英文名称：A Brief History of Time
年代：1991
推荐：千部英美剧台词本阅读
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| [02:08] | Which came first the chicken or the egg? | 是先有鸡还是先有蛋 |
| [02:16] | Did the universe have a beginning… | 宇宙有起源吗 |
| [02:19] | and if so, what happened before then? | 如果有 那么在宇宙之前又是什么 |
| [02:26] | Where did the universe come from… | 宇宙从何而来 |
| [02:29] | and where is it going? | 它又将去向何方 |
| [03:03] | Luck. Luck. Well… | 运气好 |
| [03:07] | we have been very lucky | 我们都很幸运 |
| [03:09] | I mean, my family and Stephen and everybody. | 我是说 我的家人 史蒂芬和所有人 |
| [03:13] | You have your disasters, but the point is that we have survived. | 曾经多灾多难 关键是我们生存下来了 |
| [03:16] | Everybody has disasters, and yet some people disappear… | 每个人都面临着灾难 一些人消失了 |
| [03:18] | and are never seen again. | 再也见不到了 |
| [03:32] | Flying bombs are very alarming. | 飞弹总是让人绷紧神经 |
| [03:35] | They came buzzing over… | 它们呼啸而来 |
| [03:38] | and then they would cut out. | 然后戛然而止 |
| [03:41] | And when you heard the bang, you knew it wasn’t you… | 你听到嘭的一声 你知道你没有被炸 |
| [03:44] | so you went back to your meal or whatever. | 你继续吃饭或者做其他的事 |
| [03:47] | But one did fall quite close to our house… | 但是真的有个炸弹掉在我们的房子边上 |
| [03:50] | and it blew the back windows out… | 震破了玻璃 |
| [03:52] | so that the glass was sticking dagger points all out of the opposite wall. | 碎玻璃片像尖刀一样打到对面的墙上 |
| [03:59] | When Stephen was born, we decided. .. | 当史蒂芬要出生时 我们决定 |
| [04:01] | He’d better be born in Oxford. | 他最好是出生在牛津 |
| [04:04] | So while I was staying in the hospital… | 所以当我呆在医院的时候 |
| [04:07] | I went to Blackwell’s in Oxford… | 我去了牛津的布莱克威尔医院 |
| [04:10] | and I bought an astronomical atlas. | 我买了一本天文图集 |
| [04:14] | One of my sisters-in-law said… | 我的一个弟媳说 |
| [04:17] | “This is a very prophetic thing for you to have done.” | “这是你做的很有预见性的一件事” |
| [04:26] | How real is time? | 时间有多真实 |
| [04:29] | Will it ever come to an end? | 时间有没有终点 |
| [04:35] | Where does the difference between the past and the future come from? | 过去和未来有什么区别 |
| [04:43] | Why do We remember the past. .. | 为什么我们能回忆起过去 |
| [04:45] | But not the future? | 而不是将来 |
| [04:52] | I can remember the day… | 我还记得那天 |
| [04:54] | when we traveled through London and the blackout was over. | 我们经过伦敦 然后灯火管制刚结束 |
| [05:02] | And the trains, instead of being shut in… | 火车仍然在行驶 |
| [05:05] | by blinds so that you just traveled in a train… | 通过火车的百叶窗看去 |
| [05:08] | we were coming over one of the bridges… | 我们正经过一座座的铁路桥 |
| [05:10] | and all the lights well, such lights as were left | 看到灯光闪耀 灯光消逝的地方 |
| [05:13] | were on in London, but it was also a completely starry night… | 便是伦敦城区 那也是一个星光闪耀的夜晚 |
| [05:17] | and you could see the light. It was beautiful. | 你能看到那些星光 非常漂亮 |
| [05:24] | I remember we all used to lie on the grass, | 我记得我们都常常躺在草坪上 |
| [05:26] | looking straight up through a telescope… | 透过望远镜 |
| [05:29] | and seeing the wonders of the stars. | 仰望璀璨的星空 |
| [05:32] | Stephen always had a strong sense of wonder… | 史蒂芬总是充满了好奇 |
| [05:36] | and I could see that the stars would draw him… | 我知道那些星星吸引了他 |
| [05:39] | and further than the stars. | 还有比星星还要深远的东西 |
| [05:44] | I was born exactly 300 years… | 我出生于伽利略逝世 |
| [05:47] | after the death of Galileo. | 300周年纪念日 |
| [05:52] | I estimate that about 200, 000 other babies… | 我估计有二十万婴儿 |
| [05:56] | were also born that day. | 在那天出生 |
| [06:01] | I don’t know whether any of them… | 我不知道他们中是否有些人 |
| [06:03] | was later interested in astronomy. | 后来对天文学感兴趣 |
| [06:09] | My first memory is of Isobel… | 我最初的记忆是伊泽贝尔 |
| [06:11] | pushing a rather antiquated… | 推着老旧的 |
| [06:14] | carriage-built pram along North Road… | 马车改装的婴儿车在北方大道上走着 |
| [06:17] | with Stephen and Mary in it… | 史蒂芬和玛丽在车内 |
| [06:19] | sort of looking very large… | 看上去非常大 |
| [06:22] | because they had large heads and pink cheeks, and they were very noticeable. | 因为他们大大的脑袋 粉红的脸颊 十分引人注目 |
| [06:26] | They all looked different from ordinary people. | 他们看上去和常人不同 |
| [06:32] | I can remember visiting the Hawking home… | 我记得到霍金家拜访 |
| [06:36] | oh, several times. | 好多次了 |
| [06:38] | It was the sort of place where, if invited to stay to supper… | 如果留下来吃晚饭的话 |
| [06:41] | you might, uh… | 你可以 |
| [06:43] | be allowed to have your conversation with Stephen… | 可以和小史蒂芬说说话 |
| [06:46] | but the rest of the family would be sitting… | 但是其他家庭成员会坐在 |
| [06:49] | at the table reading a book… | 桌边阅读 |
| [06:51] | a behavior which was not really approved of in my circle… | 在我的观念里这样做是不允许的 |
| [06:55] | but which was tolerated from the Hawkings… | 但是霍金一家却很宽容 |
| [06:57] | because they were recognized to be… | 他们看起来 |
| [06:59] | very eccentric, highly intelligent… | 非常特别 智商很高 |
| [07:03] | very clever people… | 非常聪明 |
| [07:05] | but still a bit odd. | 但是还是有一点古怪 |
| [07:09] | My impression of the Hawking family was that they were all like that… | 在我的印象中 霍金家族中 |
| [07:13] | except for Stephen, who seemed to be… | 只有史蒂芬看上去 |
| [07:16] | the only normal member of the family. | 是一位正常的成员 |
| [07:20] | Stephen used to reckon he knew, I think it was… | 史蒂芬常常猜想自己知道 我认为 |
| [07:23] | 11 ways of getting into the house, and I could only find ten. | 有11条进房间的路线 我只找到10条 |
| [07:28] | I’m not sure where the other way was. | 我不是很确定那一条路在哪里 |
| [07:32] | On the north side of the house was a bicycle shed. | 房子的北面是一间自行车棚 |
| [07:36] | It had a door at the front and a door at the back. | 有前后门 |
| [07:40] | Above that, there was a Window into the L-shaped room… | 车棚上面有个窗户通往L型的房间 |
| [07:45] | and at the front you could get sort of around the corner… | 前面有个拐角你可以从那里 |
| [07:48] | onto the roof .. | 上到屋顶去 |
| [07:51] | And from that level… | 从那里 |
| [07:54] | you could get onto the main roof. | 你能到达主楼屋顶 |
| [07:57] | I think one of the ways… | 我想其中一条路是 |
| [07:59] | Stephen could get in was on the main roof. | 史蒂芬可以从主楼屋顶进去 |
| [08:04] | As I say, he was a much better climber than I was. | 要我说 他比我会爬得多 |
| [08:10] | I still didn’t know what the 11th one was. | 我仍然不知道第11条路是什么 |
| [08:17] | Before the 20th century… | 在20世纪以前 |
| [08:19] | it was thought that the universe had existed forever… | 人们认为宇宙会永远存在 |
| [08:24] | or had been created at some time in the past… | 或形成于过去某个时间点 |
| [08:27] | more or less as we observe it today. | 跟我们今天观测到的差不多 |
| [08:32] | People found comfort in the thought… | 人们觉得这样很有说服力 |
| [08:36] | that even though they may grow old and die… | 尽管他们会衰老和死亡 |
| [08:39] | the universe was eternal and unchanging. | 而宇宙是亘古不变的 |
| [08:45] | I gave up playing games with Stephen… | 我不再和霍金玩那个游戏 |
| [08:50] | oh, when he was ill that time when he was about 12… | 那时候他生病了 大概12岁 |
| [08:54] | because he started taking games terribly seriously. | 因为他开始对游戏异常认真 |
| [08:57] | We had Monopoly… | 我们玩的是《大富翁》 |
| [09:00] | and first of all… | 首先 |
| [09:03] | the Monopoly board sprang railways going across it. .. | 在《大富翁》棋盘上建起贯穿的铁路 |
| [09:07] | To add to the complications… | 以增加复杂性 |
| [09:09] | and then Monopoly just wasn’t adaptable enough. | 后来《大富翁》满足不了他的需求 |
| [09:12] | He ended up with a fearful game called Dynasty… | 他开始玩更可怕的游戏《王朝》 |
| [09:16] | which, as far as I can make out I never played it | 我不会玩这种游戏 我从没玩过 |
| [09:19] | went on forever because there was no way of ending it. | 他就会一直玩 因为这游戏没有终点 |
| [09:23] | It was almost a substitute for living, as far as I could make out. | 在我看来 快要取代生活了 |
| [09:26] | It took hours and hours and hours. | 他在游戏上花费一个又一个小时 |
| [09:29] | I thought it was a perfectly terrible game. | 我认为这是个非常可怕的游戏 |
| [09:32] | I couldn’t imagine anyone getting taken up with that. | 我难以想象有人能花这么多时间 |
| [09:34] | But Stephen always had a very complicated mind… | 但是史蒂芬有很复杂的思维 |
| [09:37] | and I felt as much as anything… | 我觉得就是因为 |
| [09:39] | it was the complication of it that appealed to him. | 这种复杂度吸引了他 |
| [09:44] | When I was in high school, I learned that light… | 我高中的时候 我学到 |
| [09:47] | from distant galaxies was shifted to the red. | 来自遥远星系的光会发生红移 |
| [09:53] | This meant that they were moving away from us… | 那意味着它们在远离我们 |
| [09:56] | and that the universe was expanding. | 宇宙在膨胀 |
| [10:00] | But I didn’t believe it. | 但是我不相信 |
| [10:06] | A static universe seemed much more natural. | 一个静态的宇宙看起来更加自然 |
| [10:11] | It could have existed… | 它可能已经存在 |
| [10:13] | and could continue to exist forever. | 并且永远存在下去 |
| [10:20] | We were discussing the possibility… | 我们当时在讨论 |
| [10:23] | of the spontaneous generation of life… | 生命自然产生的可能性 |
| [10:26] | and I think that Stephen made a remark… | 我认为从史蒂芬的讨论中 |
| [10:29] | which indicated not only that he’d thought of this… | 不仅能看出他已经想到这一点 |
| [10:32] | but he’d even also… | 他甚至已经 |
| [10:34] | come across some calculations.. | 对这一过程所需的时间 |
| [10:37] | as to how long it might take. | 做了一些计算 |
| [10:40] | At that time, | 那一刻 |
| [10:42] | I think I made a comment…to one of my friends, John McClenahan… | 我对其中一位朋友 约翰·麦克莱纳说 |
| [10:45] | “I think that Stephen… | “我觉得史蒂芬这个人” |
| [10:48] | will turn out to be unusually capable.” | “能力非凡” |
| [10:50] | I don’t think I put it in quite those words… | 我不确定我当时就是这么说的 |
| [10:53] | but I made some such remark to him… | 但我做了类似这样的评价 |
| [10:55] | and he disagreed. | 约翰并不认同 |
| [10:58] | And so we made a bet on the subject. | 所以我们打了个赌 |
| [11:01] | In our childish way, we bet… | 用我们小时候的方法 |
| [11:03] | a bag of sweets on the issue. | 赌注是一袋糖果 |
| [11:06] | And incidentally, I reckon that my bet has come correct… | 顺便说一句 我认为我敢赌我是正确的 |
| [11:10] | and I think I’m entitled to payment… | 我觉得他该付我赌注 |
| [11:13] | which has not yet been made. | 虽然我现在还没收到 |
| [11:19] | The expansion of the universe… | 宇宙膨胀 |
| [11:21] | suggested the possibility… | 暗示着一种可能性 |
| [11:23] | that the universe had a beginning… | 宇宙起源于 |
| [11:26] | at some time in the past. | 过去的某个时间点 |
| [11:30] | The point at which the universe may have started out. .. | 宇宙起源的时间点 |
| [11:34] | Became known as the Big Bang. | 被称作大爆炸 |
| [11:45] | The first year he was at St. Albans School… | 他第一年在圣阿尔本兹学校的时候 |
| [11:47] | he came, I think, third from the bottom. | 成绩倒数第三名 |
| [11:52] | I said, “Well, Stephen… | 我对他说 “好吧 史蒂芬” |
| [11:54] | do you really have to be as far down as that?” | “你真的想变得那么差吗” |
| [11:58] | And he said, “Well… | 他说道 |
| [12:00] | a lot of other people didn’t do much better.” | “很多人都没有做得更好” |
| [12:02] | He was quite unconcerned. | 他一点也不在意 |
| [12:06] | Somehow he was always recognized… | 不知为何 他总是被认为 |
| [12:09] | as being very bright. .. | 很聪明 |
| [12:12] | And in fact they gave him the Divinity Prize one year. | 事实上他有一年获得过神学奖 |
| [12:15] | That was not surprising | 这没有什么奇怪的 |
| [12:17] | because his father used to read him… | 因为他爸爸在他很小的时候就常常给他 |
| [12:19] | Bible stories from a very early age… | 朗读一些圣经的故事 |
| [12:21] | and he knew them all very well… | 他对那些故事很熟悉 |
| [12:23] | and he was quite well-versed in religious things… | 他对宗教的一些事非常精通 |
| [12:26] | although I don’t think he makes a great deal of practice of it now. | 然而我不认为他是通过大量的练习才熟悉的 |
| [12:30] | Everybody used to argue theology. | 每个人都会谈论神学 |
| [12:34] | That’s a good, safe subject. | 那是一个好的安全的话题 |
| [12:37] | You don’t need any facts or… | 你不需要事实或者 |
| [12:40] | distracting things like that. | 分散注意力 |
| [12:43] | If you go in for arguing | 如果你参与讨论 |
| [12:48] | you know, debating you can quite happily debate about anything… | 你可以愉快地辩论任何事 |
| [12:52] | including theology… | 包括神学 |
| [12:54] | and the existence or otherwise of God. | 上帝存在及其形式 |
| [13:00] | And then someone gets bored… | 一些人会厌倦了 |
| [13:03] | or Journey Into Space comes on, or something like that… | 就会谈论星际旅行 或者类似这些的 |
| [13:06] | and the argument breaks up. | 然后讨论到此结束 |
| [13:11] | In an unchanging universe… | 在亘古不变的宇宙中 |
| [13:13] | one can imagine that God created the universe… | 我们可以想象是上帝于过去的某个时间 |
| [13:17] | at literally any time in the past. | 创造了宇宙 |
| [13:21] | On the other hand… | 另一方面 |
| [13:24] | if the universe is expanding… | 如果宇宙在膨胀 |
| [13:26] | there may be physical reasons… | 那可能有物理原因 |
| [13:29] | why there had to be a beginning. | 为什么一定要有起源呢 |
| [13:33] | An expanding universe does not preclude a creator… | 宇宙的膨胀并不排除创造者 |
| [13:37] | but it does place limits… | 但是它在上帝是何时创世这方面 |
| [13:39] | on when he might have carried out his job. | 有局限性 |
| [13:46] | When the family went to India… | 我们一家到了印度 |
| [13:49] | it was arranged that Stephen should come and live with us for a year. | 史蒂芬也来和我们一起住一年 |
| [13:54] | He decided it would be nice… | 他认为我们 |
| [13:56] | that we should have…Scottish dancing in the evening. | 晚上应该跳苏格兰舞是很好的 |
| [14:01] | Mind you, this was quite an ordinary house… | 提醒你一下 这是一间很普通的房子 |
| [14:04] | but we had rather a lot of room and a large hall… | 但是我们有很多房间和一个大厅 |
| [14:08] | and so we bought some records… | 我们买了一些唱片 |
| [14:11] | and a book about what to do… | 和一本消遣的书 |
| [14:15] | and Stephen took charge. | 史蒂芬开始主持 |
| [14:18] | And he insisted you put on a jacket and a tie. | 他坚持让你穿夹克打领带 |
| [14:22] | And then he was the master of the proceedings. | 他来当晚会的主持 |
| [14:27] | And Stephen took it very seriously. | 史蒂芬很认真地在做 |
| [14:29] | But then he liked dancing, you see? | 但他喜欢跳舞 发现了吗 |
| [14:35] | There were four physicists in my year | 有四位物理学家与我同级 |
| [14:39] | Gordon Berry… | 戈登·贝瑞 |
| [14:41] | Richard Bryan… | 里查德·布莱恩 |
| [14:43] | Stephen… | 史蒂芬 |
| [14:45] | myself. | 和我自己 |
| [14:48] | I first remember Stephen… | 我对史蒂芬最初的印象是 |
| [14:52] | on an occasion when Gordon and I went up after dinner to his room… | 有一次 我和戈登吃完饭去史蒂芬的房间 |
| [14:55] | to try to find him. | 找他 |
| [14:59] | And Stephen was up there… | 史蒂芬正在那里 |
| [15:01] | with a crate of beer… | 那儿有一箱啤酒 |
| [15:03] | slowly drinking his way through it. | 慢慢地喝着啤酒 |
| [15:07] | He was only 17. He couldn’t legally go into a pub. | 他只有17岁 不允许去酒吧 |
| [15:11] | He’d gone up to Oxford ridiculously early. | 他很小就去了牛津大学读书 |
| [15:19] | We used to have what we called a gathering net. | 我们常常聚会 |
| [15:23] | We used to organize a beer party and various things like that… | 组织啤酒派对或者类似的活动 |
| [15:27] | to gather all these collar as many freshman as we could get… | 以邀请尽可能多的新生 |
| [15:30] | to get them to join the Boat Club. | 让他们加入划船俱乐部 |
| [15:33] | And that’s how we collected him, you see? | 我们就是这样认识他的 |
| [15:42] | But the question always with Stephen was… | 但是史蒂芬的问题是 |
| [15:46] | “Should we make him the cox of the first eight… | “我们应该让他做第一批的八个舵手之一” |
| [15:49] | or the second eight?” | “还是第二批” |
| [15:52] | Well, coxes can be adventurous… | 有些舵手比较冒险 |
| [15:55] | and some coxes can be very steady people. | 有些则很沉稳 |
| [15:59] | He was rather an adventurous type. | 他属于冒险的那一类 |
| [16:04] | You never knew quite what he was going to do… | 你永远也不知道他接下来会干什么 |
| [16:06] | when he went out with the crew. | 当他和船员一起的时候 |
| [16:13] | I think he used to bring his work with him into the boat sometimes. | 他有时候会想些自己的事情 |
| [16:17] | His sort of thinking gear was going… | 在船上他思维的齿轮开始转动 |
| [16:20] | on different levels. | 在不同层次上 |
| [16:24] | We were asked to read chapter 10… | 我们被要求阅读 |
| [16:29] | in a book called Electricity and Magnetism… | 一本书的第十章 书名叫电磁学 |
| [16:32] | by Bleaney and Bleaney, an unlikely combination | 由布里尼夫妇所著 一个不太可能的组合 |
| [16:34] | a husband-and-wife team | 他们是夫妻档 |
| [16:37] | and at the end of that chapter, there were 13 questions… | 在第十章的最后部分 有13个问题 |
| [16:40] | all of them final honors questions. | 都是具有挑战性的问题 |
| [16:44] | I discovered very rapidly that I couldn’t do any of them. | 我很快发现我一个都不会做 |
| [16:48] | Richard and I worked together for the week… | 理查德和我一起做了一个星期 |
| [16:51] | and we managed to do 1 1/2 questions… | 我们做出了1道半 |
| [16:53] | which we felt very proud of. | 我们感到很骄傲 |
| [16:55] | Gordon refused all assistance… | 戈登拒绝外援 |
| [16:57] | and managed to do one all by himself. | 独立做出了1道题 |
| [17:01] | Stephen, as always, hadn’t even started… | 史蒂芬 像往常一样 甚至还没开始 |
| [17:04] | but the next morning, he went’ up to his rooms at 9:00. .. | 但是第二天早上 他9点钟进房间 |
| [17:09] | And we came back about 12:00, maybe five past 12:00… | 我们回来是12点 也可能是12点5分 |
| [17:12] | and down came Stephen, and we were in the college gateway, the lodge. | 史蒂芬随后也来了 我们在大学门口的长廊碰到 |
| [17:17] | “Ah, Hawking,” I said, “how many have you managed to do, then?” | “霍金” 我说 “你做出了多少” |
| [17:20] | “Well,” he said, “I’ve only had time to do the first ten.” | “好吧” 他说 “我只有时间做前十道” |
| [17:26] | I think at that point we realized | 在那一刻 |
| [17:27] | that it’s not just we weren’t in the same street. | 我们认识到我们不仅仅不是一路人 |
| [17:30] | We weren’t on the same planet. | 我们根本就不是一类人 |
| [17:36] | I once calculated… | 我曾算过 |
| [17:38] | that I did about 1, 000 hours’ work… | 我在牛津的三年里 |
| [17:41] | in the three years I was at Oxford | 做过1 000个小时的工作 |
| [17:45] | an average of an hour a day. | 平均每天一小时 |
| [17:48] | I am not proud of this lack of work. | 我不会因为不勤于工作而感到骄傲 |
| [17:51] | I am just describing my attitude at the time… | 我只是在描述我当时的态度 |
| [17:56] | an attitude that nothing was worth making an effort for. | 当时就觉得没有什么是值得努力的 |
| [18:04] | He used to produce his work every week for tutorial… | 每个星期的课外辅导他都做些研究 |
| [18:07] | and, as he never kept any notes… | 因为他从来不保留笔记 |
| [18:11] | or papers or that sort of thing… | 草稿或者类似这些资料 |
| [18:14] | on leaving my room, he would normally throw it in my wastepaper basket. | 离开我房间的时候 他都把那些会扔到我的垃圾桶里 |
| [18:18] | And when he was with other undergraduates at the tutorial… | 当他和其他一些大学生一起做研究 |
| [18:23] | and they saw this happen, they were absolutely horrified… | 他们看到这些时 完全吓坏了 |
| [18:25] | ’cause they thought, he did this work in probably half an hour… | 因为他们认为 他只要半小时就完成的工作 |
| [18:29] | If they could have done it in a year, | 如果他们能在一年内完成 |
| [18:31] | they wouldn’t have thrown it in the wastepaper basket. | 他们都不会扔到废纸篓里 |
| [18:33] | They would’ve put it in a frame on their walls. | 而是把它们裱起来挂到墙上 |
| [18:37] | Because of my lack of work… | 由于我疏于学习 |
| [18:40] | I had planned to get through the final exam… | 我打算解决理论物理的问题 |
| [18:43] | by doing problems in theoretical physics… | 来通过我的期末考试 |
| [18:46] | and avoiding any questions that required factual knowledge. | 并避开需要事实性知识的问题 |
| [18:53] | I didn’t do very well. | 我做的不是很好 |
| [18:57] | I was on the borderline between a first- and second-class degree… | 我处在一等和二等学位的边界 |
| [19:02] | and I had to be interviewed to determine which I should get. | 我不得不通过面试来决定我能够获得第几等 |
| [19:08] | They asked me about my future plans. | 他们询问我的未来计划 |
| [19:12] | I replied, if they gave me a first… | 我回答到 如果他们给我第一等 |
| [19:16] | I would go to Cambridge. | 我就会去剑桥大学 |
| [19:20] | If I only got a second… | 如果我获得二等学位 |
| [19:22] | I would stay in Oxford. | 我就留在牛津 |
| [19:26] | They gave me a first. | 他们给了我一等学位 |
| [19:35] | I drove Stephen and his young brother… | 我带着史蒂芬和他的弟弟 |
| [19:38] | out to Woburn Park… | 去沃本公园 |
| [19:41] | and he climbed a tree. | 他爬上一棵树 |
| [19:43] | He was testing himself out, I think. I didn’t realize. | 我想他在测试自己 我没有意识到 |
| [19:46] | He did manage to climb a tree… | 他能够爬树 |
| [19:48] | and go along a branch of it and get himself down. | 沿着树枝把自己弄下来 |
| [19:51] | I think he began to notice that his hands… | 我想他开始认识到自己的双手 |
| [19:54] | were less useful than they had been… | 没有曾经那么好用了 |
| [19:57] | but he didn’t tell us. | 但是他没有告诉我们 |
| [20:02] | Univ has these square staircases… | 大学里有些垂直的楼梯 |
| [20:04] | which are round but they’re square. | 圆角但却是垂直的 |
| [20:07] | It was just coming down from one of the rooms. | 他从一个房间出来 |
| [20:10] | Steve actually fell on the stairs coming downstairs… | 史蒂芬从楼梯上摔了下来 |
| [20:14] | and kind of bounced all the way down to the bottom. | 一直滚到底部 |
| [20:17] | I don’t know if he lost consciousness, but he lost his memory. | 我不知道他是否失去了意识 但他失忆了 |
| [20:23] | We took him to either my room or someone’s room. | 我们把他弄到一个地方 不是我房间也不是别人的房间 |
| [20:27] | The first question of course was, “Who am I?” | 他第一个问题就问 “我是谁” |
| [20:29] | We told him, “You’re Steve Hawking.” | 我们告诉他 “你是史蒂芬·霍金” |
| [20:32] | Right away he would ask again, “Who am I?” | 接下来他立马又问了一遍 “我是谁” |
| [20:36] | “Steve Hawking.” | “史蒂芬·霍金” |
| [20:38] | Then, after a couple of minutes, he remembered he was Steve Hawking. | 接着 过了几分钟 他想起他是史蒂芬·霍金 |
| [20:42] | Then we’d say, “Do you remember going down to the bar… | 然后我们问他 “你还记得星期天晚上” |
| [20:45] | and having a drink on Sunday night?” | “你去酒吧喝酒么” |
| [20:48] | Or, “Do you remember coxing on the river on Monday?” | 或者 “你还记得星期一我们在河上划船么” |
| [20:52] | And his memory came back gradually… | 他的记忆逐渐恢复了 |
| [20:54] | until he could remember the previous day’s events, | 直到他能记起几天前的一些事 |
| [20:56] | and then the previous hour… | 然后是几小时前 |
| [20:58] | and by the end of the two hours, he could remember everything. | 后来的两个小时他能记起每一件事 |
| [21:02] | The question was, “Well, maybe you’ve lost… | 问题是 “你可能因为这个损伤了” |
| [21:04] | some of your mind because of this.” | “一些脑细胞” |
| [21:06] | And so Steve decided, “Well, I’ll take the Mensa test.” | 然后史蒂芬说 “这样的话 我要参加门萨考试” |
| [21:11] | We said, “Of course you’ll get in.” | 我们回应道 “你一定会进的” |
| [21:13] | But he came back delighted he was able to get into Mensa. | 他回来很高兴他能够进入门萨 |
| [21:16] | Absolutely delighted. | 极其欣喜 |
| [21:29] | I felt that there were two areas… | 我感觉理论物理 |
| [21:32] | of theoretical physics… | 有两个领域 |
| [21:34] | I might study at Cambridge. | 我在剑桥可能会研究的两个领域 |
| [21:38] | One was cosmology, the study of the very large. | 一个是宇宙学 研究宏观 |
| [21:45] | The other was elementary particles… | 另一个是基本粒子 |
| [21:49] | the study of the very small. | 研究微观 |
| [21:54] | However, I thought elementary particles… | 然而 我认为基础粒子 |
| [21:56] | were less attractive… | 缺乏吸引力 |
| [21:58] | because there was no proper theory. | 因为没有合适的理论 |
| [22:03] | All they could do… | 他们所要做的 |
| [22:04] | was arrange the particles in families… | 就是粒子的分类 |
| [22:08] | like in botany. | 就像植物学 |
| [22:12] | In cosmology, on the other hand… | 而在宇宙学里 换句话说 |
| [22:15] | there was a well-defined theory | 有定义明确的理论 |
| [22:18] | Einstein’s general theory of relativity. | 爱因斯坦的相对论 |
| [22:29] | It was a very cold year… | 那一年很冷 |
| [22:33] | and the ice on Verulamium Pond… | 维鲁拉米恩池塘 |
| [22:37] | it was frozen there… | 都结了冰 |
| [22:40] | and we all went skating. | 我们一起出去滑冰 |
| [22:43] | And Stephen managed to skate fairly well… | 史蒂芬滑的相当好 |
| [22:46] | but then, he and I were close together. | 但是后来 他离我非常的近 |
| [22:49] | He wasn’t skating in a very advanced way… | 他滑冰的水平不是很高 |
| [22:51] | but nor was I, if it comes to that. | 但我会那样滑 |
| [22:54] | He fell… | 他摔倒了 |
| [22:56] | and he couldn’t get up. | 爬不起来 |
| [22:59] | So I took him to a cafe to warm up… | 我带着他来到咖啡馆暖身 |
| [23:03] | and he told me then all about it. | 他告诉我关于这件事的一切 |
| [23:07] | And it was diagnosed. | 并且是确诊的 |
| [23:10] | I insisted on going to see his doctor… | 我坚持要见他的医生 |
| [23:14] | because it seemed to me however long you’re going to live… | 因为不管他还能活多久 |
| [23:17] | there’s probably something someone can do about it | 我都想知道有没有什么方法或什么人能够帮助他 |
| [23:19] | at least anyhow to make things easier for people. | 至少能让人更容易接受 |
| [23:22] | I won’t mention the doctor’s name… | 我不想提医生的名字 |
| [23:25] | but I got to see him at the London Clinic. | 我和他在伦敦的诊所见面 |
| [23:29] | He was rather surprised that I should bother to come ’round to see him. | 他见到我很惊奇 我竟然不辞劳苦地找到他 |
| [23:33] | After all, I was only Stephen’s mother. | 毕竟 我只是史蒂芬的母亲 |
| [23:35] | He was quite nice. He agreed to see me in a rather grand way. | 他非常友好 他同意和我正式会面 |
| [23:39] | And he said, “Yes, it’s all very sad. | 他说道 “是的 非常抱歉” |
| [23:42] | Brilliant young man cut off in the prime of his youth.” | “才华横溢的年轻人在他的年轻时即将陨落” |
| [23:45] | But of course I said, “What can we do? | 当然我问 “我们该怎么做” |
| [23:47] | What can we do to sort of | “有什么我们可以做的” |
| [23:49] | Can we get physiotherapy? | “需要做理疗么” |
| [23:51] | Can we get anything like that that will help in any way?” | “有没有什么能帮到忙吗” |
| [23:55] | He said, “Well, actually, no. | 他说 “事实上 没有” |
| [23:57] | There’s nothing I can do, really. More or less, that’s it.” | “真的 我不能帮上一点忙 差不多 就是这样” |
| [24:04] | Shortly after my 21 st birthday… | 我21岁生日后不久 |
| [24:07] | I went into hospital for tests. | 我来到医院检查 |
| [24:12] | They took a muscle sample from my arm… | 他们取了我的手臂肌肉样本 |
| [24:15] | stuck electrodes into me… | 把电极插在我身上 |
| [24:17] | and injected some radiopaque fluid into my spine… | 把显影剂注入我的脊椎 |
| [24:21] | and watched it going up and down with X-rays… | 然后把床倾斜用X光扫描 |
| [24:24] | as they tilted the bed. | 从头扫到尾 |
| [24:29] | I was diagnosed as having ALS | 我被诊断为ALS |
| [24:32] | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | 肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症 |
| [24:35] | or motor neuron disease, as it is also known. | 又叫做运动神经元疾病 |
| [24:41] | The doctors could offer no cure… | 医生没有治疗方案 |
| [24:44] | and gave me 21/2 years to live. | 告诉我只剩下2年半的时间可活 |
| [24:57] | I went into the graduates’ common room… | 我来到毕业生休息室 |
| [25:01] | looking, really, for someone to have lunch with. | 找有谁能一起吃饭的 |
| [25:03] | There was nobody around that I particularly wished to have lunch with… | 没有人我期望的那样能够陪我一起吃午饭 |
| [25:07] | and then Stephen walked through the door. | 这时 史蒂芬进了房间 |
| [25:09] | I don’t know what he was doing at Oxford. I’ve certainly forgotten now. | 我不知道他在牛津干什么 我已经忘记了 |
| [25:12] | And so Stephen generously went off… | 史蒂芬慷慨地出去 |
| [25:16] | to buy the drinks… | 买了些喝的 |
| [25:18] | and brought them and put them on the table. | 带回来放在桌子上 |
| [25:21] | And as he put his pint of beer down… | 他放下一品脱啤酒 |
| [25:23] | he spilled it. | 他分了一下 |
| [25:25] | I sort of said genially… | 我高兴地说 |
| [25:27] | “Oh, heavens. Drinking at this time of day!” | “老天 尽情喝吧” |
| [25:31] | He then told me he’d been in Addenbrooke’s for three weeks… | 然后他告诉我 他在阿登布鲁克有三个星期了 |
| [25:35] | and they’d done a whole series of tests… | 他们做了一系列的检查 |
| [25:38] | and they’d decided… | 诊断出 |
| [25:41] | what was wrong with him. | 他得了什么病 |
| [25:43] | And he told me very straight and flat… | 他很平静的告诉我 |
| [25:47] | that he was gradually going to lose… | 他将渐渐地不能掌控 |
| [25:49] | the use of his body… | 自己的身体 |
| [25:52] | that eventually… | 到最后 |
| [25:55] | only his heart and his lungs… | 只有心脏和肺 |
| [25:58] | would still be operating, and his brain… | 大脑还能工作 |
| [26:01] | and that they’d told him that… | 他们告诉他 |
| [26:04] | eventually he would essentially have the body of a cabbage… | 最终基本上全部瘫痪 |
| [26:08] | but his mind would still be in perfect working order… | 但是他仍然能够很好思考 |
| [26:11] | and he would be unable to communicate with the rest of the world. | 他将无法和别人交流 |
| [26:18] | My dreams at that time were rather disturbed. | 那时候我很迷茫 |
| [26:24] | Before my condition had been diagnosed… | 在我被确诊之前 |
| [26:27] | I had been very bored with life. | 我对生活非常厌倦 |
| [26:31] | There had not seemed to be anything worth doing. | 好像没有什么可以值得做的 |
| [26:37] | But shortly after I came out of hospital… | 但是当我从医院出来的一瞬间 |
| [26:40] | I dreamt that I was going to be executed. | 我想我快要完蛋了 |
| [26:45] | I suddenly realized there were a lot of worthwhile things… | 我突然意识到我还有很多值得做的事 |
| [26:49] | I could do if I were reprieved. | 如果还有时间的话 |
| [26:58] | I knew perfectly well that he had no faith… | 我完全理解 他失去了信念 |
| [27:03] | and… | 然后 |
| [27:05] | to me, that made it the more difficult… | 对我而言 那让我心里更加难受 |
| [27:08] | because you must ask yourself, | 因为一般人遭遇这种悲剧都会问自己 |
| [27:10] | “Why me? | “为什么偏偏是我” |
| [27:11] | Why this? Why now?” | “偏偏是这种病 偏偏在我正值青春的时候” |
| [27:14] | But he just totally, flatly accepted… | 但他不同 他就那么完全坦然地接受了 |
| [27:18] | that this was what was going to happen to him. | 接受了即将发生的事情 |
| [27:20] | As far as I can gather, at that point he started to do some work. | 据我推测 那时候他开始了一些工作 |
| [27:26] | At first, there did not seem much point… | 一开始 我并不觉得我的研究 |
| [27:29] | in working at my research… | 能有什么意义 |
| [27:32] | because I didn’t expect to live long enough… | 因为我根本没指望活到能够 |
| [27:34] | to finish my PhD. | 完成我的博士学位 |
| [27:39] | However, as time went by… | 然而 时间一天天过去 |
| [27:41] | the disease seemed to slow down. | 看上去 似乎病情进展延缓了 |
| [27:46] | I began to understand general relativity… | 我开始能理解广义相对论 |
| [27:49] | and made progress with my work. | 还在工作中取得了一些进展 |
| [27:54] | But what really made a difference was… | 不过 一直以来真正支撑着我的是 |
| [27:56] | I had got engaged to a girl called Jane Wilde. | 我那时已经与一位叫简·王尔德的姑娘订了婚 |
| [28:02] | This gave me something to live for… | 她是我生命的支柱 |
| [28:05] | but it’ also meant I had to get a job… | 同时 这也意味着我得找份工作 |
| [28:08] | if we were to get married. | 如果我真心想和她结婚 |
| [28:13] | Stephen was already ill. Jane knew it. | 史蒂芬那时已经确诊 简也清楚地知道 |
| [28:16] | And it was another instance of Stephen’s luck, you know | 这是史蒂芬又一个幸运之处 |
| [28:20] | meeting the right person at the right time… | 在对的时间遇见对的人 |
| [28:23] | because Stephen was very, very badly depressed… | 你想想 史蒂芬那时无比沮丧 |
| [28:28] | and he wasn’t very much inclined to go on with his work. | 并不怎么情愿继续他的工作 |
| [28:32] | He’d been told he’s only got 2 and a half years. | 他被告知生命只剩两年半的时间 |
| [28:34] | What can you do in that time? | 在那种境况下你能做什么 |
| [28:36] | But meeting Jane really put him on his mettle… | 然而与简的相遇给他注入了勇气 |
| [28:40] | and he started to work. | 接下来 他又开始了工作 |
| [28:45] | I wanted to understand… | 我曾想探寻 |
| [28:47] | how the universe began. | 宇宙是如何起源的 |
| [28:52] | Einstein’s theory of general relativity… | 爱因斯坦的广义相对论 |
| [28:55] | showed that the universe was expanding. | 表明宇宙正在膨胀 |
| [28:59] | But there was no answer to the crucial question… | 但并没有一个答案来直接回答最关键的问题 |
| [29:03] | “Must there have been a Big Bang… | “一定要有一个大爆炸” |
| [29:05] | a beginning to time?” | “来开启时间的进程吗” |
| [29:09] | Then, in my third year at Cambridge… | 然后 当我在剑桥上三年级时 |
| [29:13] | Roger Penrose made his discovery… | 罗杰·彭罗斯有了关于 |
| [29:15] | about the death of stars. | 恒星死亡的发现 |
| [29:19] | I remember talking to this friend, Ivor Robinson… | 我记得和一位朋友 艾弗·罗宾逊的讨论 |
| [29:23] | and we were having this animated conversation… | 那次讨论真是一场思想的碰撞 |
| [29:27] | and then we had to cross a road… | 后来我们得过一条马路 |
| [29:30] | and as we crossed the road, of course, the conversation stopped… | 当然 我们过马路的时候 谈话中断了 |
| [29:33] | and then we got to the other side. | 然后我们到了路的另一边 |
| [29:35] | Evidently, I had some idea crossing the road… | 很碰巧的是 我在过马路的时候想出一个点子 |
| [29:38] | but then the conversation started up, | 但接下来我们了捡起之前的话题 |
| [29:39] | and it got completely blotted out of my mind. | 那个点子就从我脑子里不翼而飞了 |
| [29:42] | It was only later, after my friend had gone home… | 直到晚些时候 在朋友回家之后 |
| [29:46] | and I began to have this strange feeling of elation | 我突然感到一阵奇妙的兴奋 |
| [29:51] | feeling wonderful. | 那感觉妙极了 |
| [29:53] | And I couldn’t figure out why I should feel like that, | 我不知道自己当时为何那样 |
| [29:55] | so I went back over the day… | 于是我向前梳理这一天的思绪 |
| [29:56] | thinking all possible things | 回想究竟是什么事情 |
| [29:58] | which might have contributed to such a feeling… | 让我产生了这种感觉 |
| [30:01] | and then gradually I unearthed this thought… | 后来我慢慢挖掘出这个想法 |
| [30:04] | which I’d had while crossing the street. | 就是在大街上的那个 |
| [30:06] | Penrose announced this result… | 当时彭罗斯告诉我这个结论 |
| [30:09] | that when stars collapse indefinitely… | 当恒星无限坍缩时 |
| [30:12] | they will become singular… | 他们会变得奇异 |
| [30:14] | as long as some very broad conditions are satisfied… | 只需要满足一些很宽松的条件就会这样 |
| [30:18] | that everybody would have regarded as reasonable. | 很多人都同意这一点 |
| [30:20] | And I remember Stephen Hawking, who was then approaching… | 我记得史蒂芬·霍金当时快要三年级了 |
| [30:23] | his third year as a research student, saying… | 他还是研究生 他说 |
| [30:26] | “What very interesting results. | “多有趣的结果” |
| [30:28] | I wonder whether they could be adapted… | “我很好奇是否能应用它们” |
| [30:30] | to understanding the origin of the universe.” | “来理解宇宙的起源” |
| [30:33] | And what he had in mind, you see, was that if, just mentally… | 他脑子里想的是 如果你像这样想像 |
| [30:37] | you reverse the sense of time… | 让时光倒流 |
| [30:39] | you can think of the expanding universe as a collapsing system. | 那么这个正在膨胀的宇宙就会变成一个坍缩中的系统 |
| [30:42] | It’s a bit like a very giant star collapsing. | 这就像一个异常巨大的恒星正在坍缩 |
| [30:47] | Roger Penrose proved… | 罗杰·彭罗斯证明了 |
| [30:49] | that a dying star, collapsing under its own gravity… | 一个垂死的恒星会在其自身重力的作用下坍缩 |
| [30:53] | eventually shrinks to a singularity | 最后变成一个奇点 |
| [30:57] | a point of infinite density and zero size. | 一个拥有无穷大密度而没有体积的点 |
| [31:04] | I realized that if I reversed the direction of time… | 我意识到 如果我颠倒时间进行的方向 |
| [31:08] | so that the collapse became an expansion… | 那么这个坍缩的过程就变成膨胀 |
| [31:11] | I could prove that… | 于是我就能证明 |
| [31:13] | the universe had a beginning. | 宇宙确实是有起源的 |
| [31:19] | But my proof… | 然而 我的证明 |
| [31:21] | based on Einstein’s theory of general relativity… | 是建立在爱因斯坦广义相对论的基础上 |
| [31:25] | also showed that we cannot understand… | 这同时也表明我们无法理解 |
| [31:28] | how the universe began… | 宇宙究竟是如何起源的 |
| [31:32] | because it showed that all scientific theories… | 因为它表明 所有的科学理论 |
| [31:36] | including general relativity itself… | 包括广义相对论本身 |
| [31:40] | break down at the beginning of the universe. | 都会在宇宙起源时分崩离析 |
| [31:55] | We had this meeting… | 我们在纽约的空间物理研究院 |
| [31:57] | at the Institute of Space Physics in New York. | 召开了一次会议 |
| [32:00] | I said, “Before we reach a final conclusion… | 我说 “在我们得到最终结果前” |
| [32:03] | we ought to throw into the pot… | “我们得把另一样东西扔进” |
| [32:06] | still another object | “这个大熔炉” |
| [32:08] | a gravitationally completely collapsed object. | “一个因重力而完全坍缩的物体” |
| [32:12] | Well, after you’ve used the phrase… | “当你使用了这么一个说法” |
| [32:15] | “a gravitationally completely collapsed object” ten times… | “一个因重力而完全坍缩的物体” 十遍之后 |
| [32:19] | you conclude you’ve got to get a better name. | 你会意识到最好给它起个名字 |
| [32:23] | So that’s when I switched… | 正是那时候我想到了这么一个词 |
| [32:25] | to the word “black hole.” | “黑洞” |
| [32:27] | The word “black hole,” which John Wheeler coined, suddenly caught on. | “黑洞” 这个约翰·惠勒灵光一闪想到的词 应运而生 |
| [32:31] | Everybody adopted it, and from then on… | 从此以后 每个人都接受了它 |
| [32:34] | people around the world in Moscow… | 全世界所有的人 不论身处莫斯科 |
| [32:37] | in America… | 美国 |
| [32:40] | in England and elsewhere | 英国 还是什么地方 |
| [32:42] | could know they were speaking about the same thing. | 都知道了他们一直以来谈论的都是同一个东西 |
| [32:45] | And not only that, but suddenly… | 情况远不止如此 突然之间 |
| [32:48] | the whole range of concepts got through to the general public… | 所有这些奇思妙想都传达给了公众 |
| [32:51] | and even science-fiction writers all of a sudden… | 而且科幻小说家们一下子都能谈论 |
| [32:54] | could talk about it. | 有关黑洞的一切 |
| [32:58] | Tonight, my friends… | 今晚 我的朋友们 |
| [33:00] | we stand on the brink of a feat unparalleled… | 我们一同站在宇宙探索中 |
| [33:04] | in space exploration. | 一个无与伦比的胜利旁 |
| [33:07] | If the data on my returning probe ship… | 如果我的穿梭机所取回的数据 |
| [33:09] | matches my computerized calculations… | 与理论计算结果相符 |
| [33:12] | I will travel where no man has dared to go. | 我就要亲身探索从未有人胆敢到达的地方 |
| [33:17] | Into the black hole? | 进入黑洞吗 |
| [33:19] | In… | 进入 |
| [33:22] | through… | 穿过 |
| [33:25] | and beyond. | 一路向前 |
| [33:29] | Why, that’s crazy! | 为什么 这太疯狂了 |
| [33:31] | Ha! Impossible! | 这不可能 |
| [33:36] | As a massive star contracts… | 质量巨大的恒星收缩时 |
| [33:39] | its gravity becomes so strong… | 它的重力会变得如此之强 |
| [33:41] | that light can no longer escape. | 以至于连光都不再能逸出 |
| [33:46] | The region from which nothing can escape… | 依任何物质都无法逃离的边界划定一个范围 |
| [33:49] | is called a black hole… | 它的内部就是黑洞 |
| [33:52] | and its boundary is called the event horizon. | 而它的边界就是所谓的事件视界 |
| [33:58] | One might say of the event horizon… | 你不妨这么看待事件视界 |
| [34:01] | what Dante said of the entrance to hell | 像丹特所说 如同地狱的入口 |
| [34:05] | “Abandon all hope, ye who enter here.” | “汝等进入此地 须弃绝一切所望” |
| [34:13] | I was once asked to actually… | 我曾被邀请 |
| [34:16] | be an adjudicator… | 作为评审员 |
| [34:18] | on an essay of which the subject was… | 来审核这样一篇论文 |
| [34:22] | “How to fall through a black hole and live.” | “如何进入一个黑洞并且生存下来” |
| [34:25] | Now, the problem I had was that I wouldn’t know… | 审核它的困难在于 我不知道 |
| [34:28] | how to give out the prize… | 怎样才能把奖颁给它 |
| [34:30] | because if I said, “That looks like a good essay”… | 因为 如果我说 “这文章看起来不错” |
| [34:34] | the only real way of showing this was right… | 那么唯一能证实它的方法就是 |
| [34:37] | was to actually follow it, to do the experiment and fall in. | 如文章所说 真的去做这么一个实验 进入黑洞 |
| [34:41] | But then, having fallen in | 可是 进入黑洞之后呢 |
| [34:43] | I would assume taking the person who wrote the essay with you | 我觉得把这文章的作者一起带进黑洞是个好主意 |
| [34:46] | the question would be, how do you tell the rest of the world? | 问题在于 你俩要如何把结果告诉世界上的其他人 |
| [34:50] | Do you take the prize in that you give to them… | 要不要把颁给他们的奖带着 |
| [34:52] | and what do they do with it when they get to the center? | 而且他们进入到中心之后怎么办 |
| [34:56] | Believe me… | 相信我 |
| [34:58] | I’ve been waiting a long time for someone like you… | 我已等待多时 等一个你这样的人 |
| [35:01] | to record this moment. | 来记录这个伟大的时刻 |
| [35:03] | Thank you, Doctor. | 谢谢你 博士 |
| [35:06] | Then I’m ready. | 我准备好了 |
| [35:09] | Ready to embark on man’s greatest journey. | 为人类最伟大的航行 我已经就绪 |
| [35:13] | Certainly his riskiest. | 显然也是最冒险的 |
| [35:15] | The risk is incidental compared to… | 风险是多么的微不足道 |
| [35:18] | the possibility to possess the great truth of the unknown. | 获得有关未知的伟大真理的可能就在眼前 |
| [35:23] | There… | 就在那里 |
| [35:25] | long-cherished laws of nature… | 自然的普适规则 |
| [35:28] | simply do not apply. | 将会被打破 |
| [35:30] | They vanish. | 它们灰飞烟灭 |
| [35:33] | And life? | 那生命呢 |
| [35:37] | Life? | 生命 |
| [35:41] | Life forever. | 生命永恒 |
| [36:08] | If you were watching an astronaut… | 如果你观察一名宇航员 |
| [36:10] | foolhardy enough to jump into a black hole… | 莽撞地跳进一个黑洞 |
| [36:14] | at some time on his watch | 这时候他手表上的时间是 |
| [36:16] | say, 12:00 | 比如说 12点 |
| [36:18] | he would cross the event horizon… | 他接下来穿过事件视界 |
| [36:21] | and enter the black hole. | 然后进入黑洞 |
| [36:25] | But no matter how long you waited… | 可是不论你等多久 |
| [36:28] | you would never see the astronaut’s watch reach 12:00. | 你都永远不会看到他的手表走到12点 |
| [36:34] | Instead, each second on the watch… | 理论上发生的是 手表上的每一秒 |
| [36:37] | would appear to take longer and longer… | 都会看起来越来越长 |
| [36:40] | until the last second before midnight… | 直到午夜前的最后一秒 |
| [36:42] | would take forever. | 它会持续到永远 |
| [36:46] | Thus, by jumping into a black hole… | 因此 如果一个人要跳进黑洞 |
| [36:49] | one could ensure that one’s image lasted forever. | 他可以肯定 自己的形象会永远存在 |
| [36:55] | But the picture would fade very rapidly… | 但图像会迅速地消逝 |
| [36:58] | and grow so dim that no one could see it. | 并且变得模糊不清 谁都看不见 |
| [37:05] | As somebody disappears into a black hole… | 当一个人消失在黑洞中时 |
| [37:08] | as seen from the outside, it looks as though… | 如果从外面观察 就会发现 |
| [37:11] | time actually slows down, and the person who’s moving | 时间似乎变慢了 这个移动着的人 |
| [37:15] | at least he’s thinking he’s moving… | 至少他认为自己在移动 |
| [37:18] | he’s perhaps talking in his spaceship at a normal rate | 他也许正在飞船中以正常的语速讲话 |
| [37:21] | seems to slow down and ends up being frozen… | 但听起来是变慢了 最后在某一个特定的位置 |
| [37:24] | in a particular position… | 被冻结起来 |
| [37:27] | as seen by somebody watching him from the outside. | 从视界外观察就是如此 |
| [37:29] | And as seen from the outside, you never see what happens after that. | 而且你永远不会看见他冻结之后发生的事情 |
| [37:40] | The astronaut wouldn’t notice anything special… | 那个宇航员自己 则什么都不会注意到 |
| [37:43] | when his watch reached midnight. .. | 当他的手表到达午夜时 |
| [37:46] | And he crossed the event horizon… | 他就穿过视界 |
| [37:49] | into the black hole… | 进入黑洞 |
| [37:53] | until, of course, he approached the singularity… | 直到他最终抵达奇点 |
| [37:57] | and was crushed into spaghetti. | 被挤成肉泥 |
| [38:06] | One can fall through this event horizon… | 人在穿越视界时 |
| [38:09] | without feeling anything, without noticing it. | 不会感觉到异样 甚至不知道自己穿越了视界 |
| [38:12] | After about a week of falling, one begins to feel the pinch… | 大约一周的坠落之后 人会觉得自己被什么东西捏着 |
| [38:15] | and one extends longer and longer… | 变得越来越长 |
| [38:18] | and gets slightly thinner. | 而且稍稍变瘦 |
| [38:20] | And, of course, one begins to get squeezed… | 接下来 当然 他开始被挤扁 |
| [38:24] | until one gets very long and very thin… | 直到他变得又细又长 |
| [38:27] | and rather nasty. | 让人看不下去 |
| [38:30] | By the end of two weeks, | 大概在第二个周末 |
| [38:31] | one’s fallen right into the center and is, of course, dead. | 他已经落入了黑洞的中心 而且必死无疑 |
| [38:35] | Before you lose sight of the outer world… | 当外面的世界渐渐从你的视野中消失的时候 |
| [38:38] | you would see things happening and see them at a greater rate… | 你能看到未来的事情发生 而且进行的越来越快 |
| [38:41] | so that it would look like a firework display. | 看起来就像电影胶片 |
| [38:44] | The frustration would be that, although you would be able to see… | 不过令人沮丧的是 尽管你能看见 |
| [38:47] | everything that happens in the future, it would be going so fast… | 未来的事情一件件发生在你眼前 但是它们发生得太快 |
| [38:50] | that from a scientific point of view, you’d have no time to analyze it. | 以至于 科学地来说 你根本没时间你分析它们 |
| [38:54] | You wouldn’t be able to take it in. | 甚至来不及看清楚 |
| [38:56] | Eventually things would be going off so fast… | 最后事情会进行得飞快 |
| [38:58] | and it would be so explosive that you yourself would be… | 爆炸的力量也越来越强 |
| [39:01] | destroyed by the explosion, and that would be the end. | 最终你被爆炸撕裂 然后一切都没有了 |
| [39:05] | But it would be a very exciting way to end one’s life. | 如果能以这么种方式结束自己的生命 想想还很激动呢 |
| [39:09] | It would be the way I would choose if I had the choice. | 说真的 如果有得选 我肯定会这样 |
| [39:15] | In the long history of the universe… | 在宇宙的漫长历史中 |
| [39:18] | many stars must have burned up their nuclear fuel… | 许多恒星都用尽了核反应燃料 |
| [39:22] | and collapsed in on themselves. | 最后坍缩成一团 |
| [39:27] | The number of black holes may be greater… | 实际上黑洞的数量 |
| [39:30] | than the number of visible stars… | 也许要大于可见的恒星 |
| [39:32] | which totals about a hundred thousand million… | 一共约有1000亿个黑洞 |
| [39:35] | in our galaxy alone. | 这还只算了我们银河系而已 |
| [39:39] | We also have evidence… | 我们也得到一些证据 |
| [39:42] | that there is a very large black hole… | 证据表明在我们的星系中心 |
| [39:45] | at the center of our own galaxy. | 有一个无比巨大的黑洞 |
| [39:54] | Friends ask me, “Well, if a black hole is black… | 朋友们问我 “那个 如果黑洞是黑的” |
| [39:58] | how can you see it?” | “你要怎么看到它呢” |
| [40:00] | And I say, “Have you ever been to a ball? | 于是我就说 “你总该去过舞会的吧” |
| [40:04] | Have you ever watched the young men… | “舞会上那些” |
| [40:06] | dressed in their black evening tuxedos… | “穿着黑色燕尾服的年轻男子” |
| [40:10] | and the girls in their white dresses… | “和着白色礼服的姑娘们” |
| [40:12] | whirling around, held in each other’s arms… | “手拉着手转圈” |
| [40:15] | and the lights turned low… | “当灯光暗下来后” |
| [40:17] | and all you can see is the girls? | “你就只能看到姑娘们了” |
| [40:20] | Well, the girl is the ordinary star… | “打个比方 如果一个女孩子是一颗普通的恒星” |
| [40:23] | and the boy is the black hole. | “而男子是一个黑洞” |
| [40:26] | You can’t see the black hole any more than you can see the boy… | “尽管你不能看到男子 正如你无法看到黑洞” |
| [40:30] | but the girl going around gives you convincing evidence… | “但那个转着圈的姑娘能让你确信” |
| [40:34] | there must be something there holding her in orbit.” | “一定另有什么拉着她转圈” |
| [40:40] | One evening, shortly after the birth of my daughter, Lucy… | 有天晚上 我的女儿露西刚出生不久 |
| [40:45] | I started to think about black holes… | 上床之前 |
| [40:48] | as I was getting into bed. | 我开始思考黑洞 |
| [40:53] | My disability makes this rather a slow process… | 我的身体缺陷让上床这一过程十分缓慢 |
| [40:57] | so I had plenty of time. | 所以我有的是时间 |
| [41:00] | Suddenly I realized… | 突然之间 我意识到 |
| [41:03] | that the area of the event horizon… | 事件视界的面积 |
| [41:06] | must always increase with time. | 必须随着时间的流逝而增大 |
| [41:11] | The increase in the area of the event horizon… | 视界面积的增大 |
| [41:15] | was very reminiscent of a quantity called entropy… | 很容易让人联想到一个叫做熵的物理量 |
| [41:18] | which measures the degree of disorder of a system. | 它用来度量一个系统的混乱程度 |
| [41:23] | It is a matter of common experience… | 这其实是一种常识 |
| [41:26] | that disorder tends to increase with time… | 如果你把一些东西放任不管 |
| [41:29] | if things are left to themselves. | 它们会倾向于变得无序 |
| [41:35] | Jacob Bekenstein came into the office one day. | 有天 雅各布·贝肯斯坦走进办公室 |
| [41:40] | “Jacob,” I said… | “雅各布啊” 我说 |
| [41:42] | “lt always troubles me… | “有件事我总是想不清楚” |
| [41:44] | when I put a hot teacup next to a cold teacup. | “当我把一杯热茶放在一杯凉茶边上时” |
| [41:48] | I’ve increased, by letting heat flow from one to the other… | “通过让热量从一个杯子转移到另一个上” |
| [41:51] | the amount of disorder in the universe. | “我增大了宇宙的混乱度” |
| [41:54] | But Jacob, if a black hole swims by… | “但是 雅各布 如果一个黑洞恰好经过” |
| [41:57] | and I drop both teacups into this… | “这时候我把两杯茶都扔进去” |
| [42:01] | I’ve concealed the evidence of my crime, have I not?” | “我岂不是就隐藏了我让熵增大的证据 是吗” |
| [42:06] | Bekenstein’s a man of great integrity… | 贝肯斯坦是个十分严谨的人 |
| [42:10] | and he looked troubled, and he came back to me later… | 他当时看起来很疑惑 不过一会儿他就回来了 |
| [42:13] | and he said, “No, you have not… | “不 你没有” 他开口说 |
| [42:16] | concealed the evidence of your crime. | “这样并不能掩饰你之前的所作所为” |
| [42:18] | The black hole records what’s happened to you.” | 黑洞会记录下你行为的痕迹” |
| [42:22] | Stephen Hawking read the paper… | 史蒂芬·霍金读了 |
| [42:26] | in which Bekenstein announced this result… | 贝肯斯坦在其中声明了这个结论的论文之后 |
| [42:30] | Thought it was preposterous… | 觉得它太荒谬了 |
| [42:32] | and decided to prove it was wrong. | 他决定要证明它是错的 |
| [42:38] | My discoveries led Jacob Bekenstein to suggest… | 我的发现让雅各布·贝肯斯坦做了如下假设 |
| [42:42] | that the area of the event horizon… | 事件视界的面积 |
| [42:45] | actually was the entropy of a black hole. | 实际上就是一个黑洞的熵 |
| [42:50] | But there was one fatal flaw. .. | 但是 这个假设有一个致命的缺陷 |
| [42:52] | In Bekenstein’s idea: | 在贝肯斯坦看来 |
| [42:56] | If black holes have an entropy… | 如果黑洞有熵 |
| [42:59] | they ought to have a temperature. | 那么它们就得有温度 |
| [43:03] | And if they have a temperature… | 而如果黑洞有温度 |
| [43:06] | they ought to give off radiation. | 那么他们就有辐射 |
| [43:10] | But how could they give off radiation… | 可是 既然任何东西都不能逃离黑洞 |
| [43:13] | if nothing can escape from a black hole ? | 为什么黑洞会有辐射呢 |
| [43:20] | As it turned out… | 不过最后证明 |
| [43:22] | Bekenstein was basically correct… | 贝肯斯坦基本上是正确的 |
| [43:25] | though in a manner far more surprising… | 但却是以一种让人惊异的方式 |
| [43:28] | than he or anyone else had expected. | 这方式超出任何人 包括他本人 的意料之外 |
| [43:36] | As he gradually lost the use of his hands… | 当他的双手慢慢失去运动能力时 |
| [43:39] | he had to start developing | 他不得不开始 |
| [43:44] | carefully choosing research projects… | 精心挑选研究项目 |
| [43:47] | that could be tackled and solved… | 那些只需要在脑袋里进行几何运算 |
| [43:50] | through geometrical arguments that he could do pictorially in his head. | 就能处理好的项目 |
| [43:54] | And he developed a very powerful set of tools | 此外 他还发展了一套非常强力的工具 |
| [43:57] | nobody else really had. | 其他任何人都不曾有过 |
| [43:59] | So in some sense, when you lose one set of tools… | 在某种程度上 当你失去一套工具时 |
| [44:03] | you may develop other tools, but the new tools… | 你能发展出另一套工具 不过新的工具 |
| [44:05] | are amenable to different kinds of problems than the old tools. | 能解决的难题是和之前那套工具不同的 |
| [44:08] | And if you’re the only master in the world of these new tools… | 而如果世上掌握这套工具的人只有你一个 |
| [44:12] | that means certain kinds of problems you can solve and nobody else can. | 那么有些问题只有你能解决 其他人都无能为力 |
| [44:17] | My work up to 1973… | 直到1973年 |
| [44:20] | was in general relativity… | 我的工作都在广义相对论的范畴内 |
| [44:23] | and was summarized in a book I wrote with George Ellis called… | 它们被总结在一本我与乔治·埃利斯合著的书中 |
| [44:27] | The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time. | 大尺度下的时空结构 |
| [44:33] | Even then, it was difficult for me to write things down… | 那时候 书写对我而言已经很艰难了 |
| [44:38] | so I tended to think in pictures and diagrams… | 所以我更倾向于以图形和图表的形式 |
| [44:42] | that I could visualize in my head. | 在脑海中进行思考 |
| [45:20] | I remember visiting Stephen and Jane… | 我记得那次探望史蒂芬和简的经历 |
| [45:22] | at their home in Cambridge. | 他们那时还住在剑桥 |
| [45:24] | After supper in the evening… | 晚饭过后 |
| [45:28] | when it was time for Stephen to go to bed… | 当史蒂芬要上床休息时 |
| [45:31] | Jane insisted and Stephen acquiesced I guess this was standard | 简坚持 而史蒂芬也默认 我猜这是通常的情况 |
| [45:35] | that Stephen make his way up | 史蒂芬自己尝试上楼梯 |
| [45:37] | I’ve forgotten whether it was one flight of stairs or two alone… | 我已经记不清是一层还是两层楼梯 |
| [45:40] | and this was a period when he could no longer walk. | 这一时期 霍金已经不再能行走 |
| [45:43] | The way he got up the stairs was, he grabbed hold of the pillars… | 他是这么上楼的 他抓住楼梯栏杆的柱子 |
| [45:47] | that support the banister and pulled him up with the strength | 把自己拉上去 |
| [45:50] | pulled himself up the stairs with the strength of his own arms… | 用自己上肢的力量把自己拉起来 |
| [45:53] | dragging himself up… | 一级一级地向上拉 |
| [45:55] | from the ground floor up to the second story… | 从一楼到二楼 |
| [45:58] | in a long, arduous effort. | 好像花了一辈子的时间 缓慢而艰难 |
| [46:02] | Jane explained that… | 简解释说 |
| [46:05] | this was an important part of his physical therapy… | 这是他物理疗法的一个重要部分 |
| [46:08] | to maintain his coordination… | 能够尽量保持他的协调能力 |
| [46:12] | and strength as long as possible. | 还有肌肉力量 |
| [46:15] | At first it was sort of heartrending… | 刚开始的时候 我看得心痛不已 |
| [46:18] | to watch what appeared to be the agony of pulling himself up the stairs… | 看着他艰难地拉着自己一步步上楼 |
| [46:22] | until I understood it’s just part of life… | 后来我意识到 这就是生命的一部分 |
| [46:26] | pulling himself up the stairs like that. | 像那样拖着自己上楼梯 |
| [46:32] | General relativity is what is called… | 广义相对论被视为 |
| [46:35] | a classical theory. | 一种经典理论 |
| [46:39] | It predicts a single definite path… | 它预言 每个粒子 |
| [46:42] | for each particle. | 都只有唯一确定的路径 |
| [46:45] | But according to quantum mechanics… | 但根据量子力学 |
| [46:48] | there is an element of chance or uncertainty. | 存在一种概念叫做概率或者说不确定性 |
| [46:53] | A particle does not have… | 在时空中 |
| [46:57] | just a single path through space and time. | 一个粒子并不只有唯一的路径 |
| [47:02] | Instead, there is an uncertainty principle… | 相反 有这么一个不确定原理 |
| [47:05] | according to which both the exact position… | 它表明 一个粒子的准确位置 |
| [47:09] | and velocity of a particle can never be known. | 和准确速度永不可能同时知道 |
| [47:19] | I began investigating… | 我开始研究 |
| [47:22] | the effect quantum mechanics might have… | 黑洞附近的粒子上 |
| [47:25] | on particles near a black hole. | 的量子力学效应 |
| [47:28] | I found that particles could escape… | 我发现 粒子实际上 |
| [47:31] | from a black hole… | 是可以逃离黑洞的 |
| [47:34] | that black holes are not completely black. | 因此 黑洞并不完全是黑的 |
| [47:38] | At first I didn’t believe it. | 一开始连我自己都无法相信这一点 |
| [47:42] | But when I redid the calculations… | 但当我又做了一遍计算之后 |
| [47:45] | I couldn’t get the effect to go away. | 我发现量子力学的这种效果是无法摆脱的 |
| [47:49] | I met Martin Rees, and he was shaking with excitement… | 我见了马丁·李斯一面 他兴奋得都在颤抖 |
| [47:53] | and he said, “Have you heard? Have you heard… | 他说 “你听说了没 那个” |
| [47:56] | what Stephen has discovered? | “史蒂芬刚刚发现的东西” |
| [47:58] | Everything is different! Everything is changed!” | “所有一切都不同了 都颠覆了” |
| [48:00] | I was still unsure of my discovery… | 我对自己的发现仍抱有怀疑 |
| [48:03] | so I only told a few colleagues… | 所以我只告诉了少数几个同事 |
| [48:07] | but word soon spread. | 不过消息传得飞快 |
| [48:10] | Roger Penrose phoned up on my birthday. | 罗杰·彭罗斯在我生日当天打来电话 |
| [48:15] | He was very excited and went on so long… | 他兴奋之极 跟我聊得根本停不下来 |
| [48:19] | that my birthday dinner got quite cold. | 于是我的生日晚宴就被冷落了 |
| [48:24] | It was a great pity, because it was goose… | 真遗憾 晚宴上有鹅肉诶 |
| [48:27] | which I’m very fond of. | 我超喜欢的 |
| [48:31] | To me it’s a miracle, | 对我而言 那简直就是个奇迹 |
| [48:32] | ’cause it’s a complicated and messy calculation. | 因为计算过程复杂又混乱 |
| [48:34] | We can now do these things very much better… | 当今这个时代我们再做这事儿就会顺手得多 |
| [48:37] | and it’s more transparent what happens. | 而且发生的事情看起来更加明晰 |
| [48:40] | But out of this messy calculation, he showed that black holes… | 从这些混乱的计算中 他得出的结论是 |
| [48:43] | aren’t black with this quantum mechanical effect. | 黑洞在量子力学效应下 并不是黑的 |
| [48:46] | There was a residual radiation. | 宇宙中存在一种背景辐射 |
| [48:48] | Stephen came to a meeting… | 史蒂芬参加一次会议 |
| [48:50] | and people were flabbergasted. | 人群一阵骚动 |
| [48:52] | I remember someone saying, “You must be wrong, Stephen. | 我记得有人说 “史蒂芬你肯定错了” |
| [48:54] | I don’t believe a word of it.” | “你的理论我一句话都不信” |
| [48:57] | I once said that I was unhappy… | 我曾经说过 |
| [48:59] | with the explanation given in terms of | 对粒子负能量子的产生的解释 |
| [49:01] | negative energy particles being created. | 让我很不满意 |
| [49:04] | But I feel this is part of the controversy of science. | 不过 我觉得这是科学思辩的一部分 |
| [49:07] | You must have the give and take, and I’m delighted to be a part of that. | 你必须有所取舍 我很开心自己参与了这场思辩 |
| [49:11] | That’s what makes it fun. | 这是个很有趣的过程 |
| [49:13] | If you all sat down and said, “Oh, lovely”… | 当人们的脑子里萦绕着闹人的疑惑时 |
| [49:16] | when you do have niggling questions in your mind… | 如果所有人都试图忽略他们 |
| [49:18] | that’s not doing a service to science. | 那么这实际上对科学毫无意义的 |
| [49:21] | But I was not antagonistic to it in any way… | 不过我对这并不抵触 |
| [49:24] | except for that one time when I questioned. | 除非脑子里不安生的人是我 |
| [49:29] | I finally convinced myself… | 最终我说服自己 |
| [49:31] | that black holes radiate… | 黑洞确实有辐射 |
| [49:33] | when I found a mechanism through which this could happen. | 我找到一种黑洞辐射的机制 |
| [49:38] | According to quantum mechanics… | 根据量子力学 |
| [49:41] | space is filled with virtual particles… | 空间充满虚粒子 |
| [49:44] | and antiparticles… | 和反粒子 |
| [49:46] | that are constantly materializing in pairs… | 它们成对地以实物形式存在 |
| [49:49] | separating, coming together again… | 分离然后靠近 |
| [49:53] | and annihilating each other. | 共同湮灭 |
| [49:58] | In the presence of a black hole… | 在黑洞附近 |
| [50:01] | one member of a pair of virtual particles… | 上述一对虚粒子中的一个 |
| [50:04] | may fall into the hole… | 可能落进黑洞 |
| [50:06] | leaving the other member without a partner… | 这样剩下在外面的一个就失去了伙伴 |
| [50:08] | with which to annihilate. | 没法湮灭 |
| [50:12] | The forsaken particle appears to be radiation… | 于是就成为辐射 |
| [50:16] | emitted by the black hole. | 被黑洞释放出来 |
| [50:23] | And so black holes are not eternal. | 所以黑洞并不能永远存在 |
| [50:29] | They evaporate away at an increasing rate… | 它们以一个不断增加的速率蒸发 |
| [50:33] | until they vanish in a gigantic explosion. | 直到在一次巨大的爆炸中灰飞烟灭 |
| [50:40] | Quantum mechanics has allowed particles and radiation… | 量子力学允许粒子和辐射 |
| [50:44] | to escape from the ultimate prison | 从黑洞这种终极监狱中 |
| [50:47] | a black hole. | 逃逸出去 |
| [50:52] | Einstein never accepted quantum mechanics… | 爱因斯坦从未接受过量子力学 |
| [50:55] | because of its element of chance and uncertainty. | 正是因为它特有的概率与不确定性 |
| [51:00] | He said, “God does not play dice.” | 他说 “上帝是不玩骰子的” |
| [51:05] | It seems that Einstein was doubly wrong. | 看来爱因斯坦可能错了 |
| [51:12] | The quantum effects of black holes… | 黑洞中的量子效应 |
| [51:14] | suggest that not only does God play dice… | 表明上帝不仅玩骰子 |
| [51:18] | he sometimes throws them… | 他有时还把骰子扔到 |
| [51:20] | where they cannot be seen. | 无法观测的地方 |
| [51:24] | He says himself… | 他说他自己 |
| [51:27] | that, uh… | 要是 |
| [51:29] | he wouldn’t have got to where he is if he hadn’t been ill. | 要是没有生病 就不会取得如今的成就 |
| [51:32] | And I think that’s quite possible… | 而且我觉得这确实有可能 |
| [51:34] | because it’s like Johnson said: | 因为就像塞缪尔·约翰逊所说 |
| [51:37] | The knowledge you’re to be hanged in the morning… | 如果你就要上绞刑架 |
| [51:39] | concentrates the mind wonderfully. | 精神便会最集中 |
| [51:41] | And he has concentrated on this in a way… | 从某种程度上来说 他专注于科研 |
| [51:44] | I don’t think he would have, | 我觉得他本不会对科学有太大兴趣 |
| [51:45] | because he took a great interest… | 因为他对生活中的很多事情 |
| [51:47] | in a lot of things in life… | 都有极大的兴趣 |
| [51:49] | and I don’t know that he’d have applied himself the same way… | 而且我不知道他会不会同样专注于科研 |
| [51:52] | if he’d been able to get around as he used to do, so in a way… | 如果他能够像以前健康的时候一样 所以在一定程度上 |
| [51:57] | No, I can’t think anyone’s lucky having an illness like that, | 是的 即便如此 我也不认为有人能得那样的病 |
| [51:59] | even so. | 是幸运的 |
| [52:00] | But it’s less bad luck for him than it would be for some people… | 但是相对于其他人来说 他的不幸要更少 |
| [52:05] | because he can so much live in his head. | 因为他能用他的头脑好好地活着 |
| [52:08] | When I lived with the Hawking family, I would usually get up… | 当我住到霍金的家里时 我通常 |
| [52:12] | around 7:15 or 7:30 and take a shower… | 七点十五或者七点半起床 洗个澡 |
| [52:15] | and then read in my Bible some in the morning and pray… | 然后读一点圣经并且做祈祷 |
| [52:18] | and then go down at 8:15 to get Stephen up. | 八点十五的时候下去叫史蒂芬起床 |
| [52:20] | And at breakfast | 吃早饭的时候 |
| [52:20] | I would often tell him what I’d been reading in the Bible… | 我经常告诉他我在圣经上读的东西 |
| [52:25] | hoping that this would eventually have some influence. | 希望这些东西最终能有所影响 |
| [52:28] | So then we would go into work… | 然后我们就开始工作 |
| [52:31] | and usually we’d go in and see if there were any scientific papers… | 通常我们会看看是否有 |
| [52:35] | that people sent out. | 其他人发表的科研论文 |
| [52:37] | I did discover that despite Hawking’s great brilliance, | 我确实发现尽管霍金才华横溢 |
| [52:40] | he does read quite slowly. | 但是他阅读得相当慢 |
| [52:41] | I could read about twice as fast as he. | 我阅读速度是他的两倍 |
| [52:44] | But of course he would have to read to remember it… | 当然他必须要边读边记 |
| [52:48] | because it would be very difficult for him | 因为对于他来说 |
| [52:49] | to go back and access the thing… | 回过头来再看是非常困难的 |
| [52:52] | whereas I could skim the paper rather quickly and see… | 而我能相当快速地略读这些论文 |
| [52:55] | “Is there something interesting in this?” | 并看看 “这里头没有什么有趣的东西” |
| [52:56] | If I wanted to work on it, I could pick the thing up and look at it. | 要是我想研究它 我就能找出来接着看 |
| [53:02] | Black hole radiation… | 黑洞辐射 |
| [53:04] | has shown us that gravitational collapse… | 向我们展示了引力坍缩 |
| [53:07] | is not as final as we once thought. | 并不像我们曾经想象的那样 |
| [53:12] | If an astronaut falls into a black hole… | 如果一个宇航员掉进了黑洞 |
| [53:16] | he will be returned to the rest of the universe… | 他将会以辐射的形式 |
| [53:19] | in the form of radiation. | 回到宇宙中 |
| [53:23] | Thus, in a sense… | 因此 在某种意义上 |
| [53:25] | the astronaut will be recycled. | 这个宇航员再生了 |
| [53:30] | However, it would be a poor sort of immortality… | 然而这是一种可怜的永生形式 |
| [53:34] | because any personal concept of time… | 因为当他被撕碎的时候 |
| [53:37] | would come to an end as he is torn apart… | 个体的时间概念就会走到尽头 |
| [53:41] | inside the black hole. | 只存在于在黑洞之中 |
| [53:46] | All that would survive… | 世间万物 |
| [53:48] | would be his mass, or energy. | 都有他的质量或能量 |
| [53:56] | One year, the Hawkings took me along… | 有一年 霍金一家人带我一起 |
| [53:59] | when We Wenz’ to a cottage in Wales… | 那时韦·文茨来到 |
| [54:02] | near the River Wye… | 威尔士惠河畔的小屋 |
| [54:03] | and this cottage was up a hill… | 这个小屋在半山腰上 |
| [54:06] | and there was a bit of… | 那有一条 |
| [54:09] | a paved little sidewalk that went up to the cottage… | 通往小屋的铺砌的小道 |
| [54:13] | which I had not been up, and of course… | 当然 我并没有上去 |
| [54:16] | I wanted to do it in the least number of trips I could imagine… | 我想尽可能少走几个来回 |
| [54:19] | so we put Stephen’s batteries under his chair… | 所以我们把史蒂芬的电池放到椅子下面 |
| [54:22] | his wheelchair has space for batteries… | 他的椅子有空间放电池 |
| [54:23] | and put extra batteries under there… | 还能把额外的电池放那下面 |
| [54:25] | which Stephen didn’t realize that I’d put under there… | 史蒂芬没意识到我把电池放下面了 |
| [54:27] | so he didn’t realize his wheelchair was as heavily laden. | 所以他没意识到他的轮椅负载那么重 |
| [54:30] | Stephen got quite a bit ahead of me, and he was turning the corner… | 史蒂芬走到我前头一点 然后准备转弯 |
| [54:34] | to go around to his house, but that was on a slope… | 走向他的屋子 但那是在一个斜坡上 |
| [54:38] | so I looked up, and I noticed Stephen’s wheelchair slowly tipping backward. | 所以我向上看 注意到史蒂芬的轮椅在慢慢地向后滑 |
| [54:41] | Of course, I was about ten meters away… | 当然 我大概在十米外 |
| [54:45] | and tried to run up there, but I was not able to get there… | 我开始冲向他 但是在他跌入灌木丛之前 |
| [54:49] | rapidly enough before he toppled backward into the bushes. | 我没能赶上 |
| [54:53] | So it was a bit of a shocking sight… | 所以那是一幅有点可怕的景象 |
| [54:56] | to see this master of gravity getting overcome… | 看着这个精通万有引力的大师正在克服 |
| [54:58] | by the weak gravitational force of Earth. | 地球那微弱的重力 |
| [55:02] | One of the worst things for me would be having people there all the time. | 对于我来说 最糟糕的事情之一就是总有人到这里来 |
| [55:06] | Never alone. I couldn’t bear that. | 不能一个人安静地待会 我没法忍受 |
| [55:09] | And yet he finds things funny… | 然而他发现这些事很有趣 |
| [55:12] | and he enjoys life and he goes dashing about all over the place… | 而且他享受这生活 冲向所有地方 |
| [55:16] | and I think this is tremendous. | 我觉得这是一种巨大的勇气 |
| [55:18] | But it’s a sort of courage I haven’t got… | 一种我所没有的勇气 |
| [55:20] | and his father hadn’t got it, and we cannot but admire it… | 他父亲也没有 我们都没有 我们只能表示敬佩 |
| [55:24] | but wonder how on earth he got it, really. | 只能怀疑他究竟如何获得这份勇气 真的 |
| [55:28] | There must have been 50 people there… | 那一定有五十人 |
| [55:30] | and I was standing off in a corner… | 我站在一个角落 |
| [55:33] | sort of watching quietly… | 安静地看着 |
| [55:36] | for a few minutes, relaxing… | 看了几分钟 正在放松 |
| [55:38] | and Stephen was over there, not far from me. | 史蒂芬就在那 离我不远 |
| [55:41] | Jane walked over to Stephen and looked at him. | 简走向史蒂芬看着他 |
| [55:44] | He was sitting there with his head in his lap… | 他正坐在那 头放在大腿上 |
| [55:46] | like only Stephen can put his head in his lap. | 好像只有史蒂芬能把他的头放在大腿上 |
| [55:49] | And Jane said to Stephen… | 简对史蒂芬说 |
| [55:52] | ” You look miserable, Stephen. Sit up straight. | “你看起来很痛苦 史蒂芬 坐直了” |
| [55:55] | Some of your guests don’t understand… | “你的一些客人不理解” |
| [55:57] | that you’re thinking about physics and having a wonderful time. | “你正在思考物理 享受着美好的时光” |
| [56:00] | It looks like you’re in pain. | “这让你看起来身处痛苦之中” |
| [56:01] | Sit up and go talk to your guests.” | “坐直了和你的客人聊聊天” |
| [56:05] | In 1979… | 1979年 |
| [56:07] | I was elected Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. | 我被选为卢卡斯数学教授 |
| [56:13] | This is the same chair once held by Isaac Newton. | 这可是牛顿当年做过的职位 |
| [56:20] | They he ve a big book which e very university teaching officer… | 他们有一本巨大的书 |
| [56:24] | is supposed to sign. | 每一位大学教授都应在上面签字 |
| [56:28] | After I had been Lucasian Professor for about a year… | 在我成为卢卡斯教授一年后 |
| [56:32] | they realized I had never signed. | 他们意识到我没签过 |
| [56:36] | So they brought the book to my office… | 所以他们把书带到我办公室 |
| [56:39] | and I signed with some difficulty. | 我签得非常困难 |
| [56:44] | That was the last time I signed my name. | 那是我最后一次签我名 |
| [56:59] | My interest in the origin and fate of the universe… | 我对宇宙起源和命运的兴趣 |
| [57:03] | was reawakened when I attended… | 在我参加一个梵蒂冈的宇宙学会议的时候 |
| [57:05] | a conference on cosmology in the Vatican. | 被重新唤醒 |
| [57:10] | Aftewards, we were granted… | 在那之后 |
| [57:13] | an audience with the pope. | 我们被罗马教皇接见 |
| [57:16] | He told us that it was all right… | 他告诉我们 |
| [57:19] | to study the evolution of the universe… | 研究大爆炸之后的宇宙演化 |
| [57:21] | after the Big Bang… | 这挺好 |
| [57:24] | but we should not inquire into the Big Bang itself… | 但是我们不应该研究大爆炸它本身 |
| [57:28] | because that was the moment of creation… | 因为那是创造的一瞬间 |
| [57:31] | and therefore the work of God. | 那是上帝的工作 |
| [57:36] | I was glad that he did not know… | 我很高兴他不知道 |
| [57:39] | the subject of the talk I had just given… | 我刚给出的主题是 |
| [57:44] | the possibility that the universe had no beginning… | 宇宙没有起点的可能性 |
| [57:48] | no moment of creation. | 没有开天辟地的那一瞬间 |
| [57:56] | There were theories in the early ’70s… | 70年代早期有一些理论 |
| [57:58] | the first type of creation theories… | 第一种类型的创造论 |
| [58:00] | where the people concerned started off | 他们从一个 |
| [58:02] | with a fixed, external space and time… | 固定的外部时空出发 |
| [58:04] | which for eternity was empty… | 这个外部时空永远都是空的 |
| [58:06] | and then suddenly, for some unknown reason, the universe nucleates… | 然后 突然 因为某种未知的原因 |
| [58:09] | at a particular point and then, bang, it blows apart. | 宇宙到某个特定的点成核 砰 它爆炸了 |
| [58:12] | But the trouble is that | 但问题是 |
| [58:13] | when space and time appear in the classical theory… | 当时间和空间出现在经典理论中 |
| [58:16] | that actual point itself is a singular point in the mathematics. | 那个点本身是个数学上的奇点 |
| [58:20] | Mathematics breaks down, and so… | 数学无法处理了 所以… |
| [58:22] | you cannot use that to give you a creation theory. | 你不能用这个来得出创造论 |
| [58:27] | If one goes back in time… | 如果一个人回到从前 |
| [58:29] | one comes to the Big Bang singularity… | 回到大爆炸的奇点 |
| [58:32] | where the laws of physics break down. | 那里的物理法则就不复存在 |
| [58:37] | But there’s another direction of time… | 但是有另一个时间线的方向 |
| [58:40] | that one can go in which avoids the singularity. | 可以顺着那个方向来避免奇点 |
| [58:46] | This is called the imaginary direction of time. | 这被称作时间的虚方向 |
| [58:52] | In imaginary time… | 在虚时间里 |
| [58:54] | there need not be any singularities… | 不需要 |
| [58:57] | which form a beginning or end to time. | 形成任何时间上有开始或结束的奇点 |
| [59:04] | When you come to imaginary time, | 当你进入虚时间 |
| [59:06] | you have this rather peculiar possibility… | 你就有这种相当特殊的可能性 |
| [59:08] | of having a “now,”as it were… | 拥有”现在” |
| [59:10] | without necessarily having a sort of a chain… | 它不需要 |
| [59:12] | of past moments. | 建立在过去的基础上 |
| [59:16] | If we start where we are at the moment | 如果我从我们所处的瞬间开始 |
| [59:18] | and start running backwards in time… | 跑向过去的时光 |
| [59:20] | then for a long time, things work perfectly normally. | 那么在很长的一段时间里 事物都会非常正常的运作 |
| [59:22] | But as you begin to get further and further back towards… | 但是当你往前越走越远时 |
| [59:25] | what would be the origin point in the conventional real-time picture… | 当你愈发远离传统的实时间图像时 |
| [59:28] | you’d find that the nature of time changes… | 你就能发现时间的性质改变了 |
| [59:32] | that the imaginary component becomes more and more prominent… | 虚的一部分越来越显著 |
| [59:35] | until what ought to have been the singular point in the classical theory… | 直到进入经典理论的奇点 |
| [59:39] | gets smoothed away, and you have this beautiful picture… | 才变得光滑 然后你就看到这个美丽的碗的画面 |
| [59:41] | of these bowls where the creation of the universe is pictures… | 宇宙诞生的碗 |
| [59:44] | of where we are now, and a smooth bowl of the past… | 我们现在在这 光滑的碗是过去 |
| [59:47] | where there’s no initial point, just a sort of smooth shape. | 那里没有奇点 只是光滑的形状 |
| [59:59] | So long as the universe had a beginning… | 只要宇宙有一个起点 |
| [1:00:02] | We could suppose it had a creator. | 我们就应该有一个创造者 |
| [1:00:07] | But if the universe is completely self-contained… | 但是如果宇宙是完全独立的 |
| [1:00:11] | having no boundary or edge… | 无限并且无界 |
| [1:00:15] | it would neither be created nor destroyed. | 它就不会被创造或者毁灭 |
| [1:00:18] | It would simply be. | 它很简单地存在着 |
| [1:00:24] | What place, then, for a creator? | 那么 把创世者摆在什么位置 |
| [1:00:31] | All you can really say is that the universe is… | 你所能说的是创世者存在于宇宙之中 |
| [1:00:34] | because it’s a self-consistent mathematical structure. | 因为它是一个独立的数学结构 |
| [1:00:36] | There’s no past because, | 它没有过去的 |
| [1:00:37] | unlike the creation-as-a-point scenario… | 因为它不像一个点被创造出来这样的设想 |
| [1:00:39] | there’s nothing for it to be created in. | 对于宇宙来说 没有什么被创造 |
| [1:00:41] | So to say it’s created from nothing is a bit of a misnomer. | 所以说 创造于虚无之中的说法有点欠妥 |
| [1:00:45] | It’s a misleading use of the word “nothing.” | “虚无”这个词的用法会令人误解 |
| [1:00:47] | it’s not just that there was empty space in which the universe appeared, | 宇宙表现出的并不是空间的虚无 |
| [1:00:50] | which you might call “nothing.” | 你可能把这称之为”虚无” |
| [1:00:52] | There was really nothing at all, | 宇宙里确实什么都没有 |
| [1:00:53] | because there wasn’t even a creation event. | 因为连创造都没有 |
| [1:00:55] | The use of a past tense in a verb becomes inappropriate in these theories. | 动词过去式的用法在这些理论里不太合适 |
| [1:00:59] | Unfortunately, | 不幸的是 |
| [1:01:00] | tenses were set up when people believed in real time, of course… | 当人们支持实时间 时态就被创造了 |
| [1:01:03] | and we don’t yet have a linguistic form | 至今我们都没有一种语言形式 |
| [1:01:05] | to describe tenses in imaginary time. | 来描述虚时间的时态 |
| [1:01:07] | The word “time” was not handed down from heaven… | “时间”这个词 可不是作为 |
| [1:01:11] | as a gift from on high. | 礼物从天堂那流传下来的 |
| [1:01:13] | The idea of time is a word… | 时间的概念 |
| [1:01:17] | invented by man… | 只是个被人类发明的词 |
| [1:01:19] | and if it has puzzlements connected with it… | 如果它让人产生疑惑 |
| [1:01:22] | whose fault is it? It’s our fault. | 这是谁的错 我们的错 |
| [1:01:27] | Where does the difference… | 过去与未来 |
| [1:01:30] | between the past and the future come from? | 有着什么不同 |
| [1:01:35] | The laws of science do not distinguish… | 科学法则 |
| [1:01:38] | between the past and the future. | 没法区分过去与未来 |
| [1:01:41] | Yet there is a big difference… | 但在日常生活中 |
| [1:01:44] | between the past and future in ordinary life. | 过去与未来有着巨大的差别 |
| [1:01:54] | You may see a cup of tea fall off a table… | 你能看到茶杯 |
| [1:01:58] | and break into pieces on the floor… | 从桌子上跌到地上 摔成碎片 |
| [1:02:01] | but you will never see the cup gather itself back together… | 但你从没见过杯子能自己合好 |
| [1:02:05] | and jump back on the table. | 然后跳回桌子上 |
| [1:02:11] | The increase of disorder, or entropy… | 混乱或者熵的增加 |
| [1:02:14] | is what distinguishes the past from the future… | 可以区分过去和未来 |
| [1:02:17] | giving a direction to time. | 给出时间的方向 |
| [1:02:26] | He fell ill in Switzerland. | 他在瑞士生病了 |
| [1:02:29] | When he came back, he was on a ventilator. | 他回来的时候戴着呼吸机 |
| [1:02:32] | Because he’s on a ventilator, you’ve got a tube down your throat… | 因为他戴着呼吸机 要把管子插到喉咙里 |
| [1:02:35] | and therefore you can’t speak, just for that reason. | 所以就不能说话了 |
| [1:02:38] | For that period, which may have been a couple of months… | 那段时期 可能是两个月 |
| [1:02:41] | I spent probably one in two nights, one in three nights, at the hospital… | 我每两天或每三天会在医院里呆一夜 |
| [1:02:46] | because when he was in hospital… | 因为他在医院里 |
| [1:02:49] | he couldn’t communicate with the nurses. | 没法和护士交流 |
| [1:02:52] | It’s not just like being seriously ill… | 虽然不像是什么大病 |
| [1:02:54] | but you’re in a position where the nurses couldn’t understand | 但是护士不能理解 |
| [1:02:57] | what Stephen wanted. | 史蒂芬的需求 |
| [1:02:58] | If Stephen was uncomfortable, they couldn’t tell why. | 如果史蒂芬不舒服 他们不知道是为什么 |
| [1:03:04] | Before I caught pneumonia… | 在我得肺炎之前 |
| [1:03:06] | my speech had been getting more slurred… | 我说话越来越含糊不清 |
| [1:03:09] | so that only a few people who knew me Well… | 所以很少有人能很清楚地理解我 |
| [1:03:13] | could understand me. | 了解我 |
| [1:03:16] | But at least I could communicate. | 但是至少我能够交流 |
| [1:03:21] | I wrote scientific papers… | 我以向秘书口述的方式 |
| [1:03:23] | by dictating to a secretary… | 来写论文 |
| [1:03:26] | and I gave seminars through an interpreter. | 并且通过翻译参加研讨会 |
| [1:03:30] | And then, a tracheostomy operation… | 后来 一个气管改造手术 |
| [1:03:33] | removed my ability to speak altogether. | 让我完全失去了说话的能力 |
| [1:03:40] | After a long time… well, it seemed like a long time… | 之后的很长一段时间 好吧 看起来是很长时间 |
| [1:03:43] | somebody came up with this brilliant gadget. | 有人想出这个绝妙的小发明 |
| [1:03:46] | They didn’t have it at the Cambridge hospital. | 剑桥医院里没有这东西 |
| [1:03:49] | They got it from somewhere in London. | 他们从伦敦的什么地方拿到了 |
| [1:03:51] | This was high technology… | 这是个高科技 |
| [1:03:52] | how you can communicate with a person with no voice. | 你不用出声就可以与人交流 |
| [1:03:55] | It’s a plastic piece of Perspex about so big… | 它是有机玻璃的 大概这么大 |
| [1:03:59] | and you’ve got the letters of the alphabet arranged like that, | 你能看到字母像这样排列着 |
| [1:04:02] | and a hole in the middle. | 中间有个洞 |
| [1:04:03] | You hold it up between you and the other person. | 朝着别人举着它 |
| [1:04:06] | They look at a letter, and you can see which letter they’re looking at… | 他们看一个字母时 你能知道他们看的是哪个字母 |
| [1:04:10] | most of the time. Sometimes you can’t be sure. | 绝大多数都行 有时也不能确定 |
| [1:04:13] | So you would get the patient to spell out what they wanted. | 所以你要有耐心来拼出想要说的话 |
| [1:04:16] | So each letter… they have to look to pick out the A. | 每一个字母 你必须看着挑选出A |
| [1:04:19] | You say, “A?” Did you get it right? It’s like a guessing game. | 你说”A” 你明白了吗 就像个猜字游戏 |
| [1:04:45] | Stephen wasn’t willing to accept that he wasn’t going to speak again… | 史蒂芬不愿意接受他不能说话了 |
| [1:04:49] | and he thought he would be giving in… | 他想他会做出让步 |
| [1:04:51] | by trying to find a method of communicating other than speech. | 如果找到一种比说话更好的交流方式 |
| [1:04:56] | I remember I went in one evening… | 我记得有个晚上我过去 |
| [1:04:59] | and this was the first time that he asked… | 这是第一次他想 |
| [1:05:02] | to be gotten out of bed to use the computer. | 起床用电脑 |
| [1:05:05] | Sometimes they’d sit him up so he wasn’t lying in bed all the time… | 有时他们会让他坐着 因为他不能总是躺着 |
| [1:05:09] | as you do with a patient, but this time when I turned up… | 就像你对待一个病人一样 但是这次当我出现的时候 |
| [1:05:12] | he asked the nurse, could he be gotten out of bed… | 他问护士 能不能让他起床 |
| [1:05:16] | so he could use the computer, and he did. | 那样他可以用电脑 而且他做到了 |
| [1:05:19] | I remember the first thing he typed on there after saying hello… | 打完招呼之后 我记得他打在电脑上第一句话是 |
| [1:05:22] | Stephen’s always very polite about things like that… | 史蒂芬总是那么地礼貌 |
| [1:05:25] | was, “Will you help me finish my book?” | “你愿意帮助我完成我的书吗” |
| [1:05:35] | A computer expert in California… | 加州的一位电脑专家 |
| [1:05:37] | heard of my plight… | 听说了我的近况 |
| [1:05:40] | and sent me a computer program… | 发给我一个电脑程序 |
| [1:05:42] | called Equalizer. | 叫做均衡器 |
| [1:05:46] | This allowed me to select words… | 它可以让我从屏幕上的一系列的选项中 |
| [1:05:49] | from a series of menus on a screen… | 选择单词 |
| [1:05:52] | by pressing a switch in my hand. | 通过按我手中开关 |
| [1:05:59] | These words could then be sent to a speech synthesizer… | 这些单词再发给一个 |
| [1:06:03] | attached to my wheelchair. | 装在轮椅上的语音合成器 |
| [1:06:08] | Much to my surprise… | 令我惊喜的是 |
| [1:06:10] | I found I was able to communicate… | 我发现我能够 |
| [1:06:13] | much better than before. | 比以前更好地进行交流了 |
| [1:06:18] | When eventually he went home from hospital… | 当最后他从医院回到家 |
| [1:06:21] | he was told he needed 24-hour nursing, and everyone was saying… | 他被告知他需要二十四小时监护 每一个人都说 |
| [1:06:24] | “How is he going to go in and do work? | “他要怎么继续工作” |
| [1:06:27] | Is he going to trail around with nurses after him in the office?” | “工作时也要有护士陪着吗” |
| [1:06:31] | And of course he did. | 当然是那样 |
| [1:06:33] | They talked originally of him working at home… | 他们最初讨论让他在家工作 |
| [1:06:36] | which he wasn’t happy with. | 他对此并不满意 |
| [1:06:40] | And so, after a period of recuperation at home… | 所以 在家恢复了一段时间之后 |
| [1:06:44] | he just decided to go back into the office. | 他就决定回到他的办公室 |
| [1:06:46] | And he’d make the trip from his house to the office… | 而他从家到办公室的途中 |
| [1:06:50] | which is, I don’t know, half a mile in his wheelchair… | 我不太清楚 用轮椅走了半英里 |
| [1:06:53] | with a nurse walking along with him. | 有一个护士跟着他 |
| [1:06:55] | This is at the time when he was still driving around… | 那时他依然到处转转 |
| [1:06:57] | with the bag and the nasal drip… | 带着一个袋子和鼻滴 |
| [1:07:00] | going into the department, working, going back home. | 工作 回家 |
| [1:07:07] | I began to wonder what would happen… | 我开始想象 |
| [1:07:10] | when the universe stopped expanding… | 当宇宙停止膨胀 |
| [1:07:13] | and began to contract. | 开始收缩之后 会发生什么 |
| [1:07:17] | Would we see broken cups… | 我们会看到破碎的杯子 |
| [1:07:19] | gather themselves together off the floor… | 自己合好 |
| [1:07:22] | and jump back onto the table? | 从地上跳回桌上 |
| [1:07:27] | Would we be able to remember tomorrow’s prices… | 我们会记得明天的物价 |
| [1:07:30] | and make a fortune off the stock market? | 在股票市场大赚一笔 |
| [1:07:36] | It seemed to me… | 对于我来说 |
| [1:07:38] | the universe had to return to a smooth and ordered state… | 宇宙一定会回到一个平滑有序的状态 |
| [1:07:41] | when it recollapsed. | 当它再次坍缩的时候 |
| [1:07:46] | If this were so, time would go backwards… | 时间就开始倒退 |
| [1:07:49] | when the universe began to collapse. | 当宇宙开始坍缩的时候 |
| [1:07:54] | People in the contracting phase would live their lives backward. | 在收缩阶段人们会倒着活 |
| [1:07:59] | They would die before they were born… | 他们会死在出生之前 |
| [1:08:01] | and get younger as the universe got small again. | 当宇宙缩小 能再获青春 |
| [1:08:06] | Eventually, they would return to the womb. | 最终回到子宫 |
| [1:08:13] | He gave me my first problem to do. | 头一次 他给我留了一个问题 |
| [1:08:17] | He asked me to look at this mathematical problem. | 他让我看看这个数学问题 |
| [1:08:20] | Usually when he gives a problem, he has a good idea… | 通常当他给出一个问题 他的脑海里 |
| [1:08:23] | of what the answer should be. | 会有答案的大概样子 |
| [1:08:25] | I went to look at it, and it took me a few months… | 我看了一下 花了我几个月 |
| [1:08:29] | to understand what it was about, | 来理解这是什么东西 |
| [1:08:30] | and I came back and said, “I get this answer.” | 然后回来说 “我知道答案了” |
| [1:08:33] | And he said to me, “No, that is not what I expected.” | 他对我说 “不 这不是我所期望的” |
| [1:08:37] | I said, “That’s what I get.” | 我说 “这就是我得到的” |
| [1:08:38] | So I went to the blackboard, explained what it was. | 所以我走向黑板 解释它是什么 |
| [1:08:41] | He said, “Did you think about that particular case?” I said, “No, I didn’t.” | 他说 “考虑特殊情况了吗” 我说 “没考虑” |
| [1:08:45] | So I went back… | 所以我又回去了 |
| [1:08:47] | and I calculated what he’d talked to me about. | 然后计算他告诉我的东西 |
| [1:08:50] | I came back a few weeks after, and I said, | 在我回去的一个星期后 我说 |
| [1:08:51] | “Stephen, I don’t get this thing. | “史蒂芬 我得不到这些东西” |
| [1:08:54] | I still get the same answer I had originally.” | “我仍然得出了一开始的答案” |
| [1:08:57] | So he said to me, “No, no, no, no. | 所以他对我说 “不不不” |
| [1:09:00] | This doesn’t work. Did you think about that?” | “这没用 你想过那些东西吗” |
| [1:09:02] | I said, “Oh, no. I’d forgotten about that particular case.” | 我说 “不 我忘了考虑特殊情况” |
| [1:09:05] | So I went back to the drawing board and started calculating again… | 所以我回去重新开始计算 |
| [1:09:08] | and again I got the same answer. | 再一次 我得到了相同的答案 |
| [1:09:10] | So I went back to see Stephen, and this dragged on for two or three months. | 所以我又回来见史蒂芬 这拖延了两三个月 |
| [1:09:16] | Finally he said to me… | 最后他对我说 |
| [1:09:18] | “Maybe one of your approximations is not valid.” | “可能你的某一个近似是无效的” |
| [1:09:23] | So me and a colleague decided to do the thing with computers. | 所以我和我的同事决定用计算机做这件事 |
| [1:09:26] | This takes a lot of time to Write the programs… | 这花了大把时间来写程序 |
| [1:09:29] | and to be sure the program was correct. | 还要确定程序是正确的 |
| [1:09:31] | We get the answer, and it was still the way I’d said before… | 我们得到答案 仍然和我之前说的一样 |
| [1:09:35] | and not the way Stephen said, so we went to see Stephen and said, | 而不是史蒂芬说的那种 所以我们去见史蒂芬 说 |
| [1:09:38] | “You see? Again.” | “看到了吗 还是这样” |
| [1:09:43] | I had made a mistake. | 我犯了一个错误 |
| [1:09:48] | I had been using too simple a model of the universe. | 我使用的宇宙模型太过简单 |
| [1:09:54] | Time will not reverse direction… | 当宇宙开始收缩时 |
| [1:09:56] | when the universe begins to contract. | 时间不会反转 |
| [1:10:02] | People will continue to get older… | 人们还会继续变老 |
| [1:10:05] | so it is no good waiting until the universe recollapses… | 所以等着宇宙再次坍缩 回到我们的青春 |
| [1:10:10] | to return to our youth. | 这不现实 |
| [1:10:28] | Einstein once asked the question… | 爱因斯坦曾经问了一个问题 |
| [1:10:31] | “How much choice did God have… | “在构建宇宙的时候” |
| [1:10:33] | in constructing the universe?” | “上帝有多少种选择” |
| [1:10:38] | If my proposal that the universe has no boundary is correct… | 如果我的宇宙没有边界的假设是对的 |
| [1:10:43] | he had no freedom at all… | 那么上帝在创世上 |
| [1:10:45] | to choose how the universe began. | 毫无选择的余地 |
| [1:10:50] | He would only have had the freedom… | 他唯一可以选择的是 |
| [1:10:52] | to choose the laws the universe obeyed. | 宇宙所服从的法则 |
| [1:10:57] | This, however, may not have been… | 然而 这可能 |
| [1:11:00] | all that much of a choice. | 也没有太多选择 |
| [1:11:04] | There may well be only one unified theory… | 可能只有一种统一理论 |
| [1:11:07] | that allows for the existence of structures… | 这种理论允许各种复杂结构的存在 |
| [1:11:10] | As complicated as human beings… | 像人类一样复杂 |
| [1:11:13] | who can investigate the laws of the universe… | 人类能研究宇宙法则 |
| [1:11:17] | and ask about the nature of God. | 能够探究上帝的本质 |
| [1:11:27] | I don’t know how clear-cut these experiments are… | 我不知道这些实验有多明确 |
| [1:11:31] | but there are experiments | 但是有过关于 |
| [1:11:32] | that have been done on the timing of consciousness… | 意识时间的实验 |
| [1:11:35] | and they seem to lead to a very odd picture… | 它们似乎都会得到一幅非常奇怪的图景 |
| [1:11:38] | which doesn’t even quite make consistent sense. | 而这图像也没有什么确切的意义 |
| [1:11:41] | Whether refinement of these experiments… | 我不确定这些实验的精细 |
| [1:11:43] | might get rid of this kind of anomaly I’m not sure… | 是否能摆脱这种异常 |
| [1:11:46] | but it does look a little as though | 但是它看起来有点像 |
| [1:11:48] | there is something very odd about consciousness… | 与意识有关的奇怪的东西 |
| [1:11:50] | and somehow almost as though the future affects the past in some way… | 还像是未来在某种程度上影响了过去 |
| [1:11:54] | over a very tiny, limited scale, but something maybe of the order… | 这种影响只在非常小且有限的尺度上 |
| [1:11:58] | of a reasonable fraction of a second. | 或者是什么只在一秒内有序的东西 |
| [1:12:00] | And there’s no reason to believe… | 没理由相信 |
| [1:12:02] | that one’s conscious experience… | 一个人的意识体验 |
| [1:12:05] | shouldn’t be part of somebody else’s… | 在另一些阶段不会成为 |
| [1:12:08] | at some other stage. | 别人意识的一部分 |
| [1:12:10] | I don’t know if it’s fair to say what happens after one dies… | 我不知道这是否可信 说一个人死后 |
| [1:12:13] | but it’s a plausible picture… | 他可能会成为另一个人 |
| [1:12:16] | that you could be somebody else… | 但这貌似是很有可能的 |
| [1:12:18] | and that somebody else could be somebody that lived in the past, | 并且某人可能是活在过去的某个人 |
| [1:12:20] | not in the future. | 而不是未来的 |
| [1:12:25] | Even if there is only one possible unified theory… | 即使只有一种可能的大统一理论 |
| [1:12:29] | that is just a set of rules and equations… | 即一套准则和方程 |
| [1:12:34] | what is it that breathes fire into the equations… | 那是什么扰乱了这些等式 |
| [1:12:37] | and makes a universe for them to describe ? | 制造出一个它们所描绘的宇宙呢 |
| [1:12:43] | Why does the universe go to all the bother of existing? | 为什么宇宙要自寻烦恼 |
| [1:12:49] | Is the unified theory so compelling… | 是否是大统一理论如此势不可挡 |
| [1:12:52] | that it brings about its own existence? | 以至于引起其自身存在的问题 |
| [1:12:57] | Or does it need a creator? | 或许 他需要一个创造者 |
| [1:13:00] | And, if so… | 如果是这样 |
| [1:13:02] | who created him? | 是谁创造了创造者 |
| [1:13:13] | I think I would say that the universe has a purpose. | 我想我会说宇宙有个目的 |
| [1:13:17] | It’s not somehow just there by chance. | 它不是偶然地莫名其妙地存在 |
| [1:13:20] | I think it’s… Yeah. | 我想它是 |
| [1:13:23] | So… | 那么的 |
| [1:13:25] | it’s… it’s… | 它是 |
| [1:13:28] | Some people, I think, take the view that the universe is just there… | 我想有些人会持这么一种观点 宇宙就在那 |
| [1:13:31] | and it sort of runs and runs, and it just sort of computes… | 它只是不停地运行 |
| [1:13:35] | and we happen somehow by accident to find ourselves in this thing. | 我们偶然发现了我们身处其中 |
| [1:13:38] | But I don’t think that’s a very fruitful… | 但我觉得这不是一种 |
| [1:13:41] | or helpful way of looking at the universe. | 正确的看待宇宙的方式 |
| [1:13:45] | I think that there is something much deeper about it. | 我认为宇宙有更深层次的东西 |
| [1:13:50] | In real time, the time in which we live… | 在实时间中 就是我们所生活的这种时间 |
| [1:13:54] | the universe has two possible destinies: | 宇宙有两种可能的命运 |
| [1:13:58] | It may continue to expand forever… | 它可能永远继续扩张 |
| [1:14:04] | or it may recollapse and come to an end… | 或者 它可能在大收缩中 |
| [1:14:07] | at the Big Crunch. | 再次坍缩 最终结束 |
| [1:14:11] | It would be rather like the Big Bang… | 这与大爆炸相当类似 |
| [1:14:14] | but in reverse. | 但过程相反 |
| [1:14:18] | I now believe that the universe will come to an end… | 现在我相信宇宙最终会在 |
| [1:14:22] | at the Big Crunch. | 大收缩中结束 |
| [1:14:25] | I do, however, have certain advantages… | 然而 我确实 |
| [1:14:28] | over many other prophets of doom. | 比其他厄运先知更占优势 |
| [1:14:33] | Whatever happens ten billion years from now… | 无论一百亿年之后会发生什么 |
| [1:14:37] | I don’t expect to be around to be proved wrong. | 我都不希望被证明是错误的 |
| [1:14:43] | Of all the pictures that I know… | 我所知道的所有画面 |
| [1:14:48] | the simplest of any cosmology… | 任何最简单的宇宙学的结论 |
| [1:14:51] | is that in which the universe is closed… | 就是宇宙是封闭的 |
| [1:14:54] | has a finite lifetime… | 拥有有限的寿命 |
| [1:14:56] | and collapses with the same kind of collapse… | 会坍缩 |
| [1:15:00] | that a black hole does. | 像黑洞坍缩那样 |
| [1:15:04] | If it should turn out that indeed… | 如果结果确实是那样 |
| [1:15:07] | the universe is limited in its life… | 宇宙的生命是有限的 |
| [1:15:12] | how is that different from the life… | 那么它的生命 |
| [1:15:15] | of each one of us? | 与我们每个人的又有什么不同 |
| [1:15:27] | On the evening of Tuesday, March 5fh… | 在3月5日 星期二的晚上 |
| [1:15:29] | at about 10:45. . . | 大概10点45分 |
| [1:15:32] | I was returning to my flat in Pinehurst. | 我正准备回去皮恩斯的公寓 |
| [1:15:37] | It was dark and raining. | 天色很暗 又下着雨 |
| [1:15:41] | I came up to Grange Road… | 我来到格兰芝路 |
| [1:15:43] | and saw headlights approaching… | 看见车灯正在接近 |
| [1:15:46] | but judged that they were far enough away… | 但是我判断他们离我足够远 |
| [1:15:49] | that I could cross safely. | 使我能安全地通过 |
| [1:15:54] | The vehicle must have been traveling very fast… | 那辆车一定是开得非常快 |
| [1:15:57] | for when I got just past the middle of the road… | 因为当我仅仅到路中间时 |
| [1:16:01] | my nurse screamed, “Look out!” | 我的护士就惊呼 “小心” |
| [1:16:06] | I heard tires skidding… | 我听到轮胎在滑行 |
| [1:16:09] | and my wheelchair was struck a tremendous blow in the back. | 一阵强风从我轮椅后面吹来 |
| [1:16:14] | I ended up in the road… | 我最后躺在路上 |
| [1:16:16] | with my legs over the remains of the wheelchair. | 腿搭着剩下的轮椅 |
| [1:16:22] | The accident destroyed my wheelchair… | 这场事故弄坏了我的轮椅 |
| [1:16:25] | and damaged my computer system… | 还毁了 |
| [1:16:27] | with which I communicate. | 我用来交流的计算机 |
| [1:16:32] | I required 13 stitches in my head… | 我要在头上缝十三针 |
| [1:16:37] | but I was able to go back to work several days later. | 但是几天之后我就能够回去工作了 |
| [1:16:47] | The memories I have are very much… | 我对那一段的记忆 |
| [1:16:51] | kind of… | 大概是 |
| [1:16:53] | visual pictures of what Stephen was… | 史蒂芬当时的样子 |
| [1:16:56] | of seeing Stephen in certain situations. | 以及他在那种情形下的情况 |
| [1:17:00] | He was always moving. | 他总是在动 |
| [1:17:03] | Always. | 总是 |
| [1:17:05] | Well, hardly ever still. | 几乎没安静过 |
| [1:17:08] | It was the same thing about his face and gesture… | 关于他的表情和姿态也一样 |
| [1:17:12] | which he used a great deal, I should say… | 他曾常用的那些 我应该说 |
| [1:17:15] | but it’s only memory. | 但这仅仅是记忆了 |
| [1:17:19] | I found some photographs recently… | 最近我找到一些照片 |
| [1:17:22] | which reminded me of the general look of everybody… | 使我想起每一个人的样子 |
| [1:17:25] | and I must say Stephen looked very much like he does now… | 我必须说史蒂芬非常像他现在的样子 |
| [1:17:31] | if one thinks of him like that. | 如果你能想起以前的他 |
| [1:17:40] | He does believe very intensely… | 他非常强烈地相信 |
| [1:17:43] | in the almost infinite possibility of the human mind. | 人类的思想有无限可能 |
| [1:17:49] | You have to find out what you can’t know… | 在你知道你不能之前 |
| [1:17:52] | before you know you can’t, don’t you? | 你一定能发现那些你没法知道的事情 不是吗 |
| [1:17:54] | So I don’t think that thought should be restricted at all. | 所以我认为思想一点都不应该被束缚 |
| [1:17:58] | Why shouldn’t you go on thinking about the unthinkable? | 为什么你不该继续想那些无法想象的东西 |
| [1:18:03] | Somebody’s got to start sometime. | 或许有些人已经开始了 |
| [1:18:05] | Think how many things were unthinkable a century ago… | 想想在一个世纪以前有多少事情是无法想象的 |
| [1:18:08] | and yet people have thought them. | 还有人们曾想过的 |
| [1:18:10] | And often they also seemed quite unpractical. | 它们经常看起来不切实际 |
| [1:18:14] | Not all the things Stephen says probably… | 史蒂芬说的东西 |
| [1:18:17] | are to be taken as gospel truth. | 并不一定都被当作真理 |
| [1:18:19] | He’s a searcher. He’s looking for things. | 他是一个探索者 他正在探索 |
| [1:18:22] | And sometimes he probably talks nonsense. Well, don’t we all? | 有时他可能是胡说八道 好吧 难道我们不也是吗 |
| [1:18:26] | But the point is… | 但关键是 |
| [1:18:29] | people must think. | 人类必须思考 |
| [1:18:32] | People must go on thinking. | 必须继续思考 |
| [1:18:34] | They must try to extend the boundaries of knowledge… | 他们必须试着扩展知识的边界 |
| [1:18:37] | and they don’t sometimes even know where to start. | 有时他们甚至不知道从何开始 |
| [1:18:41] | You don’t know where the boundaries are, do you? | 你不知道边界在哪 不是吗 |
| [1:18:45] | You don’t know what your taking-off point is. | 你不知道你的起点是什么 |
| [1:18:57] | If we do discover a complete theory of the universe… | 如果我们确实发现了一个完整的宇宙理论 |
| [1:19:01] | it should in time be understandable… | 它应该及时就成为广泛的原则 |
| [1:19:03] | in broad principle by everyone… | 被每个人所理解 |
| [1:19:06] | not just a few scientists. | 而不仅仅是少数的科学家 |
| [1:19:14] | Then we shall all… | 然后我们所有人 |
| [1:19:16] | philosophers, scientists, and just ordinary people… | 无论哲学家 科学家 还是普通人 |
| [1:19:20] | be able to take part in the discussion of why it is… | 都能够参与讨论 |
| [1:19:25] | that we and the universe exist. | 我们和这宇宙为什么存在 |
| [1:19:32] | If we find the answer to that… | 如果我们找到答案 |
| [1:19:34] | it would be the ultimate triumph… | 这将是人类理性的 |
| [1:19:37] | of human reason… | 最终胜利 |
| [1:19:42] | for then we would know… | 因为我们知道了 |
| [1:19:45] | the mind of God. | 上帝的想法 |