Nova Einstein’s Big Idea(改变世界的方程式)[2005]电影台词本阅读、下载和单词统计

电影名称：改变世界的方程式
英文名称：Nova Einstein's Big Idea
年代：2005

推荐：千部英美剧台词本阅读

时间	英文	中文
[00:14]	When we think of E=mc2 we have this vision of Einstein	当我们想到E=mc2的时候，我们就会想起爱因斯坦
[00:18]	as an old wrinkly man with white hair.	这个满脸皱纹花白头发的老头。
[00:20]	E=mc2 is not about an old Einstein.	E=mc2 不是关于老爱因斯坦的。
[00:27]	It’s actually about a young,energetic, dynamic, even a sexy Einstein.	它实际上是关于一个年轻的，充满活力的，动态的，甚至性感的爱因斯坦的。
[00:34]	What would I see if I rode on a beam of light?	如果我骑着一束光，我会看到什么？
[00:45]	Perhaps some sort of electrical force is emanating outwards from the wire.	可能会看到电线里放出电来。
[00:50]	What?	你说什么？
[00:51]	Faraday, my dear boy, electricity flows through a wire, not sideways to it.	法拉第，我的孩子啊，电是在电线里流动的，不是在电线外边流动的。
[00:55]	You see, John? You see?	你看到了吗，约翰？你看到了吗？
[01:02]	It is my great ambition to demonstrate that nature is a closed system,	我立志论证自然是一个闭环系统，
[01:08]	that in any transformation no amount of matter, no mass, is ever lost	里面任何转换都不会损失物质的量，也不会损失质量，
[01:15]	and none is gained.	同样也不会增加。
[01:19]	The people…(Where is Lavoisier）…it is they who will determine who right and wrong.	人民。。。（拉瓦锡在哪？）。。。将由他们决定对错。
[01:30]	Emilie, you are being absurd.	艾米莉，你太愚蠢了。
[01:32]	Why ascribe to an object a vague and immeasurable force like vis viva?	为什么把一种像推力一样的模糊的、不可测量的力量归因于一个物体？
[01:37]	It is a return to the old ways.	这又回到老路上去了。
[01:40]	Are you capable of discovering something of your own?	你能发现属于自己的东西吗？
[01:43]	I discovered you.	我发现了你。
[01:45]	There is no right time for the truth.	真理没有合适的时间。
[01:54]	Fraulein Meitner?	麦特纳小姐？
[01:55]	Yes?	嗯？
[01:56]	Otto Hahn.	我是奥托·哈恩。
[01:57]	The nucleus is our focus.	原子核是我们的重点。
[02:00]	The Jewess endangers our Institute.	这个犹太女人威胁到了我们的研究所。
[02:02]	We can’t harbor a Jew.	我们不能窝藏犹太人。
[02:04]	If she stays the regime will shut us all down.	如果她留下，纳粹制度就会把我们都关起来。
[02:11]	He’s split the atom.	他分裂了原子。
[02:13]	No, no, no. You’ve split the atom.	不，不，不。你分裂了原子。
[02:18]	Energy equals mass times the square of the speed of light.	能量等于质量乘以光速的平方。
[02:30]	Would you like me to check your mathematics?	我可以检查一下你的数学方程吗？
[02:47]	Corporal funding for Nova is provided by Google.	谷歌提供了Nova的合作资金。
[02:51]	Major funding for is provided by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, HHMI,	大部分资金由霍华德休斯医学研究所（HHMI）提供，
[02:55]	serving society through biomedical research and science eduation.	它通过生物学研究和科学教育服务社会
[02:59]	Funding for Einstein’s Big Idea is provided by the National Science Foundation,	Einstein’s Big Idea的资金由美国对未来的投资
[03:06]	America’s investment in the future.	–美国国家科学基金提供。
[03:10]	And by the Alfred Sloan Foundation,	阿尔弗雷德斯隆基金会,
[03:13]	to enhance public understanding of science and technology.	旨在加强公众对科学技术的理解，也提供了资金。
[03:18]	And the Department of Energy, fostering science and security.	能源部–推动科学和安全，也提供了资金。
[03:23]	Major funding for is also provided by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting	主要资金同样也由公共广播公司
[03:28]	and by PBS viewers like you. Thank you.	和PBS的观众们提供。谢谢你们。
[03:43]	A hundred years ago, a deceptively simple formula revealed a hidden unity,	一百年前，一个看似简单的公式揭示了一个隐藏的统一体，
[03:48]	buried deep in the fabric of the universe.	它深藏于宇宙的组织结构中。
[03:56]	It tells of a fantastic connection between energy, matter and light.	它讲述了能量，质量和光之间的神奇的联系。
[04:03]	Its author was a youthful Albert Einstein.	这个公式的作者就是年轻的爱因斯坦。
[04:08]	It’s the most famous equation in the world–E=mc2.	这是世界上最有名的公式–E=mc2。
[04:25]	But while we’ve all heard of Einstein’s big idea, very few of us know what it means.	尽管我们都听说过爱因斯坦这个伟大的想法，却很少有人知道它什么意思。
[04:34]	In fact, E=mc2 is so remarkable that even Einstein wasn’t sure if it was really true.	实际上，E=mc2 如此的惊人以至于爱因斯坦都不敢肯定这是不是真的。
[04:47]	Albert, darling, you are later than I expected.	阿尔伯特，亲爱的，你迟到了。
[04:53]	We’ve only got sausage and cheese tonight. What is it?	今晚我们只有香肠和奶酪了。这是什么？
[04:59]	We need to talk.	我们需要谈谈。
[05:01]	Has something happened?	怎么了？
[05:02]	Oh, no, nothing, sorry, no.	哦，没事，抱歉，没事。
[05:05]	I spent most of the day staring out the window at work looking at trains,	我几乎花了一天的时间注视着窗外的火车，
[05:10]	and I started to think about an object and how much energy it had.	我开始想到一个物体，它有多少能量？
[05:17]	Can I explain it to you?	我可以跟你解释一下吗？
[05:18]	Of course you can, but first, dinner-food and talk.	当然了，不过先吃饭，吃完再谈。
[05:27]	I think the gods are laughing at me.	我想上帝在嘲笑我呢。
[05:34]	The gods were not laughing at Einstein.	上帝没有嘲笑爱因斯坦。
[05:38]	He’d united, in one stunning insight, the work of many who had come before him,	他以惊人的洞察力把前人的许多工作联系到了一起，
[05:44]	scientists who’d fought, and even died, to create each part of the equation.	那些科学家为之奋斗终生的工作，创造了这个方程的每一部分。
[05:51]	The story of E=mc2 starts long before Einstein, with the discovery of E-for energy.	E=mc2的故事早在在爱因斯坦之前就开始了，首先是E-能量的发现。
[06:13]	In the early 19th century, scientists didn’t think in terms of energy.	19世纪早期，科学家们不以能量的形式思考。
[06:18]	They thought in terms of individual powers or forces.	他们以单独的力的方式想问题。
[06:23]	These were all disconnected, unrelated things–	这些力都没有联系，
[06:27]	the power of the wind, the force of a door closing, a crack of lightning.	像风力，关门的力，一条闪电。
[06:35]	The idea that there might be some sort of overarching, unifying energy	在这些力的背后，或许有种整体的，统一的能量存在，
[06:39]	which lay behind all these forces had yet to be revealed.	但这个想法尚未被揭露出来。
[06:44]	One lowly man’s drive to understand the hidden mysteries of nature	一个追求理解自然界隐藏的秘密的小人物
[06:49]	would begin to change all that.	开始挑战这一切。
[06:58]	Young Michael Faraday hated his job.	年轻的迈克尔法拉第讨厌自己的工作。
[07:01]	He was uneducated–the son of a blacksmith.	他是个铁匠的儿子，没有受过教育，
[07:04]	He’d been lucky to become a bookbinder’s apprentice.	他有幸成了一个书籍装订商的学徒。
[07:09]	But Faraday craved one thing, he craved knowledge. He read every book	但法拉第渴望一个东西，他渴望知识。
[07:12]	that passed through his hands. He developed a passion for science.	他阅读了经过他的手的每一本书。他对科学充满了激情。
[07:17]	All of his free time and his meager wages were poured into his self-education.	他把所有的闲暇时间和微薄的工资都投入到了自我教育中。
[07:21]	He was on the threshold of an incredible journey into the invisible world of energy.	他走到了通往不可见的能量世界的惊人旅途的门槛上。
[07:39]	Faraday had impressed one of his master’s customers and was rewarded with a ticket	法拉第令他老板的一个客户印象深刻，并得到了一张
[07:44]	that would change his life.	改变他的命运的票。
[07:49]	Excuse me please. Can I pass, please?	抱歉。请让我过一下。
[07:52]	Can I pass?	我可以过去吗？
[07:55]	Some of us are trying to improve ourselves, if people will let us.	如果人们允许的话，我们都想提高我们自己。
[07:58]	Of course, of course.Pass, pass.	当然可以，当然。过吧，过去吧。
[08:01]	This way to a better life.	这条路通往好生活。
[08:05]	In the early 1800s,science was the pursuit of gentlemen	在19世纪早期，科学是上流人士们的追求
[08:10]	—something Faraday was clearly not.	——法拉第明显不是上流人士。
[08:13]	He had a rudimentary education, he’d read widely, he’d gone to public lectures,	他受过基本的教育，读过很多书，去听过公共讲座，
[08:19]	but in 1812 he was given tickets to hear Sir Humphry Davy,	但是在1812年他得到一张票去听当时最杰出的
[08:24]	the most prominent chemist of the age.	汉弗莱戴维爵士的讲座
[08:35]	Nineteenth century scientists were the pop stars of their day.	在19世纪，科学家是那个时代的明星。
[08:39]	Their lectures were hugely popular, tickets were hard to come by,	他们的讲座非常受欢迎，一票难求，
[08:45]	and Davy reveled in his status.	戴维陶醉于他的地位。
[08:49]	They’re waiting. I know.	他们等着呢，我知道。
[08:53]	He was also a keen follower of the latest nitrous oxide,or “laughing gas.”	他也是最新的一氧化二氮（笑气）的追求者。
[09:00]	He said it had all the benefits of alcohol without the hangover.	他说笑气有酒的所有好处而无需解酒。
[09:08]	Electricity, ladies and gentlemen, a mysterious force that can unravel the confusing	女士们先生们，电是一种神秘的力量，它可以分解我们周围
[09:14]	mixture of intermingled substances that surround us and produce pure, pure elements.	扑朔迷离的混合物质，产生纯净的成份。
[09:21]	Davy was an absolutely first-rate scientist, however, many will come to say that	戴维绝对是个一流的科学家，然而，许多人会说
[09:26]	his greatest discovery is Michael Faraday. …unknown metals. Unknown	他最大的发现是迈克尔·法拉第。。。。未知的金属。那是未知的，
[09:31]	that is until I isolated potassium from molten potash and sodium,	直到我从熔融钾肥中分离出了钾，
[09:35]	as I showed you last time, from common salt. That same metal…	还有上次给你们展示的，从普通盐中分离出钠。那个相同的。。。
[09:41]	Faraday may not have been born a gentleman,	法拉第可能不是个天生的上流人士，
[09:43]	but he wasn’t going to let class barriers stop him from pursuing a career in science.	但他并没有打算让阶级障碍阻止他追求科学事业。
[09:50]	He worked for nights on end to bind his lecture notes into a book for his new hero.	他曾熬了几夜把他的讲座笔记为他的偶像整理装订成一本书
[09:58]	Lord, help me to think only of others, to be of use to mankind. Help me	主啊，助我成为只为别人着想的人，成为一个对人类有用的人吧。帮助我
[10:07]	be part of the Great Circle that is your work and love. Lord, I am your servant.	成为你的工作和爱情的伟大的光环的一部分吧。主啊，我是你的奴仆。
[10:22]	This is excellent work, Faraday. So, what is it you aim to do with your life?	干的不错，法拉第。那么，你这辈子想干什么？
[10:30]	My desire, sir, is to escape from trade—which I find vicious and selfish— and to	先生，我的理想是脱离贸易，我发现它是恶毒和自私的
[10:36]	become a servant of science, which I imagine makes its pursuers amiable and liberal.	我想成为科学的仆人，科学使它的追求者和蔼可亲，慷慨自由而没有偏见。
[10:46]	Really? Well, I shall leave it to the experience of a few years	真的么？好吧，我就把这事留给你几年的经历来
[10:49]	to set you right on that score.	让你上道儿吧。
[10:52]	Look, I haven’t anything at the moment. I’ll send a note if anything comes up.	你瞧，现在我没什么事。有事儿的时候我会通知你。
[11:02]	Despite this humiliating setback,	由于这个屈辱的挫折，
[11:04]	Faraday was determined to break free from his daily toil.	法拉第决定挣脱他每日的辛劳。
[11:11]	His patience was rewarded.	他的耐心得到了汇报。
[11:34]	Newman, meet Mr. Michael Faraday, he’s going to be my helper while I recover.	纽曼，见一下法拉第先生，我康复期间他来当我的助手。
[11:42]	He assures me he is a Christian fellow.	他向我保证他是个基督徒。
[11:44]	Perhaps with God and Faraday in charge of the chemicals	也许由上帝和法拉第负责这些化学品，
[11:47]	you and I will be safe in our place of work.	你和我在我们的工作室会安全。
[11:49]	Thank you, Professor Davy. Welcome Faraday.	谢谢，戴维教授。欢迎你法拉第。
[11:52]	Oh, no, thank you.And thank you, Sir Humphry.	哦，不用了，谢谢。谢谢你，汉弗莱先生。
[11:55]	Just stick to your job and do as you’re told, and you’ll be fine, Faraday.	法拉第，你只要坚持你的工作，做我让你做的，你就没事儿。
[12:05]	Faraday became the laboratory assistant,	法拉第成了实验室助手，
[12:08]	eagerly absorbing every scrap of knowledge that Davy deemed to impart.	他急切地吸收戴维传授的所有知识。
[12:14]	But in time the pupil would surpass the master.	但不久这个徒弟就会超越老师。
[12:23]	The big excitement of the day was electricity.	那个时代最令人兴奋的是电。
[12:27]	Another charge, Newman.	再充电一次，纽曼。
[12:30]	The battery had just been invented and all manner of experiments were being done.	那时刚发明了电池，各种各样的实验都在进行。
[12:35]	But no one really understood what this strange force of electricity was.	但没人真正理解电这种奇怪的力量是什么。
[12:44]	The academic established at the time thought that electricity was like	当时的学术机构认为电像流经管道的流体，
[12:50]	a fluid flowing through a pipe, pushing its way along.	推动着自己前进。
[12:53]	But in 1821 a Danish researcher showed that when you pass an electric current through a wire	但在1821年一个丹麦研究者演示了当电流通过电线时，
[12:59]	and place a compass near it, it deflected the needle at right angles.	将指南针靠近电线时，指针会偏向某个角度。
[13:04]	This was the first time researchers had seen electricity affect a magnet,	这是研究者们第一次看到电磁感应，
[13:09]	the first glimpse of two forces,which had previously been seen as entirely separate,	第一次看到以前被视为完全分离的两种力，
[13:14]	now unified in some inexplicable way.	现在莫名其妙的联系在一起了。
[13:18]	Faraday, come look at this. You’re the bright spark around here,	法拉第，过来看看这个。你是这周围闪耀的新星，
[13:21]	perhaps you can work it out. Oersted’s reported an amazing finding.	说不定你能搞定这个。奥斯特有一个惊人的发现。
[13:25]	We’re just replicating it here. Let’s try the compass on the other side.	我们在这里复现了一下。来，我们把指南针放在另一边。
[13:32]	Now, that is remarkable. But if the electrical force is flowing through the wire,	靠，太不可思议了。可是如果电力是沿着电线流动的，
[13:39]	why does the needle not move in the same direction, parallel to the wire?	为什么指针没有和电线平行，指向和电流相同的方向呢？
[13:43]	Quite. Let’s try turning the whole apparatus round. Again, Newman.	静一下。我们把这个装置旋转一下，Newman，再来一次。
[13:57]	So, the electrical force goes this way, the compass points that way.	嗯，电沿着这个方向走，指南针却向那边指。
[14:06]	How can one affect the other?	电怎么会影响指针呢？
[14:10]	Perhaps the electricity is throwing out some invisible force as it moves along?	可能电沿着电线流动的时候释放出了某种不可见的力？
[14:15]	What?	啥？
[14:16]	Perhaps some sort of electrical force is emanating outwards from the wire.	可能某种电力从电线中散发出来。
[14:22]	Oh, my dear boy, let me tell you that at the University of Cambridge,	哦，小伙子，我来告诉你，在剑桥大学电是沿着电线流动的
[14:25]	electricity flows through a wire, not sideways to it.	不是在电线旁边流动的。
[14:29]	Well, that may be what they teach at Cambridge,	是，剑桥可能是这么教的，
[14:31]	but it doesn’t explain what’s happening before our eyes.	但这不能解释我们眼前发生的这些事啊。
[14:33]	Now, now. Let’s just get on. Let’s swap the compass to below the wire.	好吧，好了。我们继续。咱把指南针放在电线下边。
[14:38]	Why the compass was deflected at right angles,	为何指南针偏转成直角，
[14:41]	why the electricity was affecting the compass at all,	为何电竟然能影响指南针，
[14:44]	dumb founded Davy and many others.	戴维和很多人都感到无语。
[14:50]	As we celebrate the marriage of Michael and Sarah…	我们庆祝迈克和萨拉结婚了。。。
[14:54]	For Faraday, however,the problem became an obsession.	然而，对法拉第而言，这个问题让他着了魔。
[14:58]	It was a fascination inspired by his religion.	这是由他的宗教信仰得到的灵感。
[15:02]	For him the problem was a way to understand God’s hidden mysteries.	对他而言，这个问题是理解上帝隐藏的秘密的一个方式。
[15:09]	There is a small,almost persecuted group in London called the Sandemanians.	在伦敦有一个人数不多却麻烦不断的组织，叫Sandemanians。
[15:13]	They were religious…not really a sect,	他们有宗教信仰不是真正的教派，
[15:15]	they were just a small sub-sect, sort of like Quakers.	只是一个小的子教派，有点像教友派。
[15:17]	Faraday was a member of that group. It was a very gentle, decent group.	法拉第是那个组织的一员。那是个非常温和，体面的群体。
[15:20]	They believed that underneath the whole surface of reality,	他们相信在整个现实的表面之下，
[15:24]	everything was created by God in a unified way—that	一切都是由上帝以统一的方式创造的。
[15:26]	if you opened up one little part of it you could see how everything was connected.	如果你解开一小部分，你就能看到这一切是如何联系在一起的。
[15:35]	Michael Faraday was someone who, like Einstein, thought in terms of pictures.	法拉第像爱因斯坦一样，是个以图片的形式思考的人。
[15:43]	Faraday was different from anybody else.	法拉第与众不同。
[15:45]	He had a flair for understanding his experiments,	他有理解自己的实验的天赋，
[15:47]	for understanding what was really going on inside them.	他能理解实验的内部到底是如何进行的。
[15:52]	By methodically placing a compass all around an electrified wire,	他有条不紊地将指南针放在通电导线周围的各个地方，
[15:56]	Faraday started to notice a pattern.	法拉第发现了一种模式。
[16:06]	What everyone else at the time had been taught was that	那时其他人仍被教授的是
[16:09]	forces travel in straight lines.	电力是沿直线流动的。
[16:10]	Faraday was different.	法拉第与众不同。
[16:11]	Faraday imagined that invisible lines of force flowed around an electric wire.	他想象出无形的磁力线在电线的周围流动。
[16:19]	And then he imagined that a magnet had similar lines emerging from it and that	接着他又想象出磁体也有类似的线出现，
[16:22]	those lines would get caught up in this flow. It was a bit like a flag in a wind.	并且这些线在流动中会相交。这有点像风中的旗子一样。
[16:31]	But Faraday’s great leap of imagination was to turn this experiment on its head.	但法拉第想象力的伟大飞跃在于把脑中所想付诸实验。
[16:37]	Instead of an electrified wire moving a compass needle,	除了通电导线可以使指南针移动，
[16:41]	he wondered if he could get a static magnet to move a wire.	他想知道静止的磁铁是否能推动电线。
[16:46]	I’ve never seen you like this, Faraday. You look like a happy child.	法拉第，我从来没见你这样过。你看上去像个高兴的孩子。
[16:51]	I’m shaking, Newman. Underneath I’m shaking.	我浑身发抖，Newman。我骨子里在颤抖。
[17:04]	You see,John, you see? Yes.	你看到了吗，John，你看到了吗？嗯。
[17:19]	This is the experiment of the century. It’s the invention of the electric motor.	这是这个世纪的伟大实验。这是电动机的发明。
[17:26]	Scale up the magnets and the wires; make them really big.	把磁铁和导线按比例放大，让它们非常大。
[17:30]	Attach heavy weights to them and they’ll be dragged along.	电线上绑上重物，他们就会被拉动起来。
[17:35]	But almost more importantly,	但更重要的是，
[17:37]	he’s inventing a new kind of physics here. Although he didn’t realize it at the time,	他发明了一种新的物理学。尽管那时法拉第并没意识到，
[17:43]	Faraday had also just demonstrated an overarching principle.	他还展示了一个基本原理。
[17:49]	The chemicals in the battery had been transformed into electricity in the wire,	电池中的化学物质可以转换成导线中的电能，
[17:54]	which had combined with the magnet to produce motion.	进而与磁体结合产生动力。
[17:59]	Behind all these various forces there was a common energy.	在这各种各样的力背后有种共同的能量。
[18:16]	A couple of months earlier, Davy had been elected President of the Royal Society,	几个月后，戴维当选为皇家学会主席，
[18:20]	which was the elite body of English science.	这是英国科学的精英团体。
[18:24]	But then he saw this great discovery published in the Quarterly Journal of Science.	就在那时他看到这个伟大的发现出版在科学季刊上。
[18:28]	I don’t know if he was envious,	我不知道他是不是嫉妒
[18:29]	but he certainly saw that this young man who had been his assistant,	但他肯定看到了这个曾为自己的助手的年轻人，
[18:32]	this mere blacksmith’s son,	这个不过是铁匠的儿子的法拉第，
[18:34]	had come up with one of the greatest discoveries of the Victorian era.	提出了维多利亚时代最伟大的发现之一。
[18:44]	Davy accuses Faraday of plagiarizing similar work	戴维控告法拉第剽窃了英国另外一个杰出的科学家
[18:49]	from another eminent British scientist, William Wollaston.	威廉渥拉斯顿的类似的工作。
[18:54]	So Faraday, what does Wollaston make of all this?	呀，法拉第，这事儿渥拉斯顿是怎么做的？
[18:58]	He’s written to me and assures me that he’s taken no offense,	他写信给我，告诉我他无意冒犯，
[19:01]	and he acknowledges that what I published was entirely my own work.	他还告知我我所出版的完全是我自己的工作。
[19:05]	Quite, quite. Davy is just being an ass.	嘘，小声点。戴维在办公室呢。
[19:08]	But will Davy now retract his allegation?	可是现在戴维会收回他的指控吗？
[19:11]	Sadly, no.	不幸的是，他不会。
[19:12]	In fact, he is still vehemently opposed to you being elected a member of the Society.	实际上，他仍然强烈反对选你为学会成员。
[19:16]	Really? And what do you think?	真的啊？你怎么看？
[19:18]	Faraday, my dear boy, you have my vote.	法拉第，小伙子啊，我会选你的。
[19:21]	And mine. And I believe you even have Wollaston’s.	我也会。我相信渥拉斯顿也会选你。
[19:25]	Oh, what a mess.	哦，什么乱七八糟的。
[19:27]	Well, no matter, no matter. It’s the science that counts.	唉，没事儿，没事儿。重要的是科学。
[19:30]	So, tell me, how does this wire of yours spin round its magnet?	那么，告诉我，你的电线是如何绕着磁铁旋转的？
[19:34]	What mysterious forces are at play?	是什么样神奇的力量在起作用？
[19:37]	There seems to be an electro-magnetic interaction.	看上去是一种电磁相互作用。
[19:43]	In my mind, I see a swirling array of lines of force spinning out of	在我脑海里，我看到一组力线从带电导线中旋转出来
[19:48]	the electrified wire, like a spiraling web.	像一张螺旋状的网。
[19:52]	But invisible lines of force? It’s all a bit vague,isn’t it?	仅仅是看不见的力线？这也太含糊了吧？
[19:56]	Faraday, might I have a word in private?	法拉第，我可以私下和你说几句吗？
[20:00]	Certainly.	当然。
[20:14]	Listen, Faraday, let’s stop this nonsense.	听着，法拉第，别再胡闹了。
[20:16]	I want you to take down your ballot paper from the notice board.	我想你要把公告栏上的选票拿下来。
[20:19]	Sir Humphry, I see no reason to take it down. My friends have proposed me.	汉弗莱爵士，我没理由这么做。我朋友们承诺选我。
[20:25]	It is they who put the paper up. I will not take it down. Good day.	他们把选票放上去的，我不会拿下来。祝好。
[20:36]	Faraday was elected to the Royal Society.	法拉第被选入了皇家学会。
[20:39]	Davy died five years later, a victim of his many gaseous inhalations.	五年之后戴维，这个笑气吸入的受害者之一，去世了。
[20:46]	In time, Faraday’s world of invisible forces would lead to	很快，法拉第的看不见的力的世界将引导
[20:49]	a whole new understanding of energy.	对能量的新的理解。
[20:52]	He’d started what Einstein would call “The Great Revolution.”	他启动了被爱因斯坦成为“大革命”的时代。
[21:04]	It was in the very heart of this exciting new world of energy that Einstein grew up.	爱因斯坦成长于这个令人兴奋的新能量世界的中心。
[21:22]	My father and uncle wanted to make their fortune	我爸和叔叔想通过在德国的街上
[21:25]	by bringing electric light to the streets of Germany.	安装电灯大赚一笔。
[21:30]	From an early age I loved to look at machines, understand how things work.	很小的时候我就喜欢观察机器，理解他们怎么运行的。
[21:41]	He’s going to kill himself. Albert, stay there.	他这是要自杀。阿尔伯特，呆在这里。
[21:56]	I experienced a miracle when my father showed me a compass. I trembled and grew cold.	我爸爸给我一个指南针的时候我看到了奇迹。我浑身颤抖，发冷。
[22:06]	There had to be something behind objects that lay deeply hidden.	物体背后肯定深藏着什么东西。
[22:17]	At high school, they had their ideas about what I should learn, I had my own.	高中的时候，他们对我该学什么有他们的想法我有我自己的想法。
[22:23]	I was merely interested in physics, maths, philosophy and playing the violin.	我只对物理，数学，哲学和拉小提琴感兴趣。
[22:28]	Everything else was a bore.	其他的一切都令人讨厌。
[22:31]	Einstein, on your feet. As you obviously know everything about geology,	爱因斯坦，站起来。既然你对地质学无所不知，
[22:41]	tell me how do the rock strata run here?	那你告诉我这里的岩层是怎么来的？
[22:47]	It’s pretty much the same to me whichever way they run, Herr Professor.	教授先生，无论岩层是怎么形成的，对我来说都一样。
[22:58]	Einstein’s teachers tried to drum into him,	爱因斯坦的老师试图提示他，
[23:01]	as Faraday had shown, that energy could be converted from one form into another.	如法拉第所示，能量会从一种事物转换形成另一种事物。
[23:07]	They also believed that all forms of energy had already	他们还相信所有形式的能量都已经被发现了。
[23:10]	been discovered. Einstein was going to prove them wrong.	爱因斯坦想要证明他们是错误的。
[23:15]	He would discover a new, vast reservoir of energy, hidden	他想发现一种新的，储量巨大的能量，
[23:18]	where no other scientist had ever thought of looking, deep in the heart of matter.	它深藏在任何科学家从未想窥探的物质的中心。
[23:37]	A hundred years before Einstein’s birth, King Louis 15th was on the throne of France,	爱因斯坦出生前一百年，法王路易十五在位，
[23:44]	but the ancient, absolute power of the monarchy over the people	但这个古老的，对人民绝对的君主集权制度
[23:47]	was starting to be challenged.	开始动摇了。
[23:50]	Jacques, leave the windows, forget the rain, we need air.	Jacques，让窗户开着吧，别管外面的雨了，我们需要点新鲜空气
[23:56]	The French Revolution was just around the corner.	法国大革命就要开始了。
[24:04]	This was the era of the Enlightenment,	这是启蒙运动的时代，
[24:06]	when intellectuals believed very firmly that the way forward lay in science.	此时知识分子坚定的认为前进的道路由科学奠定。
[24:11]	And they felt that one of the first tasks that lay ahead of them was	他们觉得摆在他们面前的任务是
[24:15]	to rationalize and to classify every single kind of matter	把每一种物质合理的分类
[24:18]	so they could see how it all interacted together.	这样他们就能看到这些物质是如何相互作用的。
[24:22]	Antoine Lavoisier, a wealthy, aristocratic young man decided to take up this task	安托万拉瓦锡，这个富有的贵族青年决定挑起重任，
[24:28]	to see if there was some basic connection between all the stuff of everyday life,	看看日常生活中的东西，
[24:33]	all the different substances in the world.	世界上所有的物质是不是有种基本的联系。
[24:41]	But what worked for Lavoisier as a scientist—his meticulous,	但是作为一个科学家，拉瓦锡所具备的一丝不苟，
[24:45]	even obsessive attention to detail—was also to be his downfall.	甚至是对细节的迷恋，却也成为他败落的原因。
[24:53]	Monsieur Lavoisier, you are, if my eyes do not deceive me,	拉瓦锡先生，我没看错的话，
[24:57]	consuming only milk this evening. First you had a glass of milk,	你今晚只喝了牛奶。你先是喝了一杯牛奶，
[25:01]	now you are “eating” a bowl of milk.	现在你又在吃一碗牛奶。
[25:04]	Will you next move on to a plate of milk?	接下来你打算来一盘牛奶吗？
[25:08]	Your precise observations commend you as a lady of scientific curiosity,	作为一个有科学好奇心的女士，你精准的观察力是对你的赞美。
[25:12]	Mademoiselle, most unusual. As you seek knowledge, so I shall dispense it.	小姐，你非同寻常啊。一旦你追求知识，我就可以省省了。
[25:18]	For the last five weeks I have taken nothing but milk.	过去的五周我只摄入牛奶。
[25:24]	Good god, man, I would rather die than fast on milk for five weeks.	哦，天呐，先生，要喝五周牛奶的话我宁可快点死。
[25:29]	Are you in the grip of some horrendous ailment?	你是得了什么可怕的疾病吗？
[25:32]	On the contrary. I am investigating the effects of diet on health.	恰好相反，我在研究饮食对健康的影响。
[25:39]	Monsieur, with the greatest of respect to a member of the Royal Academy of Sciences,	先生，出于对皇家科学院成员最大的尊敬，
[25:43]	your gut must think your throat has been slit.	你的肠子肯定认为你的喉咙被切开了。
[25:55]	Whereas your gut, Count, is, no doubt, petitioning	不过，伯爵，你的肠子无疑
[25:57]	the Academy for a widening of your throat.	正请求科学院给你把喉咙弄大点。
[26:00]	Marie Anne, how dare you insult the Count? Don’t forget what the Count offers.	玛丽安妮，你怎敢侮辱伯爵？不要忘了伯爵所给予你的。
[26:10]	Not just marriage, but think of how you will be introduced to all the Salons.	不只是婚姻，而是你要想想他怎么把你介绍到那些沙龙上去。
[26:19]	You will be the toast of Paris.	你会成为巴黎交口称赞和祝贺的人。
[26:24]	Would it not be a shame, Madame, to burden you with the duties of matrimony	夫人，在你有机会体验对自然的求知欲之前
[26:28]	before you have hada chance to experience your curiosity for nature?	就担负起婚姻的责任，这岂不是一种耻辱？
[26:36]	Shall we all go through? It’s getting rather hot in here.	我们都过去吧？这儿更热了。
[26:50]	Do you really plan to marry de Amerval? There is a plan, but it is not mine.	你真的要嫁给Amerval？是有这个打算，但不是我的打算。
[26:53]	Then I must contrive to save you.	那我必须计划拯救你了。
[27:01]	Lavoisier wasn’t a scientist by profession.	拉瓦锡不是个职业科学家。
[27:04]	He was the head of tax enforcement in Paris.	他在巴黎是税收执法部门的头儿。
[27:08]	His great idea was to build a huge wall around the city	他的伟大想法是围着巴黎建一座大墙，
[27:12]	and to tax everything that came and went.	对进出的所有东西都收税。
[27:15]	But his taxes on the simple things in life—bread, wine and cheese—	但他对生活中的面包，葡萄酒和奶酪这些东西的税收，
[27:20]	did not endear him to the average Parisian.	使他不受普通巴黎人民所爱戴。
[27:24]	This scrupulous, fastidious young man did still allow himself	这个一丝不苟的，挑剔的年轻人倒也允许自己
[27:29]	the occasional act of passion.	偶尔的激情。
[27:34]	In 1771, Lavoisier married Marie Anne Paulze,	1771年，拉瓦锡娶了玛丽安妮波拉，
[27:39]	the daughter of his colleague in the tax office.	他的税务办公室同事的女儿。
[27:44]	Thus he saved her, as he had promised,	这样如他承诺的那样，他拯救了她，
[27:47]	from an arranged marriage to a Count 40 years her elder.	使她免于一场嫁给大她40岁的伯爵的包办婚姻。
[27:57]	Allow me to show you something.	我给你看点东西。
[28:04]	Lavoisier, I think, found his job as a tax collector really rather tedious,	我觉得，拉瓦锡发现当收税员非常没意思，
[28:08]	and the times he looked forward to were the evenings and the weekends	他所期待的时间都是晚上和周末，
[28:12]	when he could indulge his passion for chemical experimentation.	那时他可以在化学实验中释放自己的激情。
[28:16]	And he called those times his”jours de bonheur,” his “days of happiness.”	他把这些时间称为快乐的日子。
[28:22]	Madame. What will happen if I take a bar of copper or iron	夫人，如果我把一个铜棒或铁棒
[28:34]	and leave it outside in the rain for months on end, Madame Lavoisier?	放在外面淋上几个月的雨，会发生什么呢，拉瓦锡夫人？
[28:40]	Mmmm, Monsieur Lavoisier? The metals what will become of them?	嗯，拉瓦锡先生？金属会变成什么样呢？
[28:47]	Is this a verbal examination prior to an examination proper, sir?	这算是考试前的口头测验吗？
[28:54]	I merely seek the truth.	我只是寻求真相。
[28:57]	Then you toy with me, Monsieur, for you know the truth.	那你就是耍我玩呢，先生，因为你知道事实。
[29:00]	The copper will become covered in a green verdigris and the iron will rust.	铜会布满铜绿而铁会生锈。
[29:06]	I believe the term is “calcined.”	我想这个术语叫“煅烧”。
[29:10]	Most impressive, my charming wife.	老婆，你太有才了。
[29:14]	But let me press you further. Mmmm.	不过我再进一步考考你。嗯。
[29:17]	When the metal rusts, does it get heavier or lighter?	金属生锈以后，会变重呢还是变轻呢？
[29:21]	Why, sir, I think you mean to trap me.	干嘛呀，先生，我觉得你是故意给我下套啊。
[29:26]	Then perhaps this little butterfly should land and allow me take a closer look.	那这个小蝴蝶或许应该落下来让我靠近了看一看。
[29:32]	Every last citizen in France of sensible age knows that	法国每一个懂事了的人都知道
[29:37]	when a metal rusts it wastes away, it gets lighter and eventually disappears.	金属生锈了就会变干枯，会变轻甚至消失不见了。
[29:40]	Ah, but… Huh? Stop. I have not finished.	啊，可是。。。啊？打住。我还没说完呢。
[29:44]	Contain yourself, sir. There is more.	自制一点，先生。还有呢。
[29:49]	In a recently published pamphlet by a brilliant young chemist,	在最近出版的一个小册子上，杰出的青年化学家
[29:53]	Antoine Lavoisier demonstrates that the iron combines with the air.	安托万拉瓦锡表明，铁会与空气结合。
[29:58]	It, in fact, becomes heavier.	实际上，铁生锈会变重。
[30:01]	Most impressive. I intend…	太感人了。我打算。。。
[30:03]	Now whatever you intend, Monsieur, I intend to be by your side.	不管你打算干什么，先生，我都打算在你身边。
[30:08]	I will learn all I can about your science and become your worthy colleague.	我会把和你的科学研究有关的东西都学习了成为对你有用的同事。
[30:13]	Then let me show you how the iron combines with the air to form such a delicate union.	那么我给你看看铁是如何与空气结合形成这样一个微妙的联合体的。
[30:19]	Tomorrow, Monsieur, tomorrow.	明天吧，先生，明天再说吧。
[30:38]	Marie Anne learned chemistry at her husband’s side,	玛丽安妮在他丈夫身边学习化学，
[30:41]	but soon sought other ways to contribute to his work.	但很快她找到了其他的方式去支持丈夫的工作。
[30:46]	She learned English so that she could translate contemporary scientific works.	她学习了英语，这样她就可以翻译当代科学著作了。
[30:51]	She took drawing lessons so that she could record in forensic detail	她学习绘图课，这样她就可以详细的记录
[30:55]	the minutiae of their work together.	他们一起工作的点点滴滴。
[30:59]	She ran their laboratory and was the public face of “Lavoisier, Inc.”	她管理他们的实验室，还是“拉瓦锡公司”的活动家
[31:04]	She was central to the whole research effort.	她是整个研究工作的核心人物。
[31:09]	Monsieur, that is a terrible thing to say. You are a cheeky man.	先生，这事儿说起来太恶心了。你脸皮真厚啊。
[31:15]	This way please, gentlemen. Messieurs, it is my great ambition to demonstrate that	先生们，这边请。先生们，我心怀壮志，
[31:34]	nature is a closed system, that in any transformation,	要证明自然是一个封闭系统，在任何的转化过程中，
[31:40]	no amount of matter, no mass, is ever lost, and none is gained.	没有物质的量，质量，丢失，也没有增加。
[31:49]	Over here, please.	这边请。
[31:55]	This precise amount of water is heated to steam.	这些精确称量的水加热成了蒸汽。
[32:02]	This steam is brought into contact with a red hot iron barrel embedded in the coals.	蒸汽进入了埋在煤里的烧红的铁桶中
[32:10]	From this end, we cool the steam, but, interestingly,	在这一头，我们冷却了蒸汽，但有趣的是，
[32:14]	we collect less water than we started with.	我们收集到的水比之前少了。
[32:21]	So clearly we lose a certain amount of water.	所以我们显然丢失了一部分水。
[32:26]	However, we also collect a gas, and the weight of the iron barrel increases.	但是，我们也收集到了一种气体，并且铁桶的质量增加了。
[32:39]	Now, when we combine these two increases,	现在我们把增加的这两样加在一起，
[32:41]	the new weight of the iron barrel and the gas we have collected,	铁桶和收集到的气体的新的质量，
[32:44]	they are exactly equal to the weight of the lost water.	恰好等于丢失的水的质量。
[32:51]	Aha! But is it atmospheric air, Monsieur Lavoisier?	啊哈！拉瓦锡先生，这是空气吗？
[32:55]	No, no because I am measuring it, to the very last grain,	不，我称量了它，精确到每一喱，
[32:59]	I can see that it is lighter than the air around us, and moreover, it is flammable.	我注意到它比周围的空气轻，并且它可以燃烧，
[33:11]	Voila.	瞧！
[33:15]	Water is made out of hydrogen and oxygen. So what he had done is	水是由氢和氧组成的。所以他所做的是
[33:18]	get the oxygen to stick to the inside of a red hot iron rifle barrel.	把氧通入炽热的铁管中。
[33:22]	He was basically just making rust, which is oxygen iron,	他基本上是在制造铁锈，也就是氧化铁。
[33:25]	but he was making the rust really quickly. Now that left the hydrogen—	但他使生锈过程变快了。现在只剩下氢，
[33:28]	what he called combustible “air”—and that was just floating around as a gas.	他称之为可燃空气，作为气体漂浮在周围。
[33:33]	No mass had been lost, it had merely been transformed,	没有质量丢失，它只是被转化了，
[33:36]	and now he wanted to transform it all back into water.	现在他想把这些质量再转化到水中去。
[33:45]	This is only the beginning. In the next few months,	这仅仅是开始。在这接下来的几个月里，
[33:48]	I hope to demonstrate that I can recombine this combustible air with vital air	我希望能证明我可以将这种可燃气体与氧气再接合起来
[33:54]	and transform them both back into water.	把它们转化成水。
[33:57]	I will recreate exactly the same amount of water that was lost here in this process.	我打算把这个过程中丢失的质量精确地再造成相同质量的水。
[34:05]	It is my hope to complete the cycle, water into gas into water, and not a drop lost.	我希望完成这种循环，从水到气再到水，而一点也不会流失。
[34:20]	For a long time, Lavoisier had suspected that the exact amount of matter, the mass,	在相当长的时间里，拉瓦锡怀疑在任何转化中涉及到的物质确切的量，即质量
[34:24]	involved in any transformation was always conserved.	会一直保存下来。
[34:28]	But to prove this he had to perform thousands of experiments,	但为了证明这个观点他要做成千上万次试验
[34:32]	and he had to do the measurements with incredible accuracy.	并且他得以令人难以置信的精度进行测量。
[34:36]	That’s where his great wealth from being a tax collector came in.	他当税收员所获得的巨大财富正来源于此。
[34:41]	He could afford to commission the most sensitive instruments ever built.	他有钱委托制作有史以来制造出的最精密的仪器。
[34:47]	He became obsessed with accuracy.	他沉迷于精度。
[34:55]	But Lavoisier’s exacting methods were also starting to anger	但拉瓦锡这种苛刻的方法也开始激起了
[34:59]	the growing mob of hungry, disenchanted Parisians.	越来越多的饥寒交迫，心灰意冷的巴黎暴民的怒气。
[35:06]	Antoine, Antoine. Oh, wake up, Antoine.	安托万，安托万，醒醒，安托万。
[35:14]	I’m sorry. What time is it?	抱歉，几点了？
[35:18]	It is almost time to receive Monsieur Marat.	快到见马拉先生（之后的法国革命领袖）的时候了。
[35:21]	The Academy asked you to assess his designs. He claims to have made a great discovery.	学院让你去评估他的设计。他声称有个伟大发现。
[35:29]	Oh Antoine, have you forgotten?	啊，安托万，你忘了吗？
[35:32]	What? My god, another charlatan with an idea to peddle! God give me patience.	啥？我的个天啊，又是一个来兜售想法的骗子！
[35:48]	Well, Monsieur Marat.	上帝给我耐心。啊，马拉先生。
[35:49]	Monsieur, I have invented a device	先生，我发明了一种设备
[35:52]	which projects an image of the substance of fire onto a screen.	可以将火的实体投影在屏幕上。
[35:59]	You see, when a lantern is shone through a flame	你看，当灯笼透过火焰照耀时
[36:04]	we see a shimmering pattern above the flame.	我们可以在火焰上方看到闪闪发光的图案。
[36:07]	My device renders the substance of fire visible.	我的设备可以让火的实体可见了。（马拉支持燃素学说）
[36:14]	Have you collected it, this substance of fire? Have you trapped it and measured it?	你收集到火的实体了吗？你捕捉并测量了它吗？
[36:19]	Well, no, but, but one can see it.	啊，没有，但是我们可以看见它。
[36:24]	I’m sorry, in the absence of exact measurements, of precise observations,	抱歉，在缺乏精密的测量精确地观察，
[36:29]	without rigorous reasoning, one can only be engaging in conjecture.	和严谨的推理的情况下，一个人只能搞猜想。
[36:33]	So this is not science.	这不是科学。
[36:36]	I am not given to conjecture, Monsieur.	先生，我不是热衷于猜想。
[36:38]	No.If you will excuse me, I am extremely busy today. Thank you. Thank you.	罢了，请原谅，今天我非常忙。谢谢，谢谢你。
[36:48]	So that is all? Then, good day, Monsieur.	就这样啦？好吧，日安，先生。
[37:12]	Let me guess, Marat. The King’s scientific despot has decreed that your invention	我来猜猜，马拉。国王的科学专制判决你的发明
[37:19]	does not conform to the version of the truth as laid down by the Academy.	不符合科学院定义的真理。
[37:25]	Lavoisier, he talks about facts; he worships the truth.	拉瓦锡，他谈论事实，他崇尚真理。
[37:33]	Listen to me, my friend. They are all the same, the Royal Academies.	听我说，哥们儿。皇家科学院的人，他们都一个样。
[37:37]	They insult the liberty of the mind.	他们玷污了自由思想。
[37:41]	They think they are the sole arbiters of genius.	他们认为他们是天才的唯一决定者。
[37:46]	They are rotten to the core, just like every other tentacle of the King.	他们和国王的那些爪牙一样，都烂到骨子里了。
[37:54]	The people, it is they who will determine who right and wrong.	人民，将由他们决定孰对孰错。
[38:00]	Don’t worry. In my next pamphlet, I will expose this persecutor of yours.	不要担心。在下一个小册子中，我会揭露对你的这种迫害。
[38:18]	For years the Lavoisier’s burned, chopped, melted and	几年来，拉瓦锡在燃烧，切割，融化
[38:21]	boiled every conceivable substance.	煮沸各种能想到的物质。
[38:24]	They’d shown that as long as one is scrupulous about collecting all the vapors,	它们表明只要一个人一丝不苟的收集在转化过程中产生的所有的蒸汽，
[38:28]	liquids and powders created in a transformation then mass is not decreased.	液体和粉末那质量就不会减少。
[38:35]	Liquids might become gases, metals may rust, wood may become ash and smoke,	液体可能变成气体，金属可能生锈，木头可能会变成灰烬和烟，
[38:40]	but matter, the tiny atoms that make up all substances, none of it is ever lost.	但物质，构成物体的小原子都不会消失。
[38:49]	The crowning glory of this opus was their remarkable use of static electricity	这项杰作至高无上的荣耀在于他们令人震惊的用静电
[38:53]	to cause oxygen and hydrogen to recombine back into water.	将氢和氧重新化合生成水。
[39:08]	What is happening?	发生什么事了？
[39:22]	As the French Revolution exploded, the royal family and whole swathes	法国大革命开始以后，皇室和大部分的贵族
[39:27]	of aristocrats lost their heads on the guillotine.	都在断头台丢了脑袋。
[39:36]	To the French revolutionaries of 1790s Lavoisier meant one thing and one thing only:	对于18世纪90年代的法国大革命来说有且仅有一件事对拉瓦锡至关重要：
[39:41]	he was the despised tax collector who’d built the wall around Paris.	他是个围绕巴黎建起城墙的令人讨厌的收税员。
[39:47]	Lavoisier’s job as a tax collector brought him under suspicion.	拉瓦锡作为收税员的工作令他受到怀疑。
[39:52]	He was denounced by a failed scientist turned radical journalist, Jean-Paul Marat.	他被一个失败的科学家–变成激进的记者的让保罗马拉揭发。
[41:24]	What Lavoisier did was absolutely central to science and especially to E=mc2,	拉瓦锡所做的对于科学尤其是对于E=mc2来说，绝对是核心工作，
[41:28]	because what he said is if you take a bunch of matter, you can break it apart,	因为他说如果你拿一堆物质，你可以打碎它，重组它
[41:32]	you can recombine it, you can do anything to it,	你可以做任何事，
[41:34]	and the stuff of the matter won’t go away.	而这个物质的要素不会消失。
[41:38]	If the mob burned Paris to the ground, utterly raised it,	如果暴民把巴黎烧成平地，翻个底朝天，
[41:40]	shattered the bricks into rubble and dust,	把砖石粉碎成瓦砾和灰尘，
[41:43]	and burned the buildings into ashes and smoke,	把建筑烧成灰烬，
[41:46]	it turns out if you put a huge dome over Paris	事实证明，如果你在巴黎上空罩一个穹顶，
[41:48]	and weighed all the smoke and all the ashes and all the rubble,	把所有的烟尘，灰烬和瓦砾称量一下，
[41:52]	it would add up to the exact same weight of the original city and	质量会和原来的城市以及
[41:55]	the air around it before. Nothing disappears.	周围的空气一样，什么都没消失。
[42:18]	A century later, all of nature had been classified into two great domains.	一个世纪以后，自然的一切都被分成两个大领域。
[42:24]	There was energy—he forces that animated objects—	那就是能量–它推动活生生的物体–
[42:28]	and there was mass—the physical stuff that made up those objects.	和质量–构成这些物体的物理要素。
[42:34]	The whole of 19th century science rested on these two mighty pillars.	整个19世纪科学以这两个强大的支柱为依据。
[42:39]	The laws that governed one did not apply to the other.	指导一个的定律不适用于另一个。
[42:44]	But young, newly enrolled physics student Albert Einstein didn’t like laws.	但是年轻的刚学习物理的学生阿尔伯特爱因斯坦不喜欢定律。
[42:51]	Good grief, Einstein, what happened to you?	天啊，爱因斯坦，你怎么了？
[42:53]	It is more than a little ironic, having been reprimanded yesterday	由于缺勤昨天被那个白痴教授Pernet训斥了，
[42:57]	by that idiot Professor Pernet for poor attendance,	更讽刺的是，实际上
[43:00]	that I should, in fact, attend a practical lesson	我应该上一门实际的课程，
[43:02]	which was as long as it was boring, and utterly pointless by the way,	这更无聊，也毫无意义，
[43:05]	only to be the victim of an explosion of my own apparatus.	只是成了我试验设备爆炸的受害者。
[43:09]	And so it was your own fault then?	那么这是自己的错咯？
[43:10]	Thank you.	谢谢。
[43:12]	And how are you today, Fraulein Maric?	马里奇小姐，你今天怎么样？
[43:16]	Extremely well, Herr Einstein.	相当好，爱因斯坦先生。
[43:18]	All the better for seeing you have escaped the physics laboratory with your life.	看到你活着逃出了物理实验室就更好了。
[43:22]	Well, in ordernot to alarm you any further,	哦，为了不进一步惊扰你，
[43:24]	I pledge to forever continue my studies here at the Cafe Bahnhof,	我保证永远在这个Bahnhof咖啡馆里继续我的学业
[43:28]	reading only the great masters of theoretical physics	只读那些理论物理大师们的著作
[43:31]	and eschewing the babbling nonsense of the polytechnicians.	避开那些理工学院学者咿呀学语的废话。
[43:34]	Hah. That’s about all you ever do.	哈，这就是所有你曾做过的。
[43:38]	It’s getting a little stuffy in here, Fraulein Maric.	这儿有点闷，马里奇小姐。
[43:41]	Would you care to take a walk with me? There’s something I’d like to discuss with you.	你愿意和我去散散步吗？我想和你讨论点事儿。
[43:46]	Why, Herr Einstein, of course.	好啊，爱因斯坦先生，当然可以。
[43:54]	Perhaps, you’d like me to tell you what you have missed in lectures this week?	你大概想让我告诉你这周的讲座你错过了什么吧？
[44:05]	Einstein wasn’t exactly a model student.	爱因斯坦不完全是个模范学生。
[44:08]	He excelled in certain subjects, especially physics and math,	他在物理和数学方面尤其擅长，
[44:10]	but he wasn’t very diligent in a lot of his other classes.	但其他的课却不怎么用功。
[44:15]	He was undoubtedly very questioning,	无疑他善于质疑别人，
[44:16]	which seems to have annoyed most of his professors throughout his life.	这似乎惹恼了他一生中的大部分教授。
[44:20]	He would pursue his fascinations with just incredible determination.	他以惊人的决心追求令他着迷的东西。
[44:26]	We know from his letters that Einstein,	我们从爱因斯坦的书信中得知，
[44:28]	even from the age of 16 was literally obsessed with the nature of light.	他从16岁起就完全沉迷于光的本质了。
[44:39]	Everyone he could speak to, his friends, his colleagues, even his then girlfriend,	每一个他能说的上话的人，他的朋友，同时，甚至他当时的女友，
[44:46]	Mileva Maric—who would become his wife—	米列娃·马里奇–后来成了他的妻子–
[44:47]	everyone he badgered with the question, “What is light?”	他和每个人都纠缠一个问题什么是光？
[44:58]	What would I see if I rode on a beam of light?	如果我骑着一束光，我能看到什么呢？
[45:02]	What? A beam of light? By what method do you propose to ride on this beam of light?	啥？一束光？你要用什么方法骑在这束光上？
[45:10]	The method is not important. Let us just imagine we two are young, radical,	方法并不重要。想象一下，我们俩是年轻激进的，
[45:16]	bohemian experimenters, hand in hand, on a journey to the outer reaches of the universe,	放荡不羁的实验者，手牵着手，在通往宇宙外延的旅途中，
[45:25]	and we are riding on the front of a wave of light.	我们骑在一束光波的前面。
[45:30]	I really don’t know what you are suggesting, Herr Einstein.	爱因斯坦先生，我真不知道你在暗示什么。
[45:33]	Do you wish to hold my hand or ridicule me?	你想抓着我的手，还是要嘲笑我？
[45:35]	Ridicule you? No, never. I merely want you to help me to understand.	嘲笑你？没有，从来没有。我只是想让你帮我理解一下。
[45:45]	What would we see, do you think, if we were together,	如果我们一起加速，
[45:48]	and we sped up and up until we caught up to the front of a beam of light?	加速直到赶在一束光的前面，你觉得我们会看到什么？
[46:08]	It was Einstein’s relentless pursuit of light,	这是爱因斯坦对光的不懈追求，
[46:11]	which would bring about a revolution in science.	这将带来科学上的一次革命。
[46:16]	With light he would reinvent the universe	他将用光重塑宇宙，
[46:19]	and find a hidden pathway that would unite energy and mass.	并找到一个将能量和质量结合的隐藏的途径。
[46:30]	Light moves incredibly fast, 670 million miles per hour.	光运动的非常快，670万英里每小时。
[46:36]	That’s why scientists use the term C. It stands for Celeritas, Latin for “swiftness.”	这就是科学家用符号C的原因。它代表光速，拉丁语为“迅速”。
[46:57]	Long before the 19th century, scientists had computed the speed of light,	早在19世纪以前，科学家们就计算出了光速，
[47:01]	but no one knew what light actually was.	但没人知道光到底是什么。
[47:06]	Back in England, a man we’ve already met was willing to make an educated guess.	回到英国，我们已经见过的一个人乐于做一个有根据的猜想。
[47:14]	After Sir Humphry Davy’s death, Michael Faraday became Professor Faraday,	汉弗莱戴维爵士死后，迈克法拉第成为了法拉第教授，
[47:19]	one of the most important experimenters in the world.	世界上最重要的实验者之一。
[47:24]	The scientific establishment still found it hard to accept that	科学界仍然难以接受
[47:28]	electricity and magnetism were just two aspects of the same phenomenon,	电和磁只是同一现象的两个方面，
[47:33]	which Faraday called “electromagnetism.”	法拉第称之为“电磁”。
[47:37]	But now he has an even more outrageous proposal for his audience. …	但现在他对观众有个更离谱的提议。。。。
[47:46]	invisible lines that can emanate from electricity in a wire,	不可见的线可以从通电导线，
[47:54]	from a magnet, or even from the sun. For it is my contention that	磁铁，甚至从太阳中放射出来。因此我的观点是
[48:04]	light itself is just one form of these vibrating lines of electromagnetism.	光本身只是这些电磁振动线的一种形式。
[48:17]	For 15 years, Faraday struggled to convince the skeptics that	十五年的时间里，法拉第努力说服那些持怀疑态度的人，
[48:20]	Light was an electromagnetic wave,	即光是一种电磁波，
[48:23]	but he lacked the advanced mathematics to back up his idea.	但他却少高深的数学计算来支持他的观点。
[48:28]	Eventually, someone came to his rescue.	终于，有人来拯救他了。
[48:34]	Professor James Clark Maxwell believed in Faraday’s farsighted vision,	詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克斯韦教授相信法拉第的远见
[48:40]	and he had the mathematical skill to prove it.	他有数学能力来证明这个观点。
[48:51]	Maxwell and the aging Faraday became close friends.	麦克斯韦和年老的法拉第成了好朋友。
[49:02]	James, James, forgive me. A word of advice–don’t get old.	詹姆斯，詹姆斯，原谅我。给你句忠告，不要变老。
[49:12]	Michael, how are you?	迈克，你还吗？
[49:13]	Oh, I’m fine. Memory isn’t too good though.	嗯，还好。记忆力不怎么好了。
[49:17]	Well, I thought you might like to see what I’ve just published.	哦，我想你会乐意看一下我刚发表的东西。
[49:21]	Oh, yes, yes, splendid. So your results show that when electricity flows along a wire	哦，好，好，了不起啊。所以你的结果表明当当电沿着导线流动时，
[49:36]	what it actually does is create a little bit of magnetism.	它实际上产生了一点磁力。
[49:40]	As that magnetic charge moves, it creates a little piece of electricity.	而那磁荷移动时，它产生了一点电力。
[49:46]	Electricity?	电力？
[49:47]	Electricity and magnetism are interwoven, like a never-ending braid,	电和磁相互交织，如同永远没有尾的辫子
[49:53]	so it is always pulsing forward.	所以它始终向前涌动。
[49:58]	That’s wonderful.	太奇妙了。
[50:00]	Michael, Michael. There’s something very crucial in the math.	迈克，迈克，在数学上有些东西很关键。
[50:07]	This electricity producing magnetism and magnetism producing electricity,	这种电生磁和磁生电的过程，
[50:11]	it can only ever happen at a very particular speed.	只能发生在特定的速度上。
[50:16]	The equations are very clear about it.	这些方程对此描述的很清楚。
[50:18]	They come up with just one number, 670 million miles per hour.	它们只得出一个数字，670万英里每小时。
[50:26]	I’m not sure。。	我不知道。
[50:27]	It’s the speed of light. That is the speed of light.	这是光速。这就是光速。
[50:33]	You were right all along, light is an electromagnetic wave.	你一直是正确的，光就是一种电磁波。
[50:42]	Maxwell had proven Faraday right.	麦克斯韦证明了法拉第是对的。
[50:47]	Electricity and magnetism are just two aspects of a deeper unity, a force,	电和磁只是现在称为电磁的两个部分，一种深层次的统一体，一种力，
[50:53]	now called electromagnetism, which travels at 670 million miles per hour.	它以670英里每小时的速度传播。
[51:01]	In its visible form it is nothing other than light itself.	它的可见形式就是光。
[51:09]	And nothing fascinated the young Einstein more than light.	没有什么比光更能让爱因斯坦着迷的了。
[51:34]	We have lectures in half an hour.	我们有半小时的讲座。
[51:36]	Oh, let me think. Professor Weber and his life-draining monologue	哦，我想想，是韦伯教授和他那消耗生命的独白？
[51:40]	or you, Mozart and James Clark Maxwell?	还是你，莫扎特，或者詹姆斯克拉克麦克斯韦？
[51:46]	We can’t. We’ll get a warning.	不行。我们会受到警告的。
[51:49]	Our project is too precious to waste time listening to those dullards.	我们的计划太重要了，不能浪费时间听那些蠢货的讲座。
[51:52]	Come with me. We’ll read Maxwell and think about the electromagnetic theory of light.	跟我来，我们读读麦克斯韦，想想他的光的电磁理论。
[51:59]	Oh, why, my dear little Johnnie, how you enchant a lady.	哦，我的小强尼，你是怎么把女人给迷住的。
[52:28]	She’s very pretty.	她很漂亮。
[52:31]	Yes, but can she soar and dance like our dark souls do?	嗯，但她能一飞冲天，像我们黑暗的灵魂一样跳舞吗？
[52:37]	Maxwell’s equations contained an incredible prediction.	麦克斯韦方程组包含一个令人难以置信的预测。
[52:44]	They said you could never catch up to a beam of light.	它们说你永远无法赶上一束光。
[52:47]	Even if you were traveling at 670 million miles an hour,	即使你以670万英里每小时的速度行进，
[52:51]	you would still see light squiggle away from you at 670 million miles an hour.	你仍会看到光以670英里每小时的速度弯弯曲曲的离你而去。
[52:58]	Do you see how she stares at that wave?	你看到她怎么盯着波浪看吗？
[53:00]	Yes.	嗯。
[53:01]	You see how, for her, it is static? She and the wave are traveling at the same speed.	你怎么看，对她来说，波浪是静止的吗？她和波浪以同样的速度行进。
[53:08]	We see the moving through the water. But relative to her it just sits there.	我们通过水面看到这种运动。但对于她来说，它只是驻留在那里。
[53:16]	So is light like that? Common sense would say that if you caught up to a light beam,	因此光就是那样的吗？常识告诉我们如果你赶上一束光，
[53:21]	there would be a wave of light, just sitting there.	那会有一束光波，停留在那里。
[53:25]	Maybe it would be shimmering, a bit of electricity and a bit of magnetism.	可能那是波光粼粼的，有一点电，一点磁。
[53:29]	So, if she was traveling alongside the light wave it wouldn’t be moving.	所以，如果她沿着光波行进光波就不会动。
[53:33]	It would be static. But Maxwell says you can’t have static light.	它会静止。但麦克斯韦说你不可能得到静止的光。
[53:38]	Maybe Maxwell is wrong.	可能麦克斯韦错了。
[53:39]	Maybe if you catch up to light it is static, Albert, like a wave next to a boat.	艾尔伯特，如果你赶上光，可能它是静止，就像船旁边的波浪一样。
[53:48]	Imagine if I were sitting still and holding a mirror to my face.	想象一下，如果我坐着不动，拿着镜子照我的脸。
[53:52]	And the light travels from my face to the mirror, and I see my face.	光从我的脸传到镜子上，我看到了我的脸。
[53:58]	However, if I and the mirror were traveling at the speed of light?	但是，如果我和镜子都以光速行进，会怎么样呢？
[54:05]	You’re going at the same speed as the light leaving your face?	你会以光速远离你的脸吗？
[54:09]	Exactly. The light never reaches the mirror? So would I be invisible?	确实如此。光永远不会到镜子上？那我就是不可见的了？
[54:20]	That doesn’t make sense.	这没有意义。
[54:24]	Young Einstein was starting to realize that light was unlike any other kind of wave.	年轻的爱因斯坦开始意识到光不像其他任意一种波。
[54:38]	Einsteinwas about to enter a surreal universe	爱因斯坦将进入一个超现实宇宙–
[54:41]	where energy, mass and the speed of light intermingled in a way no one had ever suspected.	能量，质量和光速以无人怀疑的方式混杂在一起。
[54:48]	But there was one last mathematical ingredient that Einstein would need,	但是爱因斯坦需要最后一种数学要素
[54:53]	the everyday process of squaring.	即日常生活中的平方过程。
[55:08]	Long before the French Revolution, scientists were not sure how to quantify motion.	法国大革命之前，科学家不知道如何量化运动。
[55:16]	Equations that explained how objects moved and collided were in their infancy.	解释物体运动和碰撞的方程还处于起步阶段。
[55:27]	A crucial contributionto this subject would come from an unusual source.	对这个问题至关重要的贡献有个不同寻常的来源。
[55:36]	Meet the aristocratic, 16-year old daughter of one of King Louis the XIV courtiers,	来见见16岁的有贵族气派的埃米莉沙特莱，她是国王路易十四的
[55:42]	Emilie Du Chatelet.	一个臣子的女儿。
[55:54]	Quickly, father’s coming.	快，爸爸要来了。
[56:01]	Emilie du Chatelet would have a huge effect on physics in her tragically short lifetime.	埃米莉沙特莱在她悲剧的短暂一生中，对物理有着巨大的影响。
[56:07]	Unheard of, for a woman of her time, she would publish many scientific works,	从来没听说过，作为那个时代的女人，她发表了许多科学著作，
[56:12]	including a translation of Sir Isaac Newton’s Principia,	包括对艾萨克牛顿爵士的原理(即《自然哲学的数学原理》)
[56:15]	the greatest treatise on motion ever written.	–运动学最伟大的论文–的翻译。
[56:19]	Du Chatelet’s translation is still the standard text in France today.	沙特莱的翻译至今仍是法国的标准教材。
[56:31]	Musa, mihi causas memora? Muse, my memory causes…?	（拉丁语）缪斯啊，告诉原因吧？缪斯，我记得原因。。。？
[56:32]	“O Muse. The causes and the crimes relate;	缪斯啊，告诉我原因，
[56:35]	what goddess was provok’d, and whence her hate;	是什么伤了她的神灵，她的怨恨从何而来；
[56:38]	For what offence the Queen of Heav’n began to persecute so brave, so just a man.”	是什么样的冒犯使天后迫害这个勇敢，正直的人？”-(出自埃涅阿斯纪)
[56:44]	Do not be cross with your sister because she persecutes many a just man.	不要生你姐姐的气，她迫害了不少正直的人呢。
[56:48]	Only the other night Emilie silenced the Duc du Luynes	只有某天晚上，艾米莉数秒之内在脑中
[56:51]	when she divided a ridiculously long number in her head in a matter of seconds.	分解了一个长的离谱的数字的时候，Luynes公爵才沉默不语了。
[56:55]	You should have seen the incredulity on their faces	当他们意识到艾米莉是对的的时候
[56:57]	when they realized Emilie was correct.	你该看看他们那满脸的狐疑。
[57:00]	Was it my sister’s astounding intelligence or her boundless beauty	我很好奇，是我妹妹惊人的智商，还是她无边的美貌
[57:04]	that made their mouths gape, I wonder?	让那些人目瞪口呆？
[57:07]	Ah well, yes, you have a point, Monsieur.	啊，好吧，你说到点儿上了，先生。
[57:09]	Messieurs, I thank you for your kindness.	先生们，谢谢你们的好意。
[57:12]	I fear, however, that my wit is only a curiosity to others.	可是，恐怕他们只是对我的机智好奇而已。
[57:15]	If only my mind was permitted opportunity.	要是我的想法有机会施展就好了。
[57:18]	My dearest, Emilie. You are blessed with intellect and courage.	艾米莉，亲爱的。上帝赐予你了智慧和勇气。
[57:23]	Use them both and the world will fall at your feet.	用上它们世界就会臣服在你脚下。
[57:32]	In one sense, she is a woman utterly out of her true time and place.	在某种意义上，她是完全脱离了她真实的时空的人。
[57:36]	She is a philosopher, a scientist, a mathematician, a linguist.	她是一个哲学家，科学家，数学家，语言学家。
[57:41]	She demands a freedom that women didn’t begin to enjoy until over 150 years later,	她需要那种150年后女人才享有的自由
[57:46]	a freedom to study science, to write about it and to be published.	那种学习科学，写作和发表的自由。
[57:54]	Du Chatelet married a general in the French army at age nineteen and had three children.	沙特莱19岁时嫁给了法国军队中的一个将军并育有三个孩子。
[58:00]	She ran a busy household, all the while pursuing her passion for science.	她家务缠身，也一直保持追求科学的热情。
[58:05]	She was 23 when she discovered advanced mathematics.	23岁时她知道了高等数学。
[58:09]	She enthusiastically took lessons from one of the greatest mathematicians	她热情的从当时的大数学家皮埃尔·莫佩尔蒂
[58:13]	of the day, Pierre de Maupertuis.	那里学习课程。
[58:17]	He was an expert on Newton, and she was his eager young student.	皮埃尔·莫佩尔蒂是牛顿学派的专家，而她则是他的充满渴望的年轻学生。
[58:21]	It seems they had a brief affair. But then he set off on a Polar Expedition.	他们似乎有过短暂的恋情。但后来他去进行极地科考了。
[58:27]	Du Chatelet then fell passionately in love with Voltaire, France’s greatest poet.	沙特莱后来与法国大诗人伏尔泰热恋了。
[58:33]	A fierce critic of the King and the Catholic Church,	由于激烈的批判国王和天主教，
[58:36]	Voltaire had been in prison twice and exiled to England,	伏尔泰曾两度入狱，又被流放到英国，
[58:40]	where he became enthralled by the ideas of Newton.	他在那里被牛顿的想法迷住了。
[58:44]	Back in France, it wasn’t long before he again insulted the King.	返回巴黎以后，不久他又侮辱国王。
[58:49]	Du Chatelet hid him in her country home. The poor little creature is devoted to him.	沙特莱把他藏在乡下的家里。这个可怜的小家伙（沙特莱）深爱着他。
[58:56]	Isolated far from Paris, Du Chatelet and Voltaire turned her chateau	远离巴黎，沙特莱和伏尔泰把她的庄园
[59:00]	into a palace of learning and culture—complete with its own tiny theatre—	变成了学习和文化修养(庄园有小剧院)的宫殿–
[59:06]	and all with the apparent blessing of her husband.	这一切明显是她丈夫的恩惠（这关系真乱啊）。
[59:10]	There is a great deal of myth surrounding Du Chatelet and her love life.	沙特莱的她的感情生活是一个很大的谜团。
[59:16]	And most of it is very exaggerated.	大部分都非常夸张。
[59:17]	But her husband did accept Voltaire into his household,	但她丈夫确实接受伏尔泰作为他们的家庭一员，
[59:20]	and he often went to Paris on behalf of Voltaire.	还经常代表伏尔泰去巴黎。
[59:23]	He went to his publisher to plead Voltaires’ case, to keep Voltaire out of jail.	他去他的出版商那里为伏尔泰的案子辩解，使伏尔泰免受牢狱之灾。
[59:28]	And it is also true that Emilie Du Chatelet did have several affairs of a fleeting nature.	艾米莉沙特莱也确实有几段短暂的婚外恋。
[59:41]	She created an institution to rival that of France’s Royal Academy of Sciences.	她创办了一个可与法国皇家科学院匹敌的机构。
[59:46]	Many of the great philosophers, poets and scientists of the day visited.	当时很多大哲学家，诗人和科学家都来访问。
[59:54]	Ah, Monsieur you are young.	啊，先生你还年轻。
[59:57]	I hope that soon you will judge me for my own merits or lack of them,	我希望你很快就会由我的优缺点来判断我，
[1:00:02]	but do not look upon me as an appendage to this great general or that renowned scholar.	但请你不要把我看作是这个大将军或者那个著名学者的附属品。
[1:00:08]	I am, in my own right, a whole person, responsible to myself alone	在我的权利范围内，我是一个完整的人，
[1:00:13]	for all that I am, all that I say, all that I do.	我对我自己，对我所有的言行自行负责。
[1:00:21]	Du Chatelet learned from the brilliant men around her,	沙特莱向她周围的聪明人学习，
[1:00:25]	but she quickly developed ideas of her own.	但她很快就有了自己的想法。
[1:00:28]	Much to the horror of her mentors, she even dared to suspect that	令她的导师们惊恐的是，她竟然敢怀疑
[1:00:33]	there was a flaw in the great Sir Isaac Newton’s thinking. Newton stated that	艾萨克牛顿爵士的伟大想法有缺陷。牛顿声称
[1:00:39]	the energy of an object, the force with which it collided with another object	一个物体的能量，它与另一个物体相撞的力，
[1:00:44]	, could very simply be accounted for by its mass times its velocity.	可以简单的通过质量与速度的乘积来计算。
[1:00:50]	In correspondence with scientists in Germany,	在与德国的科学家通信的过程中，
[1:00:53]	Du Chatelet learned of another view, that of Gottfried Leibniz.	沙特莱学到了莱布尼茨的观点。
[1:00:58]	He proposed that moving objects had a kind of inner spirit.	他指出运动的物体有一种内在的力。
[1:01:02]	He called it “vis viva,” Latin for “living force.”	他称之为“活力”，拉丁语“有生命的力”。
[1:01:07]	Many discounted his ideas, but Leibniz was convinced that	很多人不相信他的想法，但莱布尼茨确信
[1:01:11]	the energy of an object was made up of its mass times its velocity, squared.	物体的能量是由质量和速度的乘积再取平方构成的。
[1:01:20]	Taking the square of something is an ancient procedure.	取平方是个古老的操作。
[1:01:22]	If you say a garden is “four square,” you mean that	如果说花园是“四次方的”，意思是
[1:01:25]	it might be built up by four slabs along one edge and four along the other	它这么建造，一条边放四块砖，另一条边放四块砖，
[1:01:29]	so the total number of paving slabs is four times four, is 16.	那么砖的总数就是4乘以4，16块。
[1:01:33]	If the garden is eight square, eight by eight,	如果花园是八次方的，那就8乘以8，
[1:01:35]	well eight squared is it’ll have slabs in it. This huge multiplication,	8的全平方意味着内部也有砖。这种大乘法，
[1:01:40]	this building up by squares is something you’d find in nature all the time.	这种平方的结构在自然界中总能看到。
[1:01:45]	Emilie, Emilie, you are being absurd.	艾米莉，艾米莉，你太荒唐了。
[1:01:48]	Why ascribe to an object a vague and immeasurable force like vis viva?	为什么赋予一个物体一种类似活力的模糊而不可测的力呢？
[1:01:54]	It is a return to the old ways. It is the occult.	这是在走老路。这是神秘学。
[1:02:04]	When movement commences, you say it is true that a force is produced	物体开始运动的时候，你说确实产生了
[1:02:07]	which did not exist until now.	一种至今尚未存在的力。
[1:02:09]	Think of our bodies, to have free will we must be free to initiate motion.	想想我们的身体，为了有自由意志，我们必须能自由地开始运动。
[1:02:13]	So, all Leibniz is asking is, “Where does all this force come from?”	那么，莱布尼茨所有的问题就是，“这种力来自哪里？”
[1:02:16]	In your case, my dear, the force, I’m sure, is primeval.	亲爱的，在你这种情况下，我确信力是原始就有的。
[1:02:20]	Aaah, you’re infuriating.	啊，你真让人生气。
[1:02:21]	You hide behind wit and sarcasm. You only think you understand Newton.	你藏在机智和讽刺后面。你只想着你理解了牛顿。
[1:02:26]	You are incapable of understanding Leibniz. You are a provocateur.	你不能理解莱布尼茨。你就是挑衅。
[1:02:31]	Everything you do is about something else and makes trouble for you.	你做的一切都是别的给你带来麻烦的事儿。
[1:02:34]	Criticize this, denounce that.	批判这个，谴责那个。
[1:02:36]	Are you capable of discovering something of your own?	你能不能有自己的发现啊？
[1:02:43]	I discovered you.	我发现了你。
[1:02:51]	Despite the overwhelming support for Newton, Du Chatelet did not waver in her belief.	尽管牛顿获得了压倒性的支持，沙特莱没有动摇她的信念。
[1:03:06]	Eventually, she came across an experiment performed by a Dutch scientist,	最终，她发现了荷兰科学家的一个实验，
[1:03:11]	Willem’s Gravesande that would prove her point.	Willem’s Gravesande的实验可以证明她的观点。
[1:03:16]	Willem’s Gravesande, in Leiden, has been dropping lead balls into a pan of clay.	荷兰莱登的Willem’s Gravesande 让铅球落到一盒粘土中。
[1:03:20]	Dropping lead balls into clay? How very imaginative.	让铅球落到粘土里？太有想象力了。
[1:03:26]	Using Newton’s formulas, Monsieur Voltaire,	伏尔泰先生，他运用牛顿的公式，
[1:03:28]	he then drops a second ball from a higher height,	接着把另一个球从更高的地方丢下来，
[1:03:32]	calculated to exactly double the speed of the first ball on impact.	计算出第二个球的速度恰好是第一个球的速度的二倍。
[1:03:36]	So, Messieurs, care for a little wager?	那么，先生们，敢不敢打赌？
[1:03:41]	Newton tells us that by doubling the speed of the ball,	牛顿告诉我们球的速度加倍，
[1:03:45]	we will double the distance it travels into the clay.	球到粘土的距离也会加倍。
[1:03:48]	Leibniz asks us to square that speed.	莱布尼茨要求我们把速度进行平方。
[1:03:52]	If he is correct the ball will travel not two, but four times as far.	如果他是对的，球走过的距离不是两倍，而是四倍。
[1:03:57]	So who is correct? Messieurs,	那么谁是正确的？先生们，
[1:04:01]	I feel Mister Newton’s reputation dwindling, ever so slightly.	我感觉到牛顿的声誉在慢慢衰落啊。
[1:04:05]	Oh, Maupertuis, do not succumb to her.	哦，莫佩尔蒂，不要屈服于她。
[1:04:07]	There is no earthly reason to ascribe hidden forces to this Dutchman’s lead balls.	完全没有理由认为这个荷兰人的铅球是隐藏的力作用的。
[1:04:16]	Well, the ball travels four times further. Turns out Leibniz is the one who is right.	好吧，球走过了四倍的距离。证明莱布尼茨是正确的。
[1:04:27]	It’s the best way to express the energy of a moving object.	这是描述运动物体的能量的最好的方式。
[1:04:30]	If you drive a car at twenty miles an hour,	如果你以时速20英里的速度开车，
[1:04:33]	it takes a certain distance to stop if you slam on the breaks.	猛踩刹车的话，要走一段距离车才能停下。
[1:04:35]	If you’re going three times as fast, your going sixty miles an hour,	如果你的速度快3倍，时速60英里，
[1:04:38]	it won’t take you three times as long to stop,	停下来所走的距离就不是三倍了，
[1:04:40]	it’ll take you nine times as long to stop.	会是9倍的距离。
[1:04:44]	Oh. Well, it does seem worth consideration.	哦，好吧，这似乎值得考虑。
[1:04:49]	Perhaps we might look over his calculations?	也许我们该检查一下他的计算？
[1:04:52]	I have already checked his figures. I am sure Leibniz is correct on this point.	我已经检查过他的数据了。我确定莱布尼茨在这点上是对的。
[1:04:58]	I intend to include a section on this matter in my book.	我打算在我的书中写上这一部分。
[1:05:02]	Really? Do be careful, Madame. Do you think the Academy is ready for such an opinion?	真的吗？谨慎点啊，夫人。你觉得科学院会接受这个观点吗？
[1:05:09]	Quite, quite. We really should be careful…	安静，安静。我们真的要谨慎。。。
[1:05:12]	“We?” I see no reason to delay. There is no right time for the truth.	我们？我没有理由推迟。对于真理没有合适的时间。
[1:05:21]	Emilie du Chatelet published her Institutions of Physics in 1740	艾米莉沙特莱在1740年出版了她的《物理学教程》
[1:05:26]	and it provoked great controversy.	这引起了很大争议。
[1:05:33]	Voltaire wrote that “she was a great man whose only fault was being a woman.”	伏尔泰写道“她是个伟大的人，唯一的缺点就是她是个女人”。
[1:05:40]	In her day that was a great compliment.	在那个时代，这是对她极高的称赞。
[1:05:58]	I am with child.	我怀孕了。
[1:06:06]	You are sure?	你确定？
[1:06:08]	Undoubtedly. Two to three months. I’m afraid…	毫无疑问。两三个月了。我想。。。
[1:06:14]	You are afraid? Well you should have…	你觉得？你应该。。。
[1:06:26]	Oh, well, this child is obviously not mine, nor is it your husband’s.	哦，对了，这个孩子明显不是我的，也不是你丈夫的。
[1:06:39]	Oh, Emilie, Emilie.	哦，艾米莉，艾米莉。
[1:06:44]	Emilie Du Chatelet knew that in the 18th century, for a woman to become pregnant	艾米莉沙特莱知道，在18世纪，一个女人
[1:06:48]	at the age of forty-three was really very dangerous, and all the while she was pregnant	在43岁怀孕是非常危险的，一怀孕
[1:06:52]	she had terrible premonitions about what was going to happen.	她就惊恐的预感到将要发生什么了。
[1:06:58]	All her life Du Chatelet had tried to rise above the limitations placed on her gender.	沙特莱终其一生都试图超越她性别的限制。
[1:07:04]	In the end it was an affair with a young soldier that led to her demise.	最终，与一个年轻军官的恋情使她走向死亡。
[1:07:10]	Six days after giving birth to her fourth child she suffered an embolism and died.	生下第四个孩子六天以后，她因血栓而死去。
[1:07:21]	Emilie du Chatelet’s conviction,	艾米莉沙特莱的信念，
[1:07:23]	that the energy of an object is a function of the square of its speed,	即物体的能量是速度平方的函数，
[1:07:28]	sparked a fierce debate.	引发了激烈的争论。
[1:07:31]	After her death it took a hundred years for the idea to be accepted—	在她死后一百年这个想法才被人接受–
[1:07:36]	just in time for Einstein to use this brilliant insight	那时正是爱因斯坦用这个真知灼见
[1:07:40]	to finally bring energy and mass together with light.	最终把能量、质量和光联系在一起。
[1:07:53]	Einstein pursued light right through university and beyond.	爱因斯坦在大学期间及毕业后都在研究光。
[1:07:58]	Unfortunately, he’d upset so many professors that no one would write him a reference.	不幸的是，他很烦恼这么多教授没有一个人愿意给他写介绍信。
[1:08:04]	He accepted a low paying job in the Swiss patent office.	他在瑞士专利局找了份薪水很少的工作。
[1:08:09]	He and Mileva married and had a child.	他和米列娃结婚并生了一个孩子。
[1:08:12]	The young family struggled, but none of it seems to bother Albert.	这个年轻的家庭在苦苦支撑，但似乎没什么能扰乱艾尔伯特的。
[1:08:19]	Einstein, I see you are busy as usual.	爱因斯坦，我看你和平时一样忙啊。
[1:08:23]	Look, Einstein, you have shown some quite good achievements.	你看，爱因斯坦，你已经有很大进步了。
[1:08:33]	But listen, about your promotion, I really think it would be better to wait until	但是你听着，对你的升迁，我真觉得最好等到你
[1:08:39]	you have become fully familiar with mechanical engineering.	对机械工程完全熟悉以后再说。
[1:08:43]	I’m sorry, perhaps next time.	抱歉，要不等下次吧。
[1:08:54]	But I wanted to hire a maid so I can get back and finish my degree.	但是我想雇个女仆这样我就能回学校完成我的学业。
[1:08:57]	Now I’ll never pass my dissertation.	现在我永远也过不了答辩。
[1:08:59]	Oh, come, come, my pretty little duck. All will be fine, you’ll see.	哦，来，过来，亲爱的。一切都会好起来的。
[1:09:04]	But how will it be fine Albert?	可是怎么好起来啊，阿尔伯特？
[1:09:06]	Do I have to just wait another year, until you are promoted?	我要等到下一年，等你升职吗？
[1:09:22]	All will be fine. All will be fine. You’ll see.	会好的。都会好起来的。等着瞧吧。
[1:09:30]	There really is a very charming, but kind of a self-centered streak to Einstein.	爱因斯坦有种迷人的，但以自我为中心的气质。
[1:09:35]	He focuses only on his particular obsessions.	他只关注自己着迷的事。
[1:09:37]	If the rest of the world fits in around him, that’s fine,	如果周围的世界能适应他，那很好，
[1:09:39]	if they can’t, it doesn’t bother him.	如若不能，他也不会受影响。
[1:10:27]	Albert, Albert, Albert. A pretty neck and your head spins.	阿尔伯特，阿尔伯特，阿尔伯特。你的头在漂亮的脖子上打转。
[1:10:31]	Besso, we must behold and comprehend the mysterious.	贝索，我们必须注视着并理解神秘的事物。
[1:10:35]	Well,that kind of mysterious is going to get you into trouble.	可是，那种神秘的事物会给你带来麻烦。
[1:10:38]	I’ll tell you what is truly mysterious, the secret of a long and happy marriage.	我来告诉你什么才是真正的神秘，漫长而幸福的婚姻的秘密。
[1:10:43]	Ha, ha.	哈哈。
[1:10:44]	The mathematics are fine, if a little unconventional.	如果有点标新立异的话，这些数学运算还是不错的。
[1:10:48]	But this only works for big systems. It’ll fall down when you apply it to small systems.	但这只适用于大系统。当你把它用于小系统的时候就不行了。
[1:10:53]	I disagree.	我不同意这个观点。
[1:10:54]	Oh, no, here we go: another grand theory by Herr Albert Einstein,	哦，不，又开始了。专利书记，第三等人–爱因斯坦先生的
[1:10:58]	Patent Clerk, Third Class.	又一重大理论。
[1:11:01]	What would happen if one applied those formulas to electromagnetic radiation?	如果把这些公式用到电磁辐射上会怎么样呢？
[1:11:05]	Albert, you can’t just borrow one bit of physics and apply it,	阿尔伯特，你不能只是借用一点物理学，
[1:11:09]	without proper regard, to a completely different area.	不加考虑地就把它用在完全不同的领域里。
[1:11:12]	Why not?	为什么不能？
[1:11:14]	Albert, I know you like the grand linkages, the big theories,	阿尔伯特，我知道你喜欢宏大的联系，大理论，
[1:11:19]	but wouldn’t things be better all’round if you just got going in some small area,	可是如果你能研究一些小领域，得到个大学职位，
[1:11:24]	got a university post.	这样事情不会更好一点吗？
[1:11:26]	Get a decent wage, for God’s sake.	看在上帝的份上，拿到个体面的薪水吧。
[1:11:28]	At least Mileva could study again. Then she’d be happy and you’d be happy.	至少Mileva可以继续学业。这样她高兴你也高兴。
[1:11:32]	Ah, the vulgar struggle for survival, food and sex: spoken like a true bourgeois.	啊，为了生存，食物和性而进行的庸俗的斗争，说起话来像个真正的资产阶级。
[1:11:40]	Besso, I want to know how God created this world.	贝索，我想知道上帝是如何创造这个世界的。
[1:11:46]	I am not interested in this or that phenomenon, in the spectrum of this or that element.	我对这样或那样的现象,从这种或那种元素的范围来看，不感兴趣。
[1:11:52]	I want to know his thoughts. The rest are details.	我想知道他的想法。其他的都是细节。
[1:11:57]	Yes, but you can’t feed your children on his thoughts, Bertie.	是，但你不能用他的想法来养活你的孩子们，博迪。
[1:12:13]	So it turns out Einstein was going for walk with his very close friend Michele Besso.	结果爱因斯坦和他的好友米歇尔贝索出去散步了。
[1:12:17]	They’d studied physics together and talked about	他们一起学习物理，年复一年的讨论
[1:12:19]	physics and philosophy for years and years.	物理和哲学。
[1:12:21]	They were very close. They had cornered the question of light from every possible angle.	他们亲密无间。他们从各种角度逼近光的问题。
[1:12:33]	As Einstein and Besso were ruminating on how much time it would take light to	当爱因斯坦和贝索在思索在不同的距离下，
[1:12:36]	reach them from clocks at different distances,	光从时钟达到他们会用多长时间的时候，
[1:12:39]	Einstein had a monumental insight.	爱因斯坦有了巨大的领悟。
[1:12:51]	Thank you, thank you!	谢谢，谢谢你！
[1:12:56]	I’ve completely solved the problem.	我完全解决了这个问题。
[1:13:03]	Albert?	阿尔伯特？
[1:13:09]	What Einstein did was completely turn the problem on its head.	爱因斯坦在脑海中把这个问题完全解决了。
[1:13:14]	Other scientists had found it impossible to accept Maxwell’s idea that	别的科学家发现不可能接受麦克斯韦的想法，即
[1:13:18]	light would always move away from you at 600 million miles an hour,	光总是以600万英里的时速远离你，
[1:13:21]	even if you, too, were traveling really fast.	即使你行走的也非常快。
[1:13:24]	But Einstein just accepted that as a light’s speed never ever changes.	但是爱因斯坦接受了光速是永远不会改变的。
[1:13:29]	Then what he did was bend everything we know about the universe	他所做的就是扭曲我们所知的宇宙的一切
[1:13:33]	to fit light’s fixed speed.	来适应光的不变的速度。
[1:13:36]	What he discovered was that to do that you have to slow down time.	他发现如果要那么做你就得把时间放慢。
[1:13:42]	His extraordinary insight is that time…as you approach the speed of light,	他非凡的洞察力在于时间…当你接近光速的时候，
[1:13:47]	time itself will slow down. It’s a monumental shift in how we see the world.	时间自身会变慢。这对我们如何看待世界来说是一个巨大的转变。
[1:13:58]	The instant, the very instant when Einstein had this brilliant insight that	那一刻，就在爱因斯坦有了时间会变慢这个天才般的洞察力的那一刻，
[1:14:03]	time could slow down, well the floodgates began to open.	洪水的闸门打开了。
[1:14:11]	You see, before then people had assumed that time was like a wristwatch on God’s hand,	你看，在此之前，人们假设时间就像戴在上帝手上的表，
[1:14:18]	that it beat at a steady rate throughout the universe no matter where you were.	无论你身在何处，时间在宇宙中总是以固定的速度在敲打。
[1:14:25]	Einstein said no, that the tick, tick, tick of this wristwatch was actually	爱因斯坦说不，手表这种嘀嗒，嘀嗒，嘀嗒实际上是
[1:14:30]	the click, click, click of electricity turning into magnetism turning into electricity	电转换成磁，又转换成电的这种咔嚓，咔嚓，咔嚓
[1:14:36]	—in other words, the steady pace of light itself.	–换句话说，是光本身这种稳定的速度。
[1:14:49]	1905 was a miraculous year for Einstein and for physics.	1905年对爱因斯坦和物理学界来说是不可思议的一年。
[1:14:56]	He had an unbelievable outpouring of creativity.	他有了难以置信的源源不断的创造力。
[1:15:00]	It starts with his publication of a paper on how to work out the true size of atoms.	这起于他出版的如何计算原子真实尺寸的论文。
[1:15:05]	Two months later is the publication of his paper on the nature of light.	两个月后他出版了关于光的本质的论文。
[1:15:08]	That’s what will earn him the Nobel Prize.	这使他赢得了诺贝尔奖。
[1:15:10]	The third paper, only a month later is on how molecules move when heated,	仅仅一个月后，发表了第三篇论文，是关于加热时分子如何运动，
[1:15:14]	and that finally ends the debate on whether atoms really exist.	这篇论文最终终结了关于原子是否真实存在的争论。
[1:15:18]	The fourth paper is published at the end of this half-year period.	第四篇论文在这半年时间的末尾发表.
[1:15:21]	In it Einstein sets out his theory of light,time and space.	在这篇论文里爱因斯坦陈述了他关于光，时间和空间的理论。
[1:15:25]	It was the “Theory of Special Relativity” that changed the way we see the world.	狭义相对论改变了我们看待世界的方式。
[1:15:31]	In Einstein’s new world, the one true constant was not time or even space, but light.	在爱因斯坦的新世界中，唯一真正的恒量不是时间，也不是空间，而是光。
[1:15:49]	But Einstein’s miracle year was not over; in one last great paper,	但爱因斯坦奇迹般的一年并没有结束；在接下来的一篇伟大的论文中，
[1:16:02]	he would propose an even deeper unity.	他提出了一个更深层次的统一。
[1:16:08]	As he computed all the implications of his new theory	当他计算了他的新理论的所有关联时，
[1:16:12]	he noticed another strange connection, this one between energy, mass and light.	他注意到了另一个奇怪的联系，即能量，质量和光之间的联系。
[1:16:34]	Einstein realizes that the speed of light is kind of like a cosmic speed limit,	爱因斯坦意识到光速就像一种宇宙速度极限，
[1:16:39]	nothing can go faster.	没有比这更快的。
[1:16:44]	So imagine we have a train charging along.	那么想象一下我们有一辆火车高速行驶。
[1:16:46]	And let’s say it’s getting up to the speed of light,	假设它达到了光速，
[1:16:48]	and we’re stuffing more and more energy in trying to get it to go faster and faster,	而我们填充越来越多的能量以使它走的越来越快，
[1:16:53]	but it’s still bumping up against the speed of light.	但它仍旧超不过光速。
[1:16:56]	So all this energy, where does it go? It has to go somewhere.	那么这种能量去哪里了呢？得有地方去吧。
[1:17:01]	Amazingly it goes into the object’s mass.	令人惊讶的是它成为了物体的质量。
[1:17:04]	From our point of view, the train actually gets heavier.	从我们的观点来看，火车变重了。
[1:17:07]	The energy becomes mass. It’s an incredible idea.	能量变成了质量。这是个令人难以置信的想法。
[1:17:21]	Even Einstein is amazed by it.	甚至爱因斯坦都对此感到震惊。
[1:17:26]	Look. I think I have found a connection between energy and mass.	我想我找到了能量和质量的关系。
[1:17:32]	If I am right then energy and mass are not absolute.	如果我是对的那么能量和质量都不是绝对的。
[1:17:37]	They are not distinct. They can be converted into one another.	它们本质没有不同。它们可以互相转换。
[1:17:43]	Energy can become mass, and mass can become energy, and not just energy equaling mass.	能量可以变成质量，质量也可以变成能量，并且不只是能量等于质量。
[1:17:51]	Energy equals mass times the square of the speed of light.	能量等于质量乘以光速的平方。
[1:18:00]	Would you like me to check your mathematics?	你可以让我检查一下你的计算吗？
[1:18:10]	Einstein sent his fifth great paper for publication.	爱因斯坦发表了他第五篇伟大的论文。
[1:18:17]	In three pages he simply stated that energy and mass were	在三页的论文里他简单阐述了能量和质量
[1:18:21]	connected by the square of the speed of light E=mc2.	由光速的平方联系到一起 E=mc2。
[1:18:36]	With four familiar notes in the scale of nature, this patent officer had composed	这个专利员用自然界中四个熟悉的符号谱写了
[1:18:42]	a totally fresh melody, the culmination of his 10 year journey into light.	一个完全不同的旋律，他十年追求光的旅途登峰造极。
[1:18:54]	Here we are, for thousands of years, thinking that	成千上万年来，我们认为
[1:18:56]	over here is a world of objects, of matter,	这里是一个物体，物质的世界，
[1:18:59]	and over there is an entirely separate world of movement, of forces, of energy.	而那边是一个完全分开的，一个运动，力和能量的世界。
[1:19:04]	And Einstein says “No. They are not separate. Energy can become mass.	爱因斯坦说“不，他们不是分开的。能量可以变成质量。
[1:19:08]	And crucially, mass can also become energy.”	最终要的是，质量也可以变成能量。”
[1:19:11]	There is a deep unity between energy, matter and light.	能量，质量和光之间存在深层次的统一。
[1:19:18]	“E=mc2.” That equation shows that every piece of matter in our universe	“E=mc2.”这个方程显示了宇宙中每一片质量中
[1:19:24]	has stored within it a fantastic amount of energy.	都储存着一点异乎寻常的能量。
[1:19:28]	The speed of light for example is about 300 million meters per second,	比如说光速是3亿米每秒，
[1:19:32]	you multiply that by itself and you get 90 quadrillion.	平方以后是90万亿。
[1:19:37]	So, in other words, what is matter?	那么，换句话说，什么是物质？
[1:19:39]	In some sense, matter is nothing but the condensation of vast amounts of energy.	某种程度上，质量就是巨大能量的压缩。
[1:19:45]	So, in other words, if you could unlock, somehow unlock, all the energy	所以，换句话说，如果你可以以某种方式打开我钢笔中的
[1:19:49]	stored within mypen, that would erupt with a force comparable to an atomic bomb.	所有能量，那会爆发出堪比原子弹的力量。
[1:20:06]	After Einstein’s fifth great 1905 paper, physicists no longer spoke of mass or energy.	爱因斯坦1905年第五篇论文发表后，物理学家不再谈论质量或者能量了。
[1:20:14]	They are now the same thing to us.	现在它们对我们来说是一样的东西。
[1:20:32]	Probably the most miraculous year in human science ends in silence.	或许人类科学史上最充满奇迹的一年在沉默中结束了，
[1:20:40]	The articles are published to resounding…nothing.	爱因斯坦发表的这些文章没有收到任何回响。
[1:20:46]	I think the Gods are laughing at me.	我想上帝在嘲笑我。
[1:20:52]	Then slowly it starts: a letter here, a letter there.	后来慢慢开始收到这里一封信，那里一封信。
[1:20:58]	For four years Einstein answered each inquiry dutifully,	四年里爱因斯坦尽职尽责的回复每一个问询，
[1:21:03]	trying to explain his difficult, complex ideas to a confused physics community.	试图向困惑的物理学界解释他困难，复杂的想法。
[1:21:11]	I love the idea that life just went on as normal.	生活照常进行，我觉得这很好。
[1:21:16]	Here are these universe-changing papers circling around,	这些改变宇宙的论文就在周围，
[1:21:20]	and the world is struggling to come to terms with them.	而全世界正努力去接受它们。
[1:21:27]	Einstein had a fan club of just one.	爱因斯坦仅加入了一个俱乐部。
[1:21:31]	Luckily, it happened to be the most important living physicist.	幸运的是，恰巧有一位在世的最重要的物理学家。
[1:21:36]	Einstein, Einstein. Max Planck has sent someone to see you.	爱因斯坦，爱因斯坦。马克思普朗克派人来见你。
[1:21:44]	Max Planck?	马克思普朗克？
[1:21:45]	Yes, he has sent his assistant. He’s here to see you.	是，他派助手来了。他来这里见你了。
[1:21:56]	Max Planck encourages the world’s most eminent physicists to take Einstein seriously.	马克思普朗克鼓励世界上大多数著名的物理学家严肃的对待爱因斯坦。
[1:22:03]	After four years of waiting he is appointed Professor of Physics at Zurich University.	四年的等待之后他被任命为苏黎世大学物理学教授。
[1:22:12]	From there his career is meteoric. He is made Professor of Physics in Berlin,	他的事业从那里飞黄腾达。他成了柏林的物理学教授，
[1:22:18]	achieves world renown and becomes a household name.	享誉世界，成为家喻户晓的名字。
[1:22:24]	He is the undisputed father of modern physics.	他是无可争议的现代物理学之父。
[1:22:44]	But Einstein’s success was the downfall of his marriage.	但爱因斯坦的成功也毁灭了他的婚姻。
[1:22:52]	In 1919 he divorced Mileva and married his cousin.	1919年他和米列娃离婚又娶了他的表妹。
[1:23:02]	His fame led to numerous affairs. E=mc2 became the Holy Grail of science.	他的名声带来了各种事务。E=mc2变成了科学的圣杯。
[1:23:46]	It held out the promise of vast reserves of energy locked deep inside the atom.	这提供了保存深藏于原子中的巨大能量的可能性。
[1:23:51]	Einstein suspected that it would take a hundred years of research to unlock it.	爱因斯坦怀疑这需要几百年的时间来研究释放这种能量。
[1:23:56]	But he hadn’t banked on the Second World War	但是他没能寄希望于第二次世界大战
[1:23:59]	and the genius of a Jewish woman in Hitler’s Germany.	和希特勒统治的德国下一个犹太女人的天才。
[1:24:24]	Twenty-eight year old Austrian Lise Meitner was painfully shy.	28岁的奥地利人丽莎麦特纳非常害羞。
[1:24:30]	Despite her anxiety, the young Doctor of Physics arrived in Berlin	尽管她很焦虑，这个年轻的物理学博士来到柏林
[1:24:34]	determined to pursue a career in the exciting, new field of radioactivity.	决定在放射性这个令人兴奋的新领域追求自己的事业。
[1:24:41]	Unfortunately, in 1907 German universities did not employ female graduates.	不幸的是，在1907年德国大学不会雇佣女性毕业生。
[1:24:53]	Luckily, one man came to her aid.	幸运的是，一个人伸出援手。
[1:24:59]	Fraulein Meitner?	麦特纳小姐？
[1:25:01]	Yes?	恩？
[1:25:02]	Otto Hahn. I’m a researcher in the Chemistry Institute.	我是奥托哈恩。我是化学所的研究员。
[1:25:06]	Professor Planck suggested..	普朗克教授说。。。
[1:25:07]	Ah yes, Herr Hahn.	啊，是的，哈恩先生。
[1:25:08]	I have read both your papers on Thorium and Mesothorium.	我读过你关于钍和新钍的论文。
[1:25:10]	Dr. Planck suggested that Yes, he suggested I speak to you.	普朗克博士说可以，他建议我和你谈谈。
[1:25:13]	I need someone to collaborate with.	我需要找个人合作。
[1:25:15]	I think I could really help with the physical analysis.	我觉得我真的可以在物理分析上帮上忙。
[1:25:17]	And the mathematics?	数学方面呢？
[1:25:19]	Yes, yes, and the mathematics.	是的，可以，数学上也行。
[1:25:23]	Studying radioactive atoms has become so much a collaboration	研究放射性原子最近已经成为
[1:25:25]	between chemistry and physics these days.	化学和物理学的合作了。
[1:25:27]	Yes, yes.	是的，是的。
[1:25:29]	I’ll ask Fischer for a laboratory then.	我会向菲舍尔要一个实验室。
[1:25:32]	Excellent.	很好。
[1:25:35]	I’ll speak to you soon.	我很快会找你谈的。
[1:25:38]	Lise Meitner had just taken the first step on a journey that	丽莎麦特纳在一次不可避免的改变世界历史的旅程中
[1:25:41]	would irrevocably change world history.	迈出了第一步。
[1:25:44]	For her, it would be a road marked with success and renown,	对她来说，这既是一条标满成功和声望的路，
[1:25:48]	but also with terror and betrayal.	也是一条充满恐怖和背叛的路。
[1:25:57]	At this time, not a lot was known about the atom.	此时，对于原子所知甚少。
[1:26:02]	At first people thought it was like a miniature cellular system,	起初人们认为它就像一个微型蜂窝系统，
[1:26:05]	there’s a solid nucleus of the center and electrons would spin around it,	有一个固定的核在它中心，电子围绕它转动，
[1:26:09]	sort of like planets around our sun.	有点像太阳周围的行星。
[1:26:12]	A little later, some researchers proposed that the nucleus itself wasn’t a solid chunk	后来，一些研究人员提出原子核本身不是一个固体块，
[1:26:17]	but was made up of separate particles, of protons and neutrons.	而是有分离的粒子构成的，即质子和中子。
[1:26:21]	But then, in what are called radioactive metals, things like radium and uranium,	但那时，在放射性金属，像镭和铀中，
[1:26:25]	the nucleus itself seemed to be unstable, leaking out energy and particles.	原子核自身似乎不稳定，会释放能量和粒子。
[1:26:30]	Perhapsthis was an example of E=mc2, the mass of a nucleus turning into energy?	可能这就是E=mc2的一个例子吧，原子核的质量变成了能量？
[1:26:40]	Meitner and Hahn’s collaboration to unlock the secrets of the atom,	麦特纳和哈恩的揭开原子秘密的合作，
[1:26:44]	started out on an extremely unequal footing.	以极其不平等的地位开始了。
[1:26:49]	He was given a laboratory. She was forced to work in a woodshop.	哈恩得到了一个实验室。而麦特纳则被迫在一个木工店里工作。
[1:26:54]	I see you haven’t set your hair on fire?	我看你还没火烧眉毛啊。
[1:26:57]	Herr Hahn?	哈恩先生。
[1:26:59]	The boss. He thinks that if he lets women into the Chemistry Institute	是大老板，他说如果他让女士进化学所的话，
[1:27:01]	they’ll set their hair on fire.	那他们就要火烧眉毛了。
[1:27:04]	his beard must be fireproof.	Ah, so那他的胡子一定是防火的了。
[1:27:11]	Good day, Herr Hahn.	日安，哈恩先生。
[1:27:13]	Good day.	日安
[1:27:17]	You see. I am nonexistent to this place.	你看到了吧，我在这个地方就是空气。
[1:27:23]	At least physicists recognize me for my abilities.	至少物理学家们认可了我的能力。
[1:27:26]	Ah, yes, where would we chemists be without the steadying hand of the physicist?	是啊，如果没有物理学家坚定的援手，我们这些化学家又会在哪呢？
[1:27:46]	It took years, but Lise lost her shyness eventually.	虽然有点费时，但丽莎最终摆脱了她的羞赧。
[1:27:51]	In 1912 she and Hahn moved to the brand new Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry	1912年她和哈恩搬到了崭新的威廉皇帝化学研究所，
[1:27:56]	where their status was really that of equals.	在那里他们的地位平等了。
[1:28:02]	Lise became the first woman in Germany to have the title of Professor.	丽莎成为德国第一位拥有博士头衔的女性。
[1:28:25]	Lise,I have news. You remember the art student I told you of?	丽莎，我有个新闻。你还记得我告诉过你的那个艺术生吗？
[1:28:35]	Yes. Edith.	嗯，伊蒂斯。
[1:28:38]	Yes, well,I have asked her to marry me, and she has accepted.	是的，我求她嫁给我，她答应了。
[1:28:45]	Ah. Doctor Hahn, congratulations.	啊，哈恩博士，祝贺你。
[1:28:52]	Yes, well, I wanted you to be the first to know.	嗯，我想第一个告诉你。
[1:29:00]	I’m very pleased for you, very pleased.	我真为你高兴，非常高兴。
[1:29:16]	Lise Meitner was warm hearted by nature, she had many friends,	丽莎麦特纳天性热心，她有很多朋友，
[1:29:21]	and she may have wanted to have a closer relationship with Otto.	而且她可能也想和奥托保持亲密的关系。
[1:29:25]	But it really does seem that physics was Lise’s first love, maybe even her passion.	但似乎物理才是丽莎的真爱，甚至可能是酷爱。
[1:29:34]	The 1920s and ’30s were the golden age of nuclear research.	20世纪20和30年代是核研究的黄金时代。
[1:29:39]	The largest known nucleus at the time was that	那时已知的最大的原子核是
[1:29:42]	of the Uranium atom containing 238 protons and neutrons.	拥有238个质子和中子的铀原子核。
[1:29:47]	Meitner and Hahn were leading the race to see if even bigger nuclei	麦特纳和哈恩引导了这次竞赛，看看加上更多的中子
[1:29:51]	could be created by adding more neutrons.	会不会产生更大的原子核。
[1:29:56]	So, the atom—pretty familiar, nucleus in the center, electrons orbiting around.	那么，原子–非常熟悉，原子核在中心，电子绕核旋转。
[1:30:08]	The nucleus is our focus. the nucleus, made up of protons and neutrons.	原子核是我们关注的焦点。原子核，由质子和中子构成。
[1:30:18]	Now, the largest nucleus we know is that of the Uranium atom.	现在，我们所知的最大的原子核是铀原子核。
[1:30:23]	Its nucleus is a tightly packed structure of 238 protons and neutrons.	铀原子核是由238个质子和中子紧紧包裹的结构。
[1:30:33]	The thrust of our work is to try to fire neutrons into this huge structure,	我们工作的重点是试图将中子发射到这个巨大的结构中去，
[1:30:42]	and if we can get a neutron to stick in here, it will be a breakthrough.	如果我们能把一个中子固定在这里，就会是个突破。
[1:31:01]	Meitner may have been on the brink of a major discovery,	麦特纳可能已经在一个重大发现的边缘了，
[1:31:04]	but Germany in the 1930s was a dangerous place to be, even for a world-class scientist.	但20世纪30年代的德国是个危险的地方，甚至对一个世界级的科学家来说。
[1:31:13]	The Jewess endangers our Institute.	这些犹太人危及到了我们研究所。
[1:31:20]	When the Nazis came to power, one of the first things they did was	纳粹掌权时，他们所做的第一件事
[1:31:23]	to drive out Jewish academics from the universities.	就是把犹太学者从大学中驱逐出去。
[1:31:28]	Einstein was very prominent, and for that reason he was one of the first to go.	爱因斯坦非常出名，所以他是第一个要走人的。
[1:31:32]	He was hounded out of Germany in Lise was not dismissed at that time.	他被撵出德国丽莎那时还没有被遣散。
[1:31:39]	She was able to stay because she was Austrian.	她能待在那里因为她是奥地利人。
[1:31:43]	But in March 1938 Austria was annexed into Germany,	但1938年3月奥地利被并入德国，
[1:31:47]	and at that point her situation became untenable.	那时她的情况就不堪一击了。
[1:31:59]	What is it?	什么事？
[1:32:04]	Frightening news.	可怕的消息。
[1:32:06]	What’s happened?	怎么了？
[1:32:09]	Hess is going around saying that I should be got rid of.	Kurt库尔特·赫斯过来说我应当离开。
[1:32:16]	I actually knew. I heard today.	实际上我知道。今天我听说了。
[1:32:19]	I was going to speak to the treasurer of the Institute before I told you.	告诉你之前我想先找所里的会计谈谈。
[1:32:23]	We’ll speak to him tomorrow. Come on, let’s get you home. It’s late. We’ll finish up.	我们明天找他谈。走吧，我们送你回家。天晚了。我们会搞定的。
[1:32:40]	The pressure on Meitner was unbearable. Hahn, who was known for his anti-Nazi views,	麦特纳身上的压力是难以承受的。哈恩因他的反纳粹观点被人熟知，
[1:32:46]	did his best to protect her, at least initially.	他尽力保护丽莎，至少最初是这样的。
[1:32:52]	I need to talk to you about Lise.	我要和你谈谈丽莎。
[1:32:53]	Not now, I’m too busy.	现在不行，我忙着呢。
[1:32:55]	We have to protect her.	我们得保护她。
[1:32:57]	How? What can we do? The situation is the way it is.	怎么保护？我们能做什么？情况就是这么个情况。
[1:33:05]	Who knows what could happen next? She can’t stay. It’s just not tenable.	谁知道接下来会发生什么事呢？她不能待在这里。这是保不住的。
[1:33:10]	But she hasn’t got a visa or even a valid passport,	但她还没有拿到签证甚至有效的护照，
[1:33:13]	and she may soon be forbidden to leave Germany.	她可能很快被禁止离开德国。
[1:33:19]	We can’t harbor a Jew. If she stays the regime will shut us all down.	我们不能庇护犹太人。如果她留下来这个法西斯制度会让我们都停工的。
[1:33:36]	Lise, Horlein demands that you leave.	丽莎，Horlein要求你离开。
[1:33:48]	You can’t throw her out.	你不能把她扔出去。
[1:33:54]	Horlein says you should not come into the Institute any more.	Horlein说你不该再来研究所了。
[1:34:00]	Well, I have to write up the thorium irradiation tomorrow, so I have to come in.	哦，明天我得来把这个钍照射写下来，所以我必须过来。
[1:34:05]	You’ve given up.	你放弃了！
[1:34:26]	When it became clear that Meitner would be dismissed and probably arrested,	很显然麦特纳会被驱逐而且有可能被捕，
[1:34:30]	Physicists all around Europe wrote letters inviting her to conferences,	此时全欧洲的物理学家写信邀请她去开会，
[1:34:35]	giving her an excuse to leave Germany. The Nazis refused to let her go.	给她离开德国的借口。纳粹拒绝让她走。
[1:34:43]	In July of 1938 a Dutch colleague traveled to Berlin	1938年7月一个荷兰同事到柏林旅游
[1:34:47]	and illegally took Lise back with him on a train to Holland.	擅自将丽莎带上了回荷兰的火车。
[1:34:52]	The trip was so frightening that at one point she begged to go back.	此次旅程如此可怕以至于她一度请求回去。
[1:34:57]	Despite the great danger, she got through.	尽管危险重重，她熬过来了。
[1:35:08]	She had lost her home, her position, her books, her salary,	她失去了家园，没有了职位，丢了书，没有薪水，
[1:35:15]	her pension, even her native language.	没有退休金，甚至连她的母语都忘记了。
[1:35:20]	She had been cut off from her work just at the time when she was leading the field	她正要引导那个领域，
[1:35:27]	and was on the brink of a major scientific discovery.	在重大科学发现的边缘之时，她的工作被迫中断了。
[1:35:30]	No matter what privations she suffered, Lise was still thinking of physics.	尽管她穷困不堪，丽莎仍在思考物理。
[1:35:37]	Amazingly she and Hahn were able to collaborate by letter.	令人惊讶的是，她和哈恩能通过写信来合作。
[1:35:42]	I hope, my dear Otto, that after 30 years of work together and friendship in the institute,	亲爱的奥托，我希望看在所里30年的工作和友谊上，
[1:35:48]	that at least the possibility remains that you tell me as much as you can about	至少你可以尽可能的告诉我
[1:35:52]	what is happening back there.	那边在发生什么事。
[1:36:15]	Lise was invited by an old student friend to spend Christmas on the west coast of Sweden.	丽莎受邀去瑞典西海岸的一个老同学家里过圣诞节。
[1:36:22]	Her nephew, Otto Robert Frisch, who was also a physicist, came to join her there.	她的侄子，奥托·罗伯特·弗里施也是个物理学家，去那里和她碰面。
[1:36:30]	Aunt? Aunt? Aunt Lise? How are you, my dear? Merry Christmas? Aunt?	姨妈？丽莎姨妈？亲爱的你怎么样？圣诞节快乐！姨妈？
[1:36:44]	I need your help, come on let’s go out.	我需要你帮忙，走，我们出去。
[1:36:49]	But, I was hoping you’d help me.	但我希望你可以帮我。
[1:36:56]	Back in Berlin, Hahn was getting strange results. He found no evidence to suggest that	回到柏林，哈恩得到了奇怪的结果。他发现没有证据表明
[1:37:02]	bombarding the uranium nucleus with neutrons had caused it to increase in size.	用中子轰击铀核会导致它的大小增加。
[1:37:07]	In fact, his experiments seemed to be contaminated with radium, a smaller atom.	实际上，他的实验好像受到了一个小镭原子的影响。
[1:37:14]	He desperately needed Meitner’s expert analysis.	他极度需要麦特纳的专业分析。
[1:37:18]	From afar, she was starting to suspect that	相隔万里，她开始怀疑
[1:37:21]	something very different was happening in their experiment.	他们的实验出现了问题。
[1:37:26]	Hahn and Strassman are getting some strange results with the uranium work.	哈恩和斯特拉斯曼在铀方面的工作上得到了一些奇怪的结果。
[1:37:30]	Really?	真的吗？
[1:37:31]	A couple of months ago Hahn told me that	几个月前哈恩告诉我
[1:37:33]	they were finding radium amongst the uranium products.	他们正在铀产品中寻找镭。
[1:37:37]	We are looking for a much bigger element, and here we are finding something much smaller.	我们在找一个更大的元素，而我们找到了更小的。
[1:37:43]	I urged Hahn to check again, it couldn’t be radium.	我力求哈恩再检查一遍，那不可能是镭。
[1:37:48]	And now he writes to me and tells me that it’s not radium, it’s barium.	现在他写信告诉我那不是镭，而是钡。
[1:37:53]	But that’s even smaller.	但那实际上更小。
[1:37:55]	Exactly.	正是如此。
[1:37:57]	Hahn is sure that it’s another error, but I don’t know any more.	哈恩确信是另一个错误，我就不知道了。
[1:38:01]	It is at least possible that barium is being produced.	至少产生了钡。
[1:38:04]	So Hahn still needs you to interpret the data.	所以哈恩需要你来解释数据。
[1:38:08]	It is my work too, you know.	你知道这也是我的工作。
[1:38:10]	Exactly.	是啊。
[1:38:12]	Well, I can’t be there, can I? Come on, let’s walk.	唉，我不能在那里，是吧？走吧，我们走走。
[1:38:29]	Surely, he’s made a mistake, hasn’t he? He hasn’t done what you told him to.	可以确定的是，他出了错，是吧？他没有按你说的做。
[1:38:33]	My darling, Robert, he may not be a brilliant theorist,	亲爱的，罗伯特，他可能不是个出色的理论家，
[1:38:36]	but he’s too good a chemist to get this wrong.	但他是个很好的化学家，不应该弄错。
[1:38:47]	If you imagine a drop of water, a big drop,	想象一滴水，一大滴水，
[1:38:50]	it’s unstable, on the verge of breaking apart.	它是不稳定的，近乎分裂开。
[1:38:54]	It turns out that a big nucleus like uranium is just like that.	事实证明，一个大的原子核，如同铀核就是那样的。
[1:38:58]	Now for four years Meitner and Hahn and all other physicists had thought that	现在四年来麦特纳和哈恩还有其他的物理学家认为
[1:39:04]	if you pump more neutrons into this nucleus, it’ll just get bigger and heavier.	如果把更多的中子泵入原子核中，原子核会变的更大更重。
[1:39:12]	But suddenly Meitner and Frisch, out in the midday snow, realized that	但在正午的雪地上，麦特纳和弗里施突然意识到，
[1:39:16]	this nucleus might just get so big that it would split in two.	这个原子核变的太大以至于分裂成为两个了。
[1:39:27]	If the nucleus is so big that it has trouble staying together,	如果原子核太大而难以聚合在一起，
[1:39:31]	then couldn’t just a little tiny jog from a neutron and…	会不会只是一个中子轻微的触碰就会。。。
[1:39:35]	Yes, but if the nucleus did split,	是的，但是如果原子核确实分裂了，
[1:39:37]	the two halves would fly apart with a huge amount of energy.	这两半会带着巨大的能量分离开来。
[1:39:41]	Where’s that energy going to come from?	那种能量从哪里来呢？
[1:39:44]	How much energy?	又有多少能量呢？
[1:39:46]	Well, we worked out that the mutual repulsion between two nuclei would	嗯，我们知道了两个原子核之间的相互排斥
[1:39:49]	generate about 200 million electron volts.	会产生2亿伏的电量。
[1:39:52]	But something has to supply that energy.	但得有东西提供那种能量。
[1:39:55]	Wait, let me do a packing fraction calculation. The two nuclei are lighter than	等一下，我做一个敛集率计算。分裂的两个原子核
[1:40:10]	the original uranium nucleus by about one-fifth of a proton in mass.	比最初的铀原子核质量轻了大约一个质子质量的五分之一。
[1:40:15]	What? So some mass has been lost? Einstein’s E=mc2?	什么？这么说有些质量没了？爱因斯坦的质能方程？
[1:40:24]	If we multiply the lost mass by the speed of light squared	如果用光速的平方乘以失去的质量
[1:40:29]	we get… 200 million electron volts.	我们得到了。。。2亿伏。
[1:40:39]	He’s split the atom.	他分裂了原子。
[1:40:42]	No, no,no. You’ve split the atom.	不，不，不。是你分裂了原子。
[1:40:54]	It was an amazing discovery.	这是个惊人的发现。
[1:40:57]	Of course in the laboratory we are talking about tiny amounts of uranium	当然我们在实验室里讨论过微量的铀
[1:41:01]	and correspondingly tiny amounts of energy.	和相应的微量的能量。
[1:41:04]	But the point is that the amount of energy released was relatively large	但重点是所释放的能量是比较大的，
[1:41:09]	and that came from the mass of the uranium itself.	而且它来自于铀本身的质量。
[1:41:12]	The energy released was entirely consistent with Einstein’s equation, E=mc2.	所释放的能量与爱因斯坦的质能方程完全一致。
[1:41:23]	Meitner and Frisch published the discovery of what they called nuclear fission	麦特纳和弗里施发表了他们称之为核裂变的发现，
[1:41:28]	to great acclaim.	备受好评。
[1:41:30]	But betrayal awaited them.	但是背叛在等待着他们。
[1:41:36]	Otto Hahn was under pressure from the Nazi regime	奥托哈恩迫于纳粹制度的压力
[1:41:39]	to write his Jewish colleague out of the story.	要把他的犹太同事从历史中写出去。
[1:41:42]	He alone was awarded the 1944 Nobel Prize for the discovery.	他由于这个发现独自获得了1944年的诺贝尔奖。
[1:41:47]	In his speech he barely mentioned the leading role of Meitner.	在他的演讲中几乎没有提到麦特纳的领导角色。
[1:41:52]	Bizarrely even after the war,	奇怪的是甚至在二战以后
[1:41:54]	Hahn maintained it was he and not Meitner who had discovered nuclear fission.	哈恩认为是他而不是麦特纳发现了核裂变。
[1:42:02]	Now I want to write something personal, which disturbs me	现在我想写些个人的事情，一些困扰我的事，
[1:42:06]	and which I ask you to read with more than 40-year friendship in mind,	一些我要求你心里带着40多年的友谊
[1:42:12]	and with the desire to understand me.	和理解我的渴望来阅读的事情。
[1:42:15]	I am [now] referred to as “Hahn’s long time co-worker.”	我现在被引用为“哈恩长久的帮手”。
[1:42:20]	How would you feel if you were only characterized as the longtime co-worker of me?	如果你仅仅被视为我长久的帮手，你会怎么想？
[1:42:29]	After the last 15 years, which I wouldn’t wish on any good friend,	在过去的15年里，我不指望有任何的好朋友，
[1:42:36]	shall my scientific past also be taken from me? Is that fair? And why is it happening?	而我的科学生涯也要被带走吗？这公平吗？为什么会这样？
[1:42:52]	Lise Meitner had been working on this for 30 years.	丽莎麦特纳已经为此工作了30年了。
[1:42:56]	She’d only broken apart a handful of atoms, but that was enough,	她只打散了一把原子，但那已经足够了，
[1:43:00]	once she had broken even one, the genie was out of the bottle.	她仅仅打破一个，魔鬼就从瓶子里出来了。
[1:43:05]	What Meitner had started…after that physicists around the world began to realize	麦特纳所开始做的。。。自那以后世界上的物理学家开始意识到
[1:43:10]	they could take it a lot further.	他们可以更近一步。
[1:43:14]	In 1942 an intense effort to build an atom bomb was begun.	1942年大量的努力开始投入到制造原子弹上。
[1:43:16]	All over America, secret installations sprang up	在整个美国，秘密的设备在代号“曼哈顿计划”下
[1:43:21]	under the code name “The Manhattan Project.”	突然出现。
[1:43:25]	Meitner was asked to join the Manhattan project, and she refused.	麦特纳被要求加入曼哈顿计划，但她拒绝了。
[1:43:27]	She refused to have anything to do with the atomic bomb.	她拒绝与原子弹有任何牵连。
[1:43:31]	But Robert Frisch was different. He was an important member of the team,	但罗伯特·弗里施不同。他是这个团队的重要成员，
[1:43:35]	because he was convinced of the need to beat the Nazis in a nuclear arms race.	因为他确信需要在核军备竞赛中打败纳粹。
[1:43:56]	A nuclear bomb was never used on Germany, but the atomic bombs dropped on	原子弹从没有用在德国，但是扔在
[1:44:02]	Hiroshima and Nagasaki demonstrated the terrible destructive power of E=mc2.	广岛和长崎的原子弹展示了质能方程可怕的破坏力。
[1:44:24]	Vast amounts of energy, in the form of electromagnetic radiation,	巨大的能量以电磁辐射的形式
[1:44:28]	were released from a few pounds of uranium and plutonium.	从几十斤的铀和钚中释放出来。
[1:44:41]	While the pure inquisitiveness of the world’s most gifted scientists	尽管世界上最具天赋的科学家们
[1:44:46]	ironically had brought humanity a weapon of mass destruction,	纯粹的好奇心带给人类一个大规模杀伤性武器极具讽刺意味，
[1:44:50]	the equation’s life has a parallel story of creation and beauty.	但是这个方程的一生还是有一个关于创造和美感的故事。
[1:45:12]	Today, young physicists carry on Einstein’s quest.	今天，年轻的物理学家们继续着爱因斯坦的探索。
[1:45:17]	Ever since its birth, E=mc2 has been used to delve into the depths of time,	自从E=mc2诞生开始，它就被用来探索时间的深度，
[1:45:25]	to answer the biggest question of all, “Where did we come from?”	来回答那个最宏大的问题，“我们来自哪里？”
[1:45:37]	At particle accelerators, researchers propel atomic particles to the speed of light	在粒子加速器上，研究人员将原子大小的粒子加速到光速
[1:45:43]	and smash them together, creating conditions like those in the Big Bang.	并让它们撞击，创造出宇宙大爆炸的条件。
[1:45:50]	E=mc2 actually tells us how the Big Bang itself happened.	E=mc2实际上告诉了我们宇宙大爆炸是如何发生的。
[1:45:59]	In the first moments of creation, the universe was this immensely dense,	在创世开始时，宇宙是这种非常密集，
[1:46:02]	immensely concentrated eruption of energy.	非常集中的能量爆发。
[1:46:05]	As it rushed apart and expanded, huge amounts of energy, or E,	当它喷涌开来并膨胀的时候，巨大的能量，或者说E，
[1:46:09]	were converted into mass or m.	转化成了质量，或者说m。
[1:46:11]	Pure energy became matter, it became the particles and atoms,	纯粹的能量变成了物质，成为颗粒和原子，
[1:46:15]	and it eventually formed the first stars.	并最终形成了第一批恒星。
[1:46:22]	Our sun is a huge furnace, floating in space, and it’s powered by E=mc2.	我们的太阳是个漂浮在太空中的巨大的火炉，它由E=mc2提供能量。
[1:46:28]	Now it turns out, every second, four million tons of solid mass of the sun, disappears.	如今事实证明，每秒钟太阳有4百万吨固态质量消失。
[1:46:35]	It comes out as energy. Not just a little bit of energy,	这些质量变成了能量。这不仅仅是一点能量，
[1:46:37]	it’s enough to light up our entire solar system,	它已经足以照亮我们整个太阳系，
[1:46:40]	make the solar system glow with heat and light.	使太阳系焕发出光和热。
[1:46:44]	And not only do stars emit energy, in accordance with E=mc2,	而且恒星不只是在依照E=mc2释放能量，
[1:46:50]	the whole process actually creates life itself.	这整个过程实际上也在创造生命。
[1:46:56]	Eventually, a massive star dies, the debris floats around, clusters together,	最终，大质量的恒星消亡了，碎片漂浮在周围，簇合在一起，
[1:47:03]	gets pulled into the orbits of another star and becomes a planet.	被其他的恒星拽入自己的轨道变成了行星。
[1:47:10]	We humans and the earth we stand on are made of stardust;	我们人类，和我们脚下的地球是有星团创造的；
[1:47:15]	we are a direct product of E=mc2.	我们就是E=mc2的直接产物。
[1:47:24]	Building on the work of scientists through the ages,	建立在古往今来的科学家的工作基础上，
[1:47:27]	new generations are searching for answers.	新的一代继续寻找答案。
[1:47:33]	Using bold new tools that reach almost to the speed of light,	使用大胆创新的几乎达到光速的工具，
[1:47:37]	they can now ask questions that their predecessors could never have even imagined.	他们可以提出前辈们绝对想象不到的问题。
[1:47:51]	As Einstein himself knew,	正如爱因斯坦所知的，
[1:47:54]	the journey of discovery is sometimes painful, sometimes joyful.	发现之旅有时痛苦，有时快乐。
[1:48:00]	It is as old as human curiosity itself and never, ever ends.	这依旧如同人类的好奇心一样，永不止步。

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