperor when he died… | 在始皇帝駕崩時 很可能也在出巡隊伍之中… |
| [30:14] | …and could have witnessed | 並可能曾目睹 |
| [30:15] | the strange events that surrounded the emperor’s death. | 圍繞著皇帝之死的怪異事情 |
| [30:27] | Perhaps Hu Hai thought that these concubines knew too much. | 也許胡亥認為這些妃嬪知道得太多 |
| [30:43] | There are many limb bones here. | 這裡有很多肢骨 |
| [30:51] | These women are generally slender. | 這些女性比較纖細 |
| [30:55] | Also, they were not very tall. | 身高也不特別高 |
| [31:02] | They selected women with heights between 150 cm and 160 cm. | 他們好像都選擇1.5米到1.6米高的人 |
| [31:07] | Their weight was also controlled within a range. | 體重也控制在某個範圍之內 |
| [31:16] | The Shiji says these women were ordered to die. | 《史記》記載她們都是被賜死 |
| [31:21] | But there is no mention of how they died. | 但沒有具體說明死法 |
| [31:28] | During the burial of the first emperor, | 在始皇帝的葬禮上 |
| [31:30] | the second emperor gave an order. | 二世皇帝下達命令 |
| [31:33] | Of the women in the harem of the former ruler, | 在前朝的後宮女性中 |
| [31:36] | it would be unfitting that those who had no sons be sent elsewhere. | 沒有兒子者被送到別處並不恰當 |
| [31:41] | All were accordingly ordered to accompany the dead emperor, | 於是所有人都被下令陪伴死去的皇帝 |
| [31:46] | which resulted in the death of many women. | 導致許多女性死亡 |
| [31:53] | Do you think this hole is from a chopping injury? | 你看這個洞是否砸開的? |
| [31:56] | Or something else? | 或者怎麼樣的? |
| [31:58] | It doesn’t look like that. It’s not neat. | 不像,這不齊整 |
| [32:02] | They may have been killed and then dismembered after. | 她們可能是先被處死,然後再被肢解 |
| [32:07] | Or they may actually have been hacked to death. | 或者是以肢解的方式遭處死 |
| [32:11] | If they used weapons made of bronze or iron, | 如果他們是用青銅或鐵製兵器 |
| [32:14] | it would leave a clean cut. | 砍出來的刀刃會很齊整 |
| [32:21] | This injury was definitely caused after death. | 這種裂縫肯定是死後才造成 |
| [32:29] | It had nothing to do with how she died. | 這就跟她的死因沒有關係了 |
| [32:36] | If they were dismembered after death, | 如果說她們是在死後被肢解 |
| [32:41] | it would have been at the joints, where it’s easier to cut through, | 那一定會在關節處 比較容易肢解的位置 |
| [32:46] | especially when someone does it for a living. | 有專門的人做這工作 |
| [32:53] | – It appears they were dismembered. – That’s right. | – 看那種散亂,肯定是被肢解 – 對 |
| [32:57] | But their bodies were in one piece when they died. | 但死後屍體肯定是完整的 |
| [33:06] | We still don’t know how the concubines died, | 這些後宮妃嬪具體是如何死去 現在我們還說不上來 |
| [33:12] | but these women did not die of natural causes. | 但這些女子是非正常死亡 |
| [33:17] | And however they were killed… it was very cruel. | 不論死法如何,都很殘忍 |
| [33:36] | The brutality meted out to the concubines was just the beginning. | 妃嬪遭施加的殘暴行為只是個開端 |
| [33:42] | Chilling evidence of the conspirators’ next move | 關於共謀者下一步行動的 令人不寒而慄的證據 |
| [33:45] | was discovered in a remote far corner of the site by Yuan Zhongyi. | 在遺址的偏遠角落被袁仲一發現 |
| [33:53] | During our exploration, | 我們在鑽探的過程中 |
| [33:57] | we’ve found a lot of burial pits. | 發現了很多陪葬坑 |
| [34:02] | The people in them seem to have been murdered | 墓裡埋藏的人看起來是被殺的 |
| [34:08] | and mutilated | 被肢解的 |
| [34:10] | at young ages. | 年紀都不大 |
| [34:14] | In Shangjiao village, | 上焦村那個墓葬 |
| [34:18] | we found 17 small tombs | 我們發現17座墓葬 |
| [34:21] | and excavated eight of them. | 後來挖掘了八座 |
| [34:26] | I think the youngest one was only 18 years old, | 依我看,最年輕的一個只有18歲 |
| [34:29] | and the oldest one was 30. | 最大的是30歲 |
| [34:32] | As for who killed them? | 是誰殺的? |
| [34:35] | We don’t know. | 現在不知道 |
| [34:39] | The bodies were identified | 基於墳墓裡的個人印章 |
| [34:41] | by a personal seal found in the grave. | 屍體的身分得以獲確認 |
| [34:44] | By tradition, these were buried with the remains of high-status individuals. | 傳統上,這些印章 會與地位崇高者的遺體一併下葬 |
| [34:50] | We think they were the graves | 它們看起來像是 |
| [34:53] | of the sons and daughters of the first emperor. | 秦始皇兒女的墓葬 |
| [35:00] | After the funeral, | 葬禮一結束 |
| [35:02] | the conspirators turned their attention to each of Hu Hai’s potential rivals. | 共謀者就將注意力 轉移到胡亥的每個潛在競爭對手身上 |
| [35:16] | Prince Jianglu, | 公子將閭 |
| [35:18] | I am placing you and your brothers under arrest. | 趙高奉命捉拿你和你的兄弟 |
| [35:29] | On what charge? | 誰下的令? |
| [35:31] | Disloyalty to the throne? | 不忠於皇上? |
| [35:33] | This is an outrage! | 荒唐! |
| [35:36] | I demand to see my brother. | 我要見皇兄 |
| [35:38] | His Majesty’s orders to me were very clear. | 皇帝很清楚地向我傳達了旨意 |
| [35:43] | “No loose ends.” | “毋庸置疑” |
| [35:50] | The real terror had just begun. | 真正的恐怖才剛剛開始 |
| [35:57] | The law was made severe, and the punishments harsh. | 法令制訂得嚴苛,刑罰嚴酷 |
| [36:01] | – Corpses formed heaps in the marketplace. | 屍體在集市上堆積如山 |
| [36:12] | I must see His Majesty. | 我必須見殿下 |
| [36:26] | Your Highness. | 殿下 |
| [36:28] | What news? | 有何消息? |
| [36:30] | All your father’s ministers have been purged. | 先帝任命的群臣都已被殺害 |
| [36:33] | They move fast. | 他們太快了 |
| [36:36] | The worst is to come. | 還有更駭人的消息 |
| [36:39] | Yesterday, at the market in Xianyang, | 昨日在咸陽的集市上 |
| [36:43] | 12 of your brothers were executed. | 12位公子被斬首示眾 |
| [36:48] | And your sisters… | 還有公主們… |
| [36:53] | they were torn to pieces. | 被施以車裂之刑 |
| [36:59] | You must flee, Your Highness. Take your family and leave. | 請殿下抓緊時間,攜同家眷逃離咸陽 |
| [37:04] | Your Highness. | 殿下 |
| [37:13] | The problem for Prince Gao and for the whole royal family | 公子高和整個皇室的難題 |
| [37:17] | was that there was nowhere to run. | 是他們無處可逃 |
| [37:22] | I have committed no crime. | 我是清白的 |
| [37:26] | Those who were spared the public execution | 那些倖免於公開處決的人 |
| [37:28] | were given only one way out. | 只獲給予一條出路 |
| [37:37] | I have committed no crime! | 我是清白的! |
| [37:44] | By the end of the first year of Hu Hai’s reign, | 到了胡亥元年年底 |
| [37:47] | the records say that most of his brothers and sisters were dead. | 根據記錄 他的大多數兄弟姊妹都已死亡 |
| [37:56] | Now, one of the site’s most significant finds ever | 遺址歷來最重大的發現之一 |
| [37:59] | might be the key to proving that this is not just legend, but fact. | 也許是證明這並非傳說 而是事實的關鍵 |
| [38:06] | To the west of the site, close to the emperor’s tomb mound, | 在遺址西邊,靠近皇帝墓塚處 |
| [38:10] | a huge excavation is underway. | 正進行大規模挖掘工作 |
| [38:14] | A series of vast tombs has been discovered. | 有一系列巨大墳墓被發現 |
| [38:18] | Opening them has never been attempted before. | 以前從不曾有人嘗試打開它們 |
| [38:23] | It would usually be forbidden. | 這通常是被禁止的 |
| [38:25] | But the threat of rainwater damage has led to an exceptional decision. | 但雨水破壞的威脅 導致一個特殊的決定 |
| [38:30] | To excavate one of the tombs. | 就是挖掘其中一座墳墓 |
| [38:34] | The opportunity to excavate this tomb is completely unprecedented. | 挖掘這座墳墓的機會前所未有 |
| [38:42] | So it’s the only opportunity. | 所以這就是唯一的機會 |
| [38:58] | Every time I go down, I still feel amazed. | 我每次下去,還是感到震撼 |
| [39:03] | The tomb was so precisely built. | 修整得這麼整齊的一個墓葬 |
| [39:12] | So deep, so large in scale! | 這麼深,規模又這麼大! |
| [39:17] | Most ancient tombs have been robbed, | 古墓大部分都已被盜 |
| [39:21] | so we didn’t have much hope for the coffin chamber. | 對於找到棺槨 我們其實不抱多大希望 |
| [39:32] | But it turned out it hadn’t been robbed. | 結果中心部分確實並未被盜 |
| [39:36] | We were amazed! | 太震驚了! |
| [39:41] | The coffin is badly decayed, but the tomb owner is still in there. | 棺槨嚴重腐朽,但墓主仍在其中 |
| [39:47] | And lots of weapons were unearthed, including armor, crossbows, and swords. | 墓裡出土了很多兵器 有鎧甲、弩機和戈 |
| [39:59] | What makes this tomb so exciting | 這座墳墓之所以如此令人興奮 |
| [40:02] | is that this is a real warrior of the Qin dynasty. | 是因為這是一個真正的秦朝武士 |
| [40:07] | We already found thousands of terracotta warriors, | 我們已經找到幾千個兵馬俑 |
| [40:12] | but we didn’t have the opportunity to excavate a real Qin warrior. | 但我們之前沒有機會 發掘真正的秦代武士 |
| [40:21] | And this is quite close to the first emperor’s tomb mound. | 而且這裡相當接近始皇帝的墓塚 |
| [40:25] | So, who was he? | 那麼他是誰? |
| [40:30] | Whoever this person was, | 無論此人是何方神聖 |
| [40:31] | he was clearly very important and very close to the emperor. | 他顯然是對皇帝而言 很重要亦很親近的人 |
| [40:37] | If we can figure out his identity, | 如果我們能辨認他的身分 |
| [40:40] | it could be key for us to understand what happened after the emperor’s death. | 這可能會成為我們 了解皇帝死後發生之事的關鍵 |
| [40:49] | Janice has been brought in | 秀珍被找來 |
| [40:51] | to examine the extraordinary artifacts found with the coffin | 參與研究 與棺槨一起被發現的驚人器物 |
| [40:55] | to see if they can help reveal more about the tomb owner’s identity. | 看看它們能否幫助揭露 更多關於墓主身分的資訊 |
| [41:02] | This is a jade disc. There is a circle outside, and a frame. | 這塊是玉璧,外面有一個邊框 |
| [41:09] | There is a thin pattern as well. | 細的一個 |
| [41:11] | – Its outer ring. – Yes. In the middle part. | – 是外圍吧 – 對,然後是中間這塊 |
| [41:15] | It’s a geometric pattern as a whole. | 你看它的整體,是幾何形紋 |
| [41:20] | The jade piece was an ornament on a scabbard. | 玉璧是劍鞘上的裝飾品 |
| [41:23] | The burial materials in Tomb One is really fascinating. | 一號墓的陪葬品實在引人入勝 |
| [41:27] | You know, some of the objects, we never seen before, | 有些物品是我們前所未見 |
| [41:31] | like a gold camel and dancing figure. | 例如金駱駝和舞者塑像 |
| [41:36] | From this, we can judge | 這當中就反映出 |
| [41:40] | that the tomb owner might have a royal status. | 墓主的身分可能更高貴 |
| [41:44] | It is rather finely decorated. | 這個裝飾性很強 |
| [41:46] | These are quite exotic objects | 這些是相當奇特的物品 |
| [41:50] | that is the first time found in the mausoleum complex. | 那是首次在 陵墓建築群中發現這些物品 |
| [41:55] | The question is whether we can tell the date. | 問題是我們能否確定年代 |
| [42:00] | Take it out and have a look. | 拿出來看一下裡面這一枚 |
| [42:05] | This is from the late Warring States period. | 這個應該屬於戰國晚期 |
| [42:08] | Yes. | 對 |
| [42:11] | They couldn’t be cast as late as the Han Dynasty. | 不會是晚到漢代 |
| [42:13] | It must have been cast earlier. | 那一定是在這之前 |
| [42:16] | All these coins we discovered we call Ban Liang. | 我們發現的這些錢幣被稱為“半兩” |
| [42:19] | These kind of coins, the size of the coins, and also the character, | 這種錢幣,觀其大小和文字 |
| [42:24] | definitely Qin coins from the later Qin. | 肯定是來自秦朝晚期的秦國錢幣 |
| [42:28] | The coins are clear evidence | 這些錢幣清楚證明 |
| [42:30] | that the tomb owner was amongst the wealthiest of Qin society, | 墓主是秦代社會最富有的人之一 |
| [42:34] | and they date the burial to the end of the Qin dynasty. | 他們推算埋葬的年代為秦朝末期 |
| [42:40] | How many pieces have been unearthed? | 共出土了多少件? |
| [42:41] | – It’s about 5,000 to 6,000. – Five thousand to 6,000 pieces? | – 大概五、六千件 – 五、六千件嗎? |
| [42:45] | It’s unusual to find 6,000 coins in this tomb. | 在這座墳墓裡找到六千枚錢幣 這很不尋常 |
| [42:50] | It’s really a fortune. | 實在是一大筆財富 |
| [42:53] | Let’s take a look at this crossbow. | 看一下這弩機 |
| [42:55] | It’s smaller than the ones from the Terracotta Warriors Pit. | 這個比兵馬俑坑出土的那些小 |
| [43:02] | And it has a casing. | 並且帶郭 |
| [43:05] | Crossbows with trigger casings were very rare at that time. | 帶郭的弩機在當時很特別 |
| [43:14] | This type of the crossbow triggers,that’s late Qin dynasty. | 這種弩機來自秦朝晚期 |
| [43:21] | And that gives quite narrow time window of this tomb. | 那就將這座墓葬 置於相當有限的時間段之中 |
| [43:27] | From probably after the emperor died | 大概是在皇帝死後 |
| [43:30] | to before the fall of the Qin dynasty. | 到秦朝滅亡之前 |
| [43:33] | So that’s three, four years. | 那就是三、四年間 |
| [43:36] | So who could be buried with the Qin first emperor | 在這段時間裡,有誰能與 |
| [43:41] | in this time period? | 秦始皇合葬? |
| [43:44] | And why? | 還有,為什麼? |
| [43:49] | Narrowing the date | 縮窄時間段 |
| [43:50] | reduces the list of candidates who could be in the tomb. | 把可能葬在墓裡的人選名單縮短 |
| [43:58] | If the mystery warrior was buried | 如果神秘武士被埋葬之時 |
| [44:01] | between the death of the emperor and the fall of the Qin, | 是介乎皇帝駕崩與秦朝滅亡之間 |
| [44:04] | then there is only a short list of candidates it could be. | 那麼可能人選的名單就很短 |
| [44:23] | After the first emperor died, | 秦始皇死後 |
| [44:26] | his sons all came to a bad end. | 公子們都沒有好下場 |
| [44:29] | So I’m still more inclined to believe that this tomb | 所以關於墓主的身分 |
| [44:32] | belongs to a high-ranking nobleman or army chief. | 我們更傾向認為是重臣或將軍 |
| [44:38] | If archaeologists find a personal seal inside the coffin, | 如果考古學家在棺槨裡找到個人印章 |
| [44:42] | they can prove beyond doubt the tomb owner’s identity. | 就能明確證實墓主的身分 |
| [44:47] | But the condition of the coffin means that this could take years. | 但棺槨的狀況意味著這可能需時多年 |
| [44:55] | Originally, we wanted to investigate the coffin in place. | 一開始,我們計劃 直接在現場清理棺槨 |
| [44:59] | Be careful of that wood. | 小心那木頭 |
| [45:02] | But there’s a big temperature difference between winter and summer. | 但這裡面的冬夏溫差很大 |
| [45:07] | With pieces of gold, jade, | 由於這些黃金、玉石和寶石碎塊 |
| [45:09] | and precious metals exposed to the elements, | 暴露在自然環境之中 |
| [45:12] | they need to act fast. | 因此他們必須迅速行動 |
| [45:14] | If we clean it on site, | 如果我們在現場清理它 |
| [45:18] | the drastic change in temperature and humidity | 溫度與濕度的劇烈變化 |
| [45:22] | might have a big impact on the excavated relics and remains. | 可能會對清理出來的遺跡遺物 帶來很大影響 |
| [45:25] | So we want to pack it first and take it indoors for the investigation. | 所以我們想把它打包起來 帶到室內慢慢仔細分析 |
| [45:31] | Look at the objects on the pillar there. | 看看柱子上的東西,烏黑一塊 |
| [45:36] | We need something to protect them. | 需要用作保護的東西 |
| [45:40] | The plan involves packaging up the coffin | 計劃涉及把棺槨 |
| [45:43] | along with the tons of earth that surround it | 連同包圍它的大量泥土包裝好 |
| [45:46] | and lifting the whole thing into the lab in one piece. | 再把這些東西整個搬進實驗室 |
| [45:50] | The extreme weight makes extracting the coffin deeply risky. | 極端的重量導致取出棺槨的風險極大 |
| [45:55] | Nothing like this has ever been attempted before. | 從來不曾有人嘗試過做這種事 |
| [45:59] | The steel plates can be put in one by one. | 把鋼板這樣一塊塊穿進去 |
| [46:03] | We can operate from here or from the other side. | 從那邊穿或從這邊穿都可以 |
| [46:06] | Yes, both sides will work. | 一邊穿過去 |
| [46:08] | We need to lay tracks up the passage. | 我們在墓道鋪上軌道 |
| [46:12] | Then use a crane with a 50 to 100-ton capacity to pull it up. | 並用50到100噸的吊車把它拉上來 |
| [46:18] | The problem is it’s uneven and bumpy here, so it’ll be difficult to load. | 關鍵問題是這個地方不平整 坑坑窪窪的,難以裝載 |
| [46:27] | This is a huge archaeological challenge. | 在考古學意義上,那是巨大挑戰 |
| [46:32] | I’m sure we will solve all these problems. | 當然這些我們都會解決 |
| [46:40] | Near to the tomb mound, | 在皇帝墓塚附近 |
| [46:42] | Fu Jian’s investigation is closing in | 傅建的調查正逐漸逼近 |
| [46:45] | on what happened to the buildings that once stood here. | 關於曾矗立於此的建築物 所遭遇的事情的答案 |
| [46:49] | We think there was a tower. I want to know how it was destroyed. | 我覺得這本是個闕 它是怎麼被破壞的 |
| [46:54] | That’s what I care about most. | 這是我關注的重點 |
| [46:57] | If the damage done to the warriors extends here, | 如果兵俑所受到的損害延伸到此處 |
| [47:00] | it would mean this was more than just a robbery. | 那就會意味著這不僅是盜墓行為 |
| [47:03] | It would point to a very different explanation. | 那會指向截然不同的解釋 |
| [47:07] | We just found some broken tiles. | 這是剛才找到的瓦片 |
| [47:12] | One of them has characters on it. | 其中一塊帶有文字 |
| [47:18] | That seems to be “Shui.” | 好像是“水”之類的 |
| [47:21] | It’s “Zuo Shui.” | 是“左水” |
| [47:22] | I think Zuo Shui was a manufacturer in the Qin dynasty. | 這個“左水”應該是秦朝的一個機構 |
| [47:28] | It could be part of the tower. | 它可能是闕的一部分 |
| [47:32] | In Pit One and Pit Two of the Warriors, | 在兵馬俑一號坑和二號坑 |
| [47:33] | there is clear evidence of man-made damage. | 人為破壞相當明顯 |
| [47:35] | But there is no direct evidence to prove it was all done at the same time. | 但沒有直接證據 證明那全是同一時間造成 |
| [47:42] | The fires in the Warrior Pits | 兵馬俑坑的火災 |
| [47:44] | could have been caused by ancient robbers. | 有可能是古代強盜造成 |
| [47:48] | But if fires burned here at the same time so close to the tomb, | 但如果烈火 同時焚燒離墳墓這麼近的此處 |
| [47:53] | it’s evidence of a plan of deliberate destruction. | 那就是有計劃刻意破壞的證據 |
| [48:03] | When the first emperor died, the convicts were still there working, | 始皇帝死後 |
| [48:05] | building the huge mound over the tomb. | 囚犯依然在那裡工作 在墳墓上方建造巨大土堆 |
| [48:11] | But almost exactly a year after the first emperor’s death, | 但在始皇帝駕崩後差不多剛好一年 |
| [48:15] | a major uprising broke out in the east part of the empire, | 一場重大起義在帝國東部爆發 |
| [48:21] | which was going to have a major effect on the construction of the mausoleum. | 這將對陵墓的興建帶來重大影響 |
| [48:30] | By the time anyone dared to tell the emperor there was a problem, | 到有人鼓起勇氣告訴皇帝出現問題時 |
| [48:34] | the situation had spiraled out of control. | 情況已經失控 |
| [48:38] | Rise. | 平身吧 |
| [48:40] | A rebel army, reportedly 300,000 strong, | 據說由30萬人組成的叛軍 |
| [48:44] | was heading towards the capital. | 正朝著京城進發 |
| [48:49] | Then call up forces from the nearby districts and kill them. | 那就立即召集 附近縣裡的軍隊去擊敗他們 |
| [48:55] | Your Majesty, the bandits are already close by and great in number. | 皇上,盜賊已逼近,人多勢眾 |
| [48:59] | There is no time to call up forces from the nearby districts. | 現在召集兵馬已經來不及 |
| [49:05] | Are you saying we are powerless to stop them? | 你是說我們束手無策? |
| [49:11] | Have you lost your tongues? | 啞了嗎? |
| [49:14] | Your Majesty, there are many convict laborers at Mount Li. | 皇上,驪山有許多刑徒 |
| [49:17] | Might I humbly suggest that they be pressed into Your Majesty’s service | 臣建議皇上立刻釋放他們,授以兵器 |
| [49:21] | and used for an attack. | 以迎擊盜賊 |
| [49:24] | Do so with all haste. | 那就這樣做 |
| [49:25] | And do not disturb me in my pleasure until it’s done. | 以後這種事,別再來煩朕 |
| [49:31] | By order of His Imperial Majesty, | 奉二世皇帝之命 |
| [49:33] | all men over the age of 15 must take up arms and fight. | 凡年滿15周歲,須拿起武器前赴戰場 |
| [49:42] | Why should we fight? What business is this war of ours? | 為什麼要打仗? 這場戰爭和我們有什麼關係? |
| [49:45] | – Silence! – Hold on! | – 你說什麼? – 慢著! |
| [49:49] | Any convicted man that fights for His Majesty will be issued a pardon. | 凡是為皇帝而戰的犯人都可獲得大赦 |
| [49:53] | Hu Hai’s force of untrained convicts | 胡亥那未經訓練的囚犯大軍 |
| [49:55] | was a far cry from the feared, well-disciplined army | 遠遠不如他父親藉以征服中國的 |
| [49:59] | with which his father had conquered China. | 那支令人聞風喪膽且紀律嚴明的軍隊 |
| [50:13] | Let’s check if there’s an inscription. | 看看這邊有沒有銘文 |
| [50:17] | Janice is examining real weapons | 秀珍正在檢查 |
| [50:19] | found in the pits alongside the terracotta warriors. | 在坑中與兵馬俑 一起被發現的武器真品 |
| [50:24] | When we see any objects from the mausoleum complex, | 當我們看到 任何來自陵墓建築群的物品 |
| [50:29] | they have a big story behind it. | 它們背後都有了不起的故事 |
| [50:34] | You can see it right on this spot. | 看得見吧,就是這個位置 |
| [50:37] | The inscription is clear. | 銘文刻劃得相當清楚 |
| [50:38] | Terracotta warriors were equipped with bronze weapons. | 兵馬俑配備大量銅製兵器 |
| [50:43] | The lances or halberds for the infantry. | 步兵的長矛或戟 |
| [50:48] | The crossbows for the archers. | 弓箭手的弩 |
| [50:52] | And we can tell from different weapons | 我們能從不同的武器 |
| [50:56] | and how they mix together, | 以及它們混合搭配的方式得知 |
| [50:58] | the flexible battle tactic they use. | 他們採用的靈活戰術 |
| [51:03] | You have all these archers, or crossbowmen, | 軍陣前方滿是弓箭手 |
| [51:06] | in front of the military formation. | 或者弩手 |
| [51:09] | And they released arrows to the enemy before they come very close. | 他們在敵人逼近之前向其發射箭矢 |
| [51:14] | And then the crossbowmen moved to the back. | 然後弩手移到後方 |
| [51:18] | The infantry will have close combat with the enemy. | 步兵將與敵人短兵相接 |
| [51:23] | So that’s a special tactic in the Qin dynasty. | 那是秦朝的特殊戰術 |
| [51:35] | – Prepare the attack. – Prepare the attack! | – 下令 – 弓箭,預備! |
| [51:38] | – Put out the fires! Get in line! – Put out the fires! | – 滅火!保持陣型! – 滅火! |
| [51:41] | Move it! | 快! |
| [51:47] | Send the horses to scatter them. | 先派騎兵衝散這些囚徒 |
| [51:51] | We’ll cut them down as they flee. | 等他們逃跑時,我們就追殺 |
| [51:56] | Attack! | 進攻! |
| [52:04] | A convict army armed with digging tools… | 拿著挖掘工具當武器的囚犯大軍 |
| [52:09] | …would have been lambs to the slaughter. | 會如同待宰羔羊 |
| [52:15] | Hold! | 保持陣型! |
| [52:16] | But fighting for Qin gave them access | 但為秦而戰 |
| [52:18] | to some of the finest weapons in the ancient world. | 讓他們能接觸到 一些古代世界最精良的武器 |
| [52:23] | And commanders who knew only victory. | 還有只知道勝利為何物的將領 |
| [52:28] | Hold your positions! | 保持陣型! |
| [52:32] | Hold your positions! | 保持陣型! |
| [52:36] | Now! Attack! | 走! |
| [53:06] | Qin weapons and tactics made the difference. | 秦國的兵器與戰術決定了成敗 |
| [53:25] | Against the odds, the convict army prevailed. | 囚犯軍隊出乎意料地佔了上風 |
| [53:30] | The rebels were stopped in their tracks. | 叛軍被阻擋下來 |
| [53:33] | – And their leaders hunted down. | 他們的領袖遭到追捕 |
| [53:36] | But a tide of rebellion had begun. | 但叛亂的浪潮已然開始 |
| [53:39] | And work on the tomb was abandoned. | 而墳墓的建設工程亦被終止 |
| [53:45] | After the convicts left, | 在囚犯離開之後 |
| [53:46] | there’s no further mention of the emperor’s tomb complex | 這份歷史記錄就再無提及 |
| [53:50] | in this historical record. | 皇帝的墳墓建築群 |
| [53:53] | No one knows what happened to it after that. | 無人知道墳墓之後發生了何事 |
| [53:57] | The giant mound built to protect the emperor’s tomb | 為保護皇帝之墓而建的巨大土堆 |
| [54:00] | appears to have done its job. | 似乎成功達成任務 |
| [54:03] | There is no evidence anyone has ever broken inside. | 沒有證據表明曾有人闖入 |
| [54:07] | But for the rest of the emperor’s mausoleum, | 但對於皇帝陵墓的其餘部分 |
| [54:10] | it was a different story. | 那就是另一回事 |
| [54:16] | Telltale signs of deliberate destruction | 修復組正在審視 |
| [54:19] | are being examined in the restoration unit. | 蓄意破壞的明顯跡象 |
| [54:25] | Another Qin masterpiece, | 另一秦朝代傑作 |
| [54:27] | the larger-than-life statue of an acrobat, is being pieced back together. | 非同凡響的雜技演員雕像 正被拼湊起來 |
| [54:35] | The signs of violence are clear. | 暴力的跡象顯然易見 |
| [54:41] | This is very interesting. | 你看,這個很有意思 |
| [54:48] | It has marks showing it has been cut and smashed. | 有燒的痕跡和砸的痕跡 |
| [54:56] | When we excavated this pit, the whole site was found to be severely damaged. | 在這個坑的發掘過程中 我們發現它的破壞很嚴重 |
| [55:02] | A survey of the Acrobat’s Pit where the statue was buried | 針對埋藏雕像的百戲俑坑的勘測 |
| [55:07] | revealed a patch of red earth. | 揭露了一塊紅土 |
| [55:11] | The fire that destroyed them | 摧毀它們的大火 |
| [55:13] | was so intense that it melted a bronze cauldron at the bottom of the pit | 猛烈得使坑底的一個銅鼎 |
| [55:17] | into a flat plate. | 熔化成平板 |
| [55:21] | During our work, many pits were discovered | 在考古工作中,很多葬坑的發現 |
| [55:24] | due to the important clue of red, burnt soil, | 就是因為紅燒土這條重要線索 |
| [55:28] | including the Pit of Bronze Birds | 包括青銅水禽坑 |
| [55:32] | and the Acrobat Pit. | 還有百戲俑坑 |
| [55:37] | If we put these burnings together, | 要是我們把所有這些焚燒現象 |
| [55:40] | and consider it as a whole… | 併合起來看待 |
| [55:44] | …it can’t have been done by a few dozen people. | 就會知道這不是幾個人 甚至幾十個人能造成的 |
| [55:50] | It would have taken hundreds, or even thousands of people, to do this damage. | 這應該是幾百、幾千 甚至上萬人造成的大規模破壞 |
| [55:56] | But who did it? | 但那是誰幹的? |
| [56:05] | At the Warrior’s Tomb, | 在武士的陵墓 |
| [56:06] | Jiang Wenxiao’s plans for the extraction of the coffin | 蔣文孝取出棺槨的計劃 |
| [56:09] | have received the go-ahead. | 已經獲得批准 |
| [56:11] | Just over here. | 陳教授,看那邊 |
| [56:15] | But given how risky the move will be, | 但考慮到這一舉動的風險很大 |
| [56:17] | the team want to take samples from some of the exposed bones first. | 團隊想先從外露的骨頭中採集樣本 |
| [56:26] | It’s not easy to walk in this suit. | – 穿著這衣服走路不容易 |
| [56:29] | Be careful. | – 小心 |
| [56:30] | The samples may also help establish the warrior’s age. | 樣本也可能有助確定武士的年齡 |
| [56:37] | It’s right here, look. Let’s take this as a sample. | 就在這個位置,採一塊這個吧 |
| [56:42] | It’s part of the skull. | 是頭骨的殘片 |
| [56:46] | The skull was not complete. | 頭骨並不完整 |
| [56:48] | Only a small part was preserved. | 保留下來的很少 |
| [56:50] | We also found limb bones in poor condition. | 此外,我們發現肢骨也保存得不好 |
| [56:55] | This is the top of the femur. | 你看這是他的股骨頭 |
| [56:59] | Here is the hip bone. | 這是他的股骨 |
| [57:02] | Over there is shin bone. | 下邊是脛骨 |
| [57:03] | So the head is here. The body is this side. | 說明頭在這裡,身體在這裡 |
| [57:05] | – The head is in the south. – That’s right. | – 頭在南邊 – 對 |
| [57:08] | And the feet are pointing north. | 腳朝著北方 |
| [57:11] | Look at the top of the femur. | 比如說這個股骨頭 |
| [57:15] | The bone was quite thick. | 骨壁比較厚一些 |
| [57:22] | So it’s more likely to be a male. | 所以他比較可能是男性 |
| [57:29] | Let’s take a sample of this. | 我們採集這一段吧 |
| [57:32] | We took a section of the femur. | 我們採集了他的一段股骨 |
| [57:44] | We want to find out if the tomb owner was a family member of the first emperor | 我們希望弄清楚 墓主是秦始皇的親人或兒女 |
| [57:47] | or a high-ranking statesman who had no blood relationship. | 還是跟他沒有血緣關係的重臣 |
| [57:55] | If the mystery warrior was a high-ranking government official, | 如果神秘武士曾是政府高官 |
| [57:59] | then we have to look at the possibility of him being one of the conspirators. | 那我們就得審視 他是共謀者之一的可能性 |
| [58:06] | After two years of bloodshed, Hu Hai’s empire was crumbling. | 經過兩年的腥風血雨 胡亥的帝國正在崩潰 |
| [58:12] | And as it did, the conspirators turned on each other. | 與此同時,共謀者彼此反目 |
| [58:17] | The chief minister was the first to die. | 丞相是第一個死去的人 |
| [58:20] | Sentenced to death by the emperor after being double-crossed by Zhao Gao. | 他遭趙高矇騙出賣 然後被皇帝判處死刑 |
| [58:25] | The five punishments were prepared for Li Si. | 他們為李斯準備五刑 |
| [58:29] | And he was condemned to be cut in two at the waist. | 他遭施以腰斬之刑 |
| [58:33] | And once the chief minister was out of the way, | 一等除掉丞相 |
| [58:37] | Zhao Gao set his sights on the emperor himself. | 趙高就盯上皇帝本人 |
| [58:50] | Your Majesty, I’m here to inform you | 陛下,我今天來這裡 |
| [58:53] | that your time as emperor is at an end. | 是要通知你,你的終點到了 |
| [58:59] | If I am no longer to be emperor, | 要我放棄皇位也可以 |
| [59:01] | tell Zhao Gao | 你去向丞相轉達 |
| [59:04] | all I ask is to be king of one county, and I won’t stand in his way. | 我只求當一個郡的王 不會再干涉丞相的事 |
| [59:08] | Zhao Gao will shortly install a new emperor. | 丞相馬上就會立新皇帝 |
| [59:11] | We have no use for kings. | 我們不需要你了 |
| [59:14] | A marquis, then! | 那封侯呢? |
| [59:17] | The hour for daydreams is long past. | 這白日夢該醒了 |
| [59:20] | I ask for nothing then, but to live quietly as a commoner. | 那我什麼都不要 我只想跟妻兒當黔首 |
| [59:25] | I have my orders. | 我有命令在身 |
| [59:27] | And Your Majesty knows very well there can be no loose ends. | 陛下比誰都清楚,凡事就怕萬一 |
| [59:39] | If the record is correct, we can be sure | 如果記錄無誤 |
| [59:41] | that Emperor Hu Hai is not the occupant of the mystery tomb. | 我們可以肯定 胡亥皇帝並非佔用神秘墳墓的人 |
| [59:49] | He was buried without ceremony in a commoner’s grave. | 他被隨意埋葬在平民的墳墓裡 |
| [59:54] | All Zhao Gao’s plotting, though, was about to come back to bite him. | 然而,趙高的一切陰謀 正要為他帶來報應 |
| [59:58] | He chose Hu Hai’s replacement to be easy to control. | 他選擇容易控制的人取代胡亥 |
| [1:00:02] | But the new emperor had his own ideas. | 但新皇帝有自己的想法 |
| [1:00:05] | I put you on the throne. How dare you keep me waiting? | 我扶你登上王位,你竟敢讓我乾等? |
| [1:00:11] | Who are you to disobey my orders? | 是誰教唆你違背我的指令? |
| [1:00:16] | Who? | 誰? |
| [1:00:18] | Zhao Gao! | 趙高! |
| [1:00:20] | So the first thing he did… | 所以他做的第一件事… |
| [1:00:22] | Who are you? | 你是何人? |
| [1:00:31] | …was murder Zhao Gao. | …就是殺害趙高 |
| [1:00:42] | There is no record of where he was buried. | 並無任何記錄顯示他的葬身之地 |
| [1:00:53] | Our preliminary evaluation | 根據初步研判 |
| [1:00:56] | suggests that it should be a male. | 我們判斷這應該是男性 |
| [1:01:00] | But we would like to do a DNA test to find out more about him. | 所以我們想做DNA檢測 以確定他的身分 |
| [1:01:08] | We have to take very small parts of the bones… | 我們把它切割成小塊 |
| [1:01:13] | and send them away to be tested. | 送去做檢測 |
| [1:01:17] | We also found a tooth. | 還有一顆牙齒 |
| [1:01:21] | It was the owner’s premolar. | 我們採集到墓主的一顆前臼齒 |
| [1:01:34] | You can see the development of the tooth, and it has no enamel defects. | 看這牙齒的發育程度 並沒有琺瑯質的缺損 |
| [1:01:41] | It indicates that, during their life, they had sufficient nutrition. | 這說明此人從早年到死亡 一直營養充足 |
| [1:01:49] | There is no dentin exposure, | 這裡沒有牙本質暴露 |
| [1:01:52] | so it should be a young person. | 所以應該是比較年輕的人 |
| [1:01:55] | Hm. | 嗯 |
| [1:01:57] | The age of this person must be between 18 and 22. | 此人應該是18到22歲 |
| [1:02:02] | So he was a young man. | 墓主是個很年輕的青年男性 |
| [1:02:12] | The evidence that the warrior died young | 武士英年早逝的證據 |
| [1:02:15] | rules out the conspirators. | 排除他是共謀者的可能性 |
| [1:02:17] | They were too old. | 他們年紀太大了 |
| [1:02:19] | Revealing the age makes it more likely that he may have been a prince. | 年齡的揭露 增加了他是一位公子的可能性 |
| [1:02:24] | And the detail in the Shiji concerning one prince in particular | 而在《史記》裡 關於某一位公子的細節 |
| [1:02:29] | casts new light on everything found at the warrior’s tomb. | 讓我們對在武士的陵墓裡發現的一切 有了新的認識 |
| [1:02:35] | In the early days of the conspiracy | 在陰謀進行的初期 |
| [1:02:37] | when Hu Hai was murdering his brothers and sisters, | 當胡亥殺害他的兄弟姊妹時 |
| [1:02:40] | one of them, Prince Gao, made a bold decision. | 他們之中的其中一人 也就是公子高,作出一項大膽的決定 |
| [1:02:57] | You must flee, Your Highness. | 請殿下抓緊時間 |
| [1:02:59] | Take your family and leave. | 攜同家眷逃離咸陽 |
| [1:03:05] | Prince Gao wished to flee. | 公子高希望遠走高飛 |
| [1:03:08] | But fearing his family would be arrested and exterminated, | 卻害怕他的家人會遭逮捕和屠殺 |
| [1:03:12] | instead, he delivered a letter for the second emperor. | 於是他向二世皇帝送遞一封信函 |
| [1:03:24] | I should have followed the former emperor in death. | 原本我應該跟隨先帝去赴死 |
| [1:03:27] | But I failed to do so. | 但是我還活著 |
| [1:03:29] | As a son, I have been disloyal. | 為人子,我不孝 |
| [1:03:31] | As a subject, I have been disloyal. | 為人臣,我不忠 |
| [1:03:35] | And one who acts disloyally wins no fame in this world. | 一個不忠不孝之人 已無顏面在這個世上苟活 |
| [1:03:42] | I ask leave to follow the former emperor in death. | 我請求追隨先帝而去 |
| [1:03:49] | My only request is to be buried in the mausoleum at the foot of Mount Li. | 我唯一的要求,就是把我的遺體 葬在驪山腳下的陵墓裡 |
| [1:03:57] | I can but hope that the emperor will take pity and grant my request. | 希望皇上憐憫,答應我這個請求 |
| [1:04:07] | I will pass on your request to the emperor | 我會把你的請求稟告給皇上 |
| [1:04:11] | and bid him give this matter his full attention at his earliest convenience. | 請求皇上盡快處理此事 |
| [1:04:21] | Prince Gao offered to kill himself | 公子高提出自行了斷 |
| [1:04:23] | to save his family from suffering the same fate as his brothers and sisters. | 以拯救家人免於遭受 和他的兄弟姊妹一樣的命運 |
| [1:04:29] | I think what Prince Gao did was a heroic and brave act. | 我認為公子高所做的事 是英勇而高尚的行為 |
| [1:04:34] | And that is probably why the story attracted special attention from Sima Qian | 而這大概就是 此故事引起司馬遷特別關注 |
| [1:04:40] | and made its way into the Shiji. | 並被載入《史記》的原因 |
| [1:04:48] | Sima Qian also tells us | 司馬遷亦告訴我們 |
| [1:04:49] | that Hu Hai was delighted reading the letter from Prince Gao. | 胡亥讀到公子高的信函時很高興 |
| [1:04:55] | And not only did he agree to Prince Gao’s request, | 他不僅答允公子高的請求 |
| [1:05:00] | but he also awarded him with 100,000 bronze coins for his burial. | 更賞賜他十萬銅錢,以作安葬他之用 |
| [1:05:08] | If Shiji is correct, | 如果《史記》所言屬實 |
| [1:05:10] | then we can assume | 那麼我們就能假定 |
| [1:05:11] | that Prince Gao is buried somewhere around the mausoleum site. | 公子高葬於陵墓所在地附近的某處 |
| [1:05:17] | But so far, his tomb has not been identified. | 但到目前為止,他的墳墓尚未被尋獲 |
| [1:05:23] | If we could prove that the mystery warrior was Prince Gao, | 如果我們能證明 那個神秘武士就是公子高 |
| [1:05:28] | that would be a mind-blowing discovery. | 那就會是個驚人的發現 |
| [1:05:34] | Given the tomb owner was young, | 既然墓主的年紀較輕 |
| [1:05:37] | it’s certainly possible that it might be Prince Gao. | 它當然就有可能是公子高的墓葬 |
| [1:05:41] | But we can’t say that for sure based on this. | 但我們也不能就此確認 |
| [1:05:47] | So we need to get it safely to the lab to complete our work. | 所以我們要把它安全地運進實驗室 把這項工作做完 |
| [1:06:07] | It’s safe. Go. Go, it’s safe. Go. | 安全,走 |
| [1:06:12] | We must get it done within an hour. | 一個小時內一定要把這個搞定 |
| [1:06:18] | Pull. | 拉 |
| [1:06:21] | Stop pulling. Stop! | 好,停! |
| [1:06:24] | The wheels are stuck now. | 輪子卡住了 |
| [1:06:27] | The steel track is bent, but it’s going to be okay. | 鋼軌有點彎,但不會影響我們 |
| [1:06:37] | Go on. Go on. Go on. | 走 |
| [1:06:51] | Is it raining outside? | 外面下雨了嗎? |
| [1:06:52] | It’s raining! | 下雨了! |
| [1:06:55] | Get the plastic to cover it! | 拿塑膠紙覆蓋一下! |
| [1:07:05] | Stop pulling. Stop! | 好,停! |
| [1:07:34] | How do I feel? I feel very happy indeed. | 現在的心情嘛,肯定是很高興 |
| [1:07:38] | We have completed such a big project. | 這麼大的工程圓滿完成了 |
| [1:07:43] | We hope that we can find a seal or similar artifacts | 我們希望能在墓主旁邊 發現印章之類的 |
| [1:07:49] | that can prove the identity of the tomb owner conclusively. | 能夠印證墓主身分的資訊和文物 |
| [1:07:57] | We have a lot of faith in it. | 我們抱有很大信心 |
| [1:08:02] | It’s done. | 大功告成 |
| [1:08:07] | All these stories that are circulating for over 2,000 years, | 關於所有這些已流傳兩千多年的故事 |
| [1:08:13] | now that we have such findings… | 如今我們有了這些發現 |
| [1:08:16] | …it will prove that all these figures were true. | 就能證明這些人物全都是真實的人 |
| [1:08:20] | Like Zhao Gao, like Hu Hai, | 例如趙高、胡亥 |
| [1:08:24] | were real people, not characters in a legend, or just a story. | 都真有其人 而非只是傳說或虛構故事中的角色 |
| [1:08:29] | All of these figures will have existed in history. | 所有這些人物都曾存在於歷史之中 |
| [1:08:34] | Now, 50 years on | 現在距離發現 |
| [1:08:36] | from the discovery of the first terracotta warrior, | 第一座兵馬俑 已經過了50年 |
| [1:08:39] | conclusive evidence of systematic destruction | 顯示系統性破壞的確鑿證據 |
| [1:08:43] | has been found all over the site. | 已在遺址各處被尋獲 |
| [1:08:51] | See the red soil? | 那是紅土渣 |
| [1:08:53] | I think this building was destroyed by a fire soon after it was built. | 它應該是在建好之後遭毀壞 過程中可能有火燒的痕跡 |
| [1:08:59] | Across the whole Qin mausoleum, there are traces of burning. | 整個秦陵都有焚燒的痕跡 |
| [1:09:05] | We are not sure when the traces were left. | 這種火燒痕跡是何時造成的 現在還不能確定 |
| [1:09:10] | But what we can confirm is that the damage in the warrior pits happened early, | 但可以肯定的是 最早的兵馬俑陪葬坑的破壞 |
| [1:09:15] | before the wood there had decayed. | 發生在木頭尚未腐朽之時 |
| [1:09:19] | That’s wood charcoal. | 這是木炭 |
| [1:09:23] | When we excavated the east gate, the situation was the same. | 外城東門挖掘時,情況其實也一樣 |
| [1:09:29] | It’s been burned. | 這是被火燒的 |
| [1:09:31] | Yes, exactly. | 是 |
| [1:09:34] | And on these buildings, we found the same traces of burning too. | 至於這些建築上 也有一些火燒的痕跡 |
| [1:09:39] | So all this destruction seems to have happened | 這些破壞可能發生在 |
| [1:09:42] | at around the same time in the late Qin dynasty. | 大概秦朝末年的同一時期 |
| [1:09:48] | When the fall of Qin came, | 在秦滅亡之際 |
| [1:09:50] | it came violently | 它猛然落入 |
| [1:09:53] | at the hands of a rebel general | 一名叛軍將領手中 |
| [1:09:56] | who led his army to the capital and beheaded Hu Hai’s successor. | 他率領軍隊進入京城 將胡亥的繼承人斬首 |
| [1:10:07] | The rebel armies butchered the capital, | 叛軍在京城裡大肆殺戮 |
| [1:10:10] | and the fires burned for three months. | 大火焚燒了三個月 |
| [1:10:16] | There is no written proof that the rebel army | 並無書面證據 |
| [1:10:17] | destroyed the first emperor’s mausoleum. | 表明叛軍曾破壞始皇帝的陵墓 |
| [1:10:22] | But being close to the capital, it would have been a prime target. | 但既然它離京城很近 就應該會是主要目標 |
| [1:10:28] | In my opinion, the theft, | 我個人認為,兵馬俑坑裡面 被盜竊、破壞和焚毀的現象 |
| [1:10:34] | should be attributed to this rebel army. | 責任應該歸於叛軍身上 |
| [1:10:40] | They had the numbers and the power, and they had opportunity and time. | 他們有人力和力量,也有機會和時間 |
| [1:10:45] | It’s likely some of the soldiers | 軍中有些人也許是 |
| [1:10:46] | had been convicts forced to work on the construction. | 原本就曾在秦始皇陵服勞役 |
| [1:10:50] | So they would have remembered where things were buried. | 他們可能記得 大概在什麼地方埋藏過什麼 |
| [1:10:53] | Hey, they’re down here! | 哎,下邊有東西! |
| [1:10:56] | It was revenge. | 所以這是他們的報復行動 |
| [1:11:19] | When all under heaven had been settled, | 當天下平定 |
| [1:11:22] | the house of Qin fell because they ruled without humanity or righteousness. | 秦室就滅亡 這是因為其統治不帶人性或公義 |
| [1:11:39] | I think the Qins’ cruel way of mobilizing | 我認為秦氏 動員 |
| [1:11:43] | and punishing the population | 和懲罰人民的殘酷方式 |
| [1:11:46] | led to the destruction of the mausoleum. | 導致陵墓被毀 |
| [1:11:51] | But the high level of artistic creativity did not grow from this cruelty. | 但那種高水平藝術創意 並非源自這份殘酷 |
| [1:12:01] | It grew out of the fusion of different cultural elements | 而是源自 今天我們稱為“中國”之地的各處 |
| [1:12:05] | from various parts of what we call China today. | 不同文化元素的融合 |
| [1:12:13] | The first emperor’s vision of a unified China survived. | 始皇帝的大一統中國願景存活了下來 |
| [1:12:20] | It survived the fall of the Qin dynasty. | 縱然秦朝滅亡,它卻依然留存 |
| [1:12:23] | And it is still very much alive today. | 至今仍然鮮活茁壯 |
| [1:12:28] | I think, in the end, the warriors were destroyed | 我想,說到底,兵俑被摧毀 |
| [1:12:30] | due to the harsh conditions that they were created in. | 是因為它們在惡劣條件下被創造出來 |
| [1:12:34] | But they also show us what human beings were capable of doing 2,200 years ago. | 但它們也向我們展示 人類在2200年前能夠做到的事 |
| [1:12:40] | To me, even after all this time, | 對我而言,即使已歷經漫長歲月 |
| [1:12:43] | the warriors are a reminder of the magnificence of the human spirit. | 這些兵俑依然提醒著我們 人類精神何其輝煌 |
| [1:12:47] | And they still have the power to take our breath away. | 它們依然能夠讓我們驚嘆不已 |
| [1:13:01] | This is his footboard. | 這是它的踏板 |
| [1:13:10] | My whole life has been dedicated to archaeology. | 考古工作對我來說就是生活的主軸 |
| [1:13:16] | It’s been 48 or 49 years now. | 到現在已經48、49年了 |
| [1:13:23] | Making the warriors known to the world | 讓兵馬俑得見天日的責任 |
| [1:13:26] | was a task that fell on our shoulders. | 落在我們現代人身上 |
| [1:13:30] | It was an honor for us. | 對我們來說,感覺是榮幸的事情 |
| [1:13:46] | The warriors are my dearest friends. | 我與秦俑情深意切如手足 |
| [1:13:52] | When they are loved by people all over the world, | 它們受到世上人民如此喜愛 |
| [1:13:56] | it makes me very happy. | 我當然非常高興 |
| [1:14:05] | It was difficult at times, | 考古工作很艱苦 |
| [1:14:09] | but in the greatest hardship, we find the greatest joy. | 但在苦中作樂,是最大的快樂 |
| [1:14:13] | Just as flowers watered by perspiration are the most beautiful… | 正如以汗水澆灌的鮮花最為美麗 |
| [1:14:20] | the terracotta warriors | 看到以自己的辛勤勞動澆灌的兵馬俑 |
| [1:14:26] | gave us the greatest happiness. | 心裡最是高興 |